Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Taboo Aphrodisia Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by SurThrival

Taboo Aphrodisia label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Taboo Aphrodisia against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Taboo Aphrodisia is a dietary supplement by SurThrival with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for low libido and sexual function, energy and stamina, menopause symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 1,441 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are KSM 66 Ashwagandha, Epimedium PE, Tribulus. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (117 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Taboo Aphrodisia is a liquid blend of 6 active ingredients designed to support sexual function and desire. The product includes maca (a root traditionally used as a food), tribulus (a plant known as puncture vine), velvet antler extract from deer, muira puama (a rainforest plant), KSM 66 ashwagandha (a standardized form of ashwagandha root), and epimedium PE (a plant extract).

The liquid is delivered in a base of purified water, organic grape alcohol, organic maple syrup, organic vanilla extract, and organic cacao powder.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: erotic enhancement and libido support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Sexual desire, Sexual dysfunction, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction, Premature ejaculation, Male infertility — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Possibly Effective" for Stress.
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Erectile dysfunction (ED), Menopausal symptoms, Premature ejaculation, Male infertility.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed and mostly limited. Tribulus has possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction.

Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder — so it may help you feel calmer, though that's separate from aphrodisiac claims. Maca, velvet antler extract, muira puama, and epimedium PE all lack reliable evidence in our data to rate their effectiveness for sexual function or the conditions they're traditionally used for.

The bottom line: we don't have solid proof that this blend will do what it claims.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Maca Tribulus Deer Velvet Muira Puama Ashwagandha Horny Goat Weed

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of the individual ingredients are generally well tolerated in the short term, but long-term safety data are limited for maca, tribulus, velvet antler, and ashwagandha. Ashwagandha is the exception — while it's usually tolerated, rare serious adverse effects including liver injury and hepatitis have been reported.

Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset) are possible but uncommon with typical doses. Drowsiness has been reported with ashwagandha.

Tribulus may rarely cause liver or kidney injury, seizures, or other serious effects, though these cases are uncommon. Maca may cause stomach pain if consumed raw.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety is not established for any of these ingredients — the safety data advise against use during pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Maca Tribulus Deer Velvet Muira Puama Ashwagandha Horny Goat Weed

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tribulus, Horny Goat Weed, Deer Velvet, Ashwagandha.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,442 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, CNS depressants or sedatives, benzodiazepines, lithium, immunosuppressants, thyroid hormone, or any medication that stresses the liver. Also double-check if you're on birth control pills or estrogen.

These are the medication types with documented interactions — your pharmacist can tell you if yours is affected.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Taboo Aphrodisia is marketed for sexual function, but the evidence supporting it is weak to absent for most ingredients. If you take any blood pressure medication, diabetes drugs, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, lithium, thyroid hormone, or immunosuppressants, check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have liver or kidney concerns.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 25, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Taboo Aphrodisia, straight from the product label.

Brand SurThrival
Barcode (UPC) 628586668959
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 25, 2021
DSLD ID 243990
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
628586668959
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend117 mg--
Maca0 NP--
Tribulus0 NP--
Velvet Antler extract0 NP--
Muira puama0 NP--
KSM 66 Ashwagandha0 NP--
Epimedium PE0 NP--

Other ingredients: purified Water, organic Grape Alcohol, organic Maple syrup, organic Vanilla extract, organic Cacao powder

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Erotic herbal elixer

Erotic enhancement to break through your taboo.

Made in the USA

Formula

Crafted with concentrated herbs to bolster libido, and rich chocolate notes that feed the forbidden.

Infused with: Fast-acting herbs to enhance the moment Tonic herbs to address overall hormone balance

General Statements

Take this unique blend with your partner for an unrivaled climactic experience. Seduce your senses and set your sensuality free!

Thriving through all circumstances

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Take 30 drops and hold in mouth for 90 seconds then swallow.

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant or lactating, consult a health care practitioner before using.

Do not use if seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Taboo Aphrodisia label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

117 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Organic Grape Alcohol, Organic Maple syrup, Organic Vanilla extract, Organic Cacao powder. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Taboo Aphrodisia?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,441Drugs
1,384 Moderate 57 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

KSM 66 Ashwagandha 1,372
Epimedium PE 963
Tribulus 259
Velvet Antler extract 52

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Taboo Aphrodisia interact with 1,441 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 6 ingredients in Taboo Aphrodisia interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. KSM 66 Ashwagandha Epimedium PE Tribulus Velvet Antler extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Taboo Aphrodisia with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

KSM 66 Ashwagandha10 drug types · 1,372 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
KSM 66 Ashwagandha full monograph & interactions

Epimedium PE6 drug types · 963 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research and animal research shows that horny goat weed can inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of hypotension.
Laboratory research suggests that horny goat weed might have hypotensive effects. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP2B6. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed extract inhibits CYP3A4 and suppresses CYP3A4 mRNA expression. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of horny goat weed with estrogens might increase their therapeutic and adverse effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that horny goat weed has estrogenic activity. In clinical research, horny goat weed has been shown to increase blood levels of estrogen in some females.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Epimedium PE full monograph & interactions

Tribulus3 drug types · 259 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tribulus full monograph & interactions

Velvet Antler extract2 drug types · 52 drugs

Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, deer velvet might interfere with the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Laboratory research shows that deer velvet contains small quantities of estradiol and testosterone. While clinical research shows that taking deer velvet extract does not raise testosterone levels, estradiol levels were not measured.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, deer velvet might increase the effects and side effects of estrogens.
Laboratory evidence shows that deer velvet contains small quantities of estradiol and testosterone. While clinical research shows that taking deer velvet extract does not raise testosterone levels, estradiol levels were not measured.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Velvet Antler extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Taboo Aphrodisia, from the product label.

