Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL Injection, 25 vials
🆔 Identity & classification
Where does this data come from?
🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist class.
Where does this data come from?
🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
Where does this data come from?
🩺 Clinical
- Yes, it's the same active ingredient, but used in very different ways depending on the form. The nasal spray delivers a tiny amount directly to the nasal lining to temporarily shri...
- I see phenylephrine in nasal sprays at the pharmacy AND as an IV drug in the hospital — is it really the same medication?
- You should check with your doctor first. Phenylephrine constricts blood vessels, which can raise blood pressure and put extra strain on the heart — even from a nasal spray. If you...
- Can I use the nasal spray if I have high blood pressure or heart disease?
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Some supplements/herbs that may interact with Phenylephrine Hydrochloride — tap one for details:
Where does this data come from?
Ask a licensed pharmacist directly — free, answered by our team.
🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
💡 Tap an ingredient (hover on desktop) to see what it is and why it’s used.
-
1 mg / 1 mL
UNII 2968PHW8QP
A weak organic acid derived from citrus fruits or made through fermentation. It works as a buffer to control pH, a preservative to extend shelf life, and a flavoring agent in medications.
-
UNII QTT17582CB
A strong acid used to adjust and maintain the proper pH level in liquid medicines, ensuring stability and preventing breakdown of active ingredients.
-
3.5 mg / 1 mL
UNII 451W47IQ8X
Sodium chloride is common table salt. It's used in medicines as a buffer to maintain proper pH, as a filler to add bulk, or to adjust the osmotic balance in liquid formulations.
-
UNII 55X04QC32I
A strong alkaline chemical used to adjust and maintain the pH balance of liquid medicines. It helps keep the medicine stable and ensures it stays effective during storage.
-
2 mg / 1 mL
UNII 4VON5FNS3C
Sodium metabisulfite is a preservative derived from sulfur compounds. It prevents microbial growth and oxidation in medicines, helping extend shelf life and maintain product stability.
-
4 mg / 1 mL
UNII B22547B95K
A salt derived from citric acid that helps maintain the proper acid-base balance in the medicine. It's used as a buffer to keep the product stable and at the right pH level.
-
UNII 059QF0KO0R
Water is a liquid solvent that dissolves and mixes ingredients together in liquid medicines, syrups, and injections. It helps distribute the active drug evenly throughout the product.
7 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.
Where does this data come from?
ingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.Inactive ingredient FAQ
Are inactive ingredients the same for every manufacturer?
Why might an inactive ingredient be missing?
Can inactive ingredients matter?
💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per each | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | Not in the retail survey — common for institutional, discontinued, or low-volume packs. | |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | $3.39 | $84.68 / 25 vials |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · quarterly | No Part D plan price is available for this NDC in our data. | |
| Medicare Part B allowsASP · J2371 | $0.002 / J2371 unit | — |
Where does this data come from?
🧾 Billing & reimbursement
Where does this data come from?
🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00404-9931-99 | Henry | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00641-6142-25 | Hikma | 25 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00641-6229-25 | Hikma | 25 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-3422-92 | Sandoz | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-9226-92 | Sandoz | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 14335-0440-01 | Hainan | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 23155-0620-41 | Heritage | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 25021-0315-01 | Sagent | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 31722-0343-32 | Camber | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 36000-0358-25 | Baxter | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Biorphen 10 mg/mL 43598-0199-10 | Dr. | 10 ampules | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hci 10 mg/mL 51662-1249-01 | HF | 1 ml | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 51662-1576-01 | HF | 1 ml | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 55150-0300-25 | Eugia | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 55154-8226-05 | Cardinal | 5 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 58657-0851-26 | Method | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 63323-0751-13 | Fresenius | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 65145-0115-25 | Caplin | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 65219-0388-01 | Fresenius | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 68083-0465-25 | Gland | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70069-0801-25 | Somerset | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70069-0811-25 | Somerset | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mLthis 70121-1577-05 | Amneal | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70594-0063-02 | Xellia | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70756-0621-25 | Lifestar | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71288-0807-02 | Meitheal | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71839-0127-25 | BE | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7043-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7159-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7267-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7273-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7303-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7343-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71872-7348-01 | Medical | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72205-0264-25 | Novadoz | 25 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72485-0504-25 | Armas | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72572-0571-25 | Civica, | 25 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 81284-0211-25 | Provepharm | 25 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 84549-0621-25 | ProPharma | 1 ml | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-9227-95 | Sandoz | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-9228-70 | Sandoz | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 68083-0338-10 | Gland | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 68083-0339-01 | Gland | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71288-0808-76 | Meitheal | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 55150-0301-10 | Eugia | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 55150-0302-01 | Eugia | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71839-0128-10 | BE | 10 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 71839-0129-10 | BE | 10 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 31722-0344-31 | Camber | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 36000-0362-05 | Baxter | 5 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00641-6188-10 | Hikma | 10 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-3458-95 | Sandoz | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72205-0265-07 | Novadoz | 10 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 14335-0442-01 | Hainan | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 42023-0215-01 | Par | 1 vial | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 58657-0853-01 | Method | 10 ml | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70121-1578-07 | Amneal | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 70121-1579-01 | Amneal | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 58657-0852-11 | Method | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 36000-0360-10 | Baxter | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00781-3466-70 | Sandoz | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 42023-0214-10 | Par | 10 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72205-0266-07 | Novadoz | 10 vials | — | AP2 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 81284-0212-10 | Provepharm | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 31722-0345-10 | Camber | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 81284-0213-01 | Provepharm | 1 vial | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 00641-6189-10 | Hikma | 10 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 14335-0441-01 | Hainan | 10 vials | — | AP1 | FDA listed | — |
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL 72572-0570-10 | Civica, | 10 vials | — | — | FDA listed | — |
Where does this data come from?
⏳ Availability & generic status
This product is an FDA-approved generic. Other versions of the same drug are listed under Therapeutic equivalents, least expensive first.
Where does this data come from?
🗺️ Medicaid utilization & spend
📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 70121-1577-05 You're viewing this | 25 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE in 1 CARTON (70121-1577-5) / 1 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-DOSE (70121-1577-1) | 2018-07-07 | Active |
🧭 About this NDC listing & data coverage
What data is (and isn’t) available for this NDC — tap to expand
| NDC identity (package / product / labeler codes) | ✓ Available |
| Labeler | ✓ Available |
| Product & package description | ✓ Available |
| Marketing category & status | ✓ Available |
| Active ingredient / dosage form / route | ✓ Available |
| FDA label (SPL via DailyