Hydroxymethylbutyrate (hmb) Interactions Overview

Additional Details

Is HMB Safe? Are There Any Warnings?

HMB is generally considered safe when taken orally and used appropriately. Daily doses of up to 3 grams or 76 mg/kg have been used for up to one year without apparent safety concerns. The International Society of Sports Nutrition states that chronic use of HMB is safe for individuals of all ages. However, there is insufficient reliable information about its safety during pregnancy and lactation, so it is recommended to avoid using it during these periods.

How Is HMB Thought to Work?

HMB is a byproduct of the metabolism of the amino acid leucine and its ketoacid, alpha-ketoisocaproate. It is naturally found in small quantities in grapefruit, alfalfa, and catfish. Once inside the body, HMB is converted to beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutarate-Co-A (HMG-CoA), a compound involved in cholesterol synthesis. In the cytosol of liver and muscle cells, HMB is thought to inhibit muscle protein breakdown (proteolysis) and increase protein synthesis. This can potentially promote muscle growth by reducing muscle protein breakdown and stimulating muscle protein synthesis. HMB may also have anti-inflammatory effects and prevent muscle membrane inflammation or injury associated with intense exercise. The specific mechanisms related to the anticatabolic and muscle-building effects of HMB are still being studied.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: After oral consumption of 1 gram of HMB, plasma levels of HMB increase within approximately 30 minutes. Peak plasma levels are reached 1-2 hours after a single dose of 3 grams. HMB absorption is slightly lower when consumed with glucose. The free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA) was previously believed to have higher bioavailability than the calcium salt form (Ca-HMB), but recent research has not confirmed this.

Elimination: The half-life of HMB is approximately 2.5 hours. Only a small percentage of the unchanged compound is excreted in the urine. Plasma levels peak at about 1 hour when HMB is administered with glucose and about 2 hours when administered alone.

Interaction Overview

There are no known drug interactions, supplement interactions, or interactions with specific conditions or lab tests associated with HMB. However, it's always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or medication.

Common Side Effects to Watch For

Orally, HMB is generally well tolerated, and no specific side effects have been reported. However, individual reactions may vary, and if you experience any unusual symptoms or adverse effects, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

Drugs that interact with Hydroxymethylbutyrate (hmb)