SurThrival

See all SurThrival products
Name
SurThrival LLC
Street Address
P.O. Box 614
City
York
State
ME
ZipCode
03909
Phone Number
877.439.7996
Web Address
surthrival.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival: Common Questions

Does Taboo Aphrodisia by SurThrival interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Taboo Aphrodisia has a known interaction with 1,441 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Taboo Aphrodisia contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product work for sexual dysfunction?
Tribulus has possibly effective evidence for sexual dysfunction, so there's some support there. Ashwagandha may help with anxiety and stress, which can indirectly affect sexual function. But maca, velvet antler, muira puama, and epimedium PE don't have reliable evidence in our data to back up their use for sexual problems. The blend as a whole isn't proven.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No — the safety data for all these ingredients advise against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There isn't enough information to know they're safe in those situations. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking it if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.
What are the side effects?
Most people tolerate these ingredients well. Gastrointestinal upset — nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain — is possible but uncommon at normal doses. Ashwagandha can cause drowsiness. Rare but serious effects like liver injury have been reported with some ingredients, though these cases are uncommon.
Is this safe to take long term?
Long-term safety data are limited for most of these ingredients. We know they're generally tolerated short term, but we don't have enough information about what happens if you take them for months or years. If you're considering regular use, talk to your pharmacist.
What is ashwagandha in this product, and what does it do?
This product uses KSM 66 ashwagandha, a standardized extract of the ashwagandha root. It's possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety — so it may help you relax, but that's different from sexual enhancement. It does interact with several medication types, so check before you start.
What is maca, and does it work?
Maca is a root vegetable traditionally eaten as a food in Peru. The evidence for maca on sexual function, fertility, or other conditions is insufficient — we don't have reliable proof it works. It's generally well tolerated, though raw maca may cause stomach pain.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Taboo Aphrodisia label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Taboo Aphrodisia’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Maca

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire and some menopause symptoms, but the evide...

Read the full Maca monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tribulus

Interacts with 259 drugs

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims is weak and inconsistent. It is general...

Read the full Tribulus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Deer Velvet

Interacts with 52 drugs

Deer velvet is a traditional remedy made from the soft, growing antlers of deer or elk, and it is most often promoted for energy, athletic performance, and joint health. Good-quality human e...

Read the full Deer Velvet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Muira Puama

Muira puama is a Brazilian plant traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and general tonic, often nicknamed 'potency wood.' Human research is very limited, so its benefits are not well proven,...

Read the full Muira Puama monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Ashwagandha

Interacts with 1,372 drugs

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...

Read the full Ashwagandha monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Horny Goat Weed

Interacts with 963 drugs

Horny goat weed (Epimedium) is a traditional Chinese herb most often marketed for low libido and erectile problems, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. While short-term use s...

Read the full Horny Goat Weed monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Taboo Aphrodisia's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 58 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Maca 1 reference
  1. Valerio, L. G., Jr. and Gonzales, G. F. Toxicological aspects of the South American herbs cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Maca (Lepidium meyenii) : a critical synopsis. Toxicol.Rev 2005;24(1):11-35. PubMed

See these in context on the Maca monograph →

Tribulus 10 references
  1. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats: role of tissue ACE activity. Life Sci 2003;73:2963-71. PubMed
  2. Walker D, Bird A, Flora T, O'Sullivan B. Some effects of feeding Tribulus terrestris, Ipomoea lonchophylla and the seed of Abelmoschus ficulneus on fetal development and the outcome of pregnancy in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 1992;4:135-44. PubMed
  3. Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:257-60. PubMed
  4. Tabakova, P., Dimitrov, M., Ognyanov, K., and et al. Clinical study of Tribestan in females with endocrine sterility. Documentation for Registration (unpublished) 1999.
  5. Akhtari E, Raisi F, Keshavarz M, et al. Tribulus terrestris for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Daru 2014;22:40. PubMed
  6. Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, et al. Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Clin Nephrol 2015;83(3):177-83. PubMed
  7. Postigo S, Lima SM, Yamada SS, et al. Assessment of the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function of menopausal women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38(3):140-6. PubMed
  8. Talasaz AH, Abbasi MR, Abkhiz S, Dashti-Khavidaki S. Tribulus terrestris-induced severe nephrotoxicity in a young healthy male. Nephrol Dial Tranplant 2010;25(11):3792-3. PubMed
  9. Samani NB, Jokar A, Soveid M, Heydari M, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Evid
  10. Siddiqui MA, Itrat M, Mobeen A, Khan MI. Efficacy of khar-i-khasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in prehypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2021.

See these in context on the Tribulus monograph →

Deer Velvet 2 references
  1. Sleivert, G., Burke, V., Palmer, C., Walmsley, A., Gerrard, D., Haines, S., and Littlejohn, R. The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics. Int PubMed
  2. Bubenik, G. A., Miller, K. V., Lister, A. L., Osborn, D. A., Bartos, L., and van der Kraak, G. J. Testosterone and estradiol concentrations in serum, velvet skin, and growing antler bone of male white-tailed deer. J Exp Zoolog.A Comp Exp Biol 3-1-2005;30 PubMed

See these in context on the Deer Velvet monograph →

Muira Puama 2 references
  1. Waynberg, J. and Brewer, S. Effects of Herbal vX on libido and sexual activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Adv Ther 2000;17(5):255-262. PubMed
  2. Nguyen S, Rajfer J, Shaheen M. Safety and efficacy of daily Revactin in men with erectile dysfunction: a 3-month pilot study. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(2):266-73. PubMed

See these in context on the Muira Puama monograph →

Ashwagandha 32 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapuetic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.
  3. Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000;148:9-17. PubMed
  4. Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:209-14. PubMed
  5. Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46. DOI
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See these in context on the Horny Goat Weed monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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