Resveratrol Interactions Overview

Additional Details

Is Resveratrol Safe? Are There Any Warnings?

Resveratrol is generally safe when consumed in amounts found in foods. It is also considered safe when taken orally in doses of up to 1500 mg daily for up to 3 months. Higher doses of 2000-3000 mg daily may cause gastrointestinal side effects. Topical use for up to 30 days and as an intranasal spray for up to 4 weeks are also considered safe. However, there is insufficient reliable information about the safety of resveratrol when used in larger amounts as medicine, particularly in children.

How Is Resveratrol Thought To Work?

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in various natural sources such as red wine, red grape skins, purple grape juice, mulberries, and peanuts, exerts its effects primarily through its trans-form.

It exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress and protecting against lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing organ damage. It also activates enzymes involved in slowing down the aging process, similar to the effects of caloric restriction.

In animal studies, it has shown potential in increasing lifespan and improving insulin sensitivity. The compound has attracted attention for its potential anticancer properties. It has demonstrated antimutagenic activity and the ability to inhibit tumor growth, promote apoptosis (cell death), and delay metastasis. However, its effect on apoptosis can vary depending on the specific conditions and cell types.

Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, hydroperoxidases, and 5-lipoxygenase. It has been found to be more selective for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition and may inhibit COX-2 to a lesser extent. Some evidence suggests that resveratrol possesses stronger anti-inflammatory properties compared to common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin or ibuprofen.

It has shown efficacy in reducing inflammation, protecting against cartilage destruction, and decreasing the activity of inflammatory cytokines.

In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, resveratrol has demonstrated various other potential health benefits.

These include antiplatelet effects, antilipemic effects (improving abnormal lipid profiles), antiviral effects (inhibiting replication of certain viruses), cardioprotective effects (protecting the heart from ischemic damage), estrogenic effects (acting as a weak phytoestrogen), hepatoprotective effects (protecting the liver), immunomodulatory effects (modulating immune system activity), neuroprotective effects (potentially preventing neurodegenerative diseases), and pulmonary effects (reducing asthma symptoms and inhibiting inflammatory mediators in the airways).

Pharmacokinetics

When resveratrol supplements are taken orally, they are absorbed relatively quickly, with peak plasma levels reached within 0.5 to 1.5 hours. The absorption may be slightly delayed when taken with food. However, it is uncertain if the absorbed resveratrol is enough to have a pharmacological effect. Resveratrol is mainly conjugated in the intestine and found in the plasma in different forms. It may undergo enterohepatic recirculation and is metabolized in the liver and kidney. The metabolites of resveratrol are found in higher levels than the free form, but their effects are not well understood. Resveratrol and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine within 24 hours.

Interaction Overview (See Below For Full List)

Resveratrol may interact with certain drugs and supplements. It may have antiplatelet effects, increasing the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. It may also affect the levels of drugs metabolized by specific enzymes. Caution should be exercised when using resveratrol in combination with these medications.

Common Side Effects To Watch For

When taken orally, common side effects of resveratrol may include diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, and loose stools. Other side effects may occur, but they are less frequently reported. It is important to monitor any adverse reactions and consult a healthcare professional if needed.

Are Supplements Standardized?

Resveratrol supplements are available in various formulations, including oral, topical, and intranasal forms. However, there is no standardized dosage or formulation. Different products may contain different concentrations of resveratrol, and some may use resveratrol isolated from specific sources, such as Hu Zhang. It is important to follow the recommended dosage instructions provided by the specific supplement manufacturer.

Drugs that interact with Resveratrol