American Mistletoe - Visudyne (Verteporfin) Interaction

American mistletoe, scientifically known as Phoradendron leucarpum, is a parasitic plant found in the eastern United States and Mexico. It grows on hardwood trees like oaks and hickories. Although it has been used in traditional Native American medicine, there isn't strong scientific evidence for its effectiveness. American mistletoe contains phoratoxin, a compound that can be toxic. This toxin induces smooth muscle contraction, leading to increased uterine and intestinal motility, which can result in gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, it can cause vasoconstriction, leading to changes in blood pressure and heart rate, similar to the effects of cardiotoxins found in cobra venom. Most case reports documenting ingestion suggest that eating up to 20 berries or 5 leaves is unlikely to cause serious harm, but there are reports of fatalities from cardiovascular collapse after drinking tea made from an unspecified amount of berries. It's important to note that American mistletoe is different from European mistletoe, which is more commonly used in dietary supplements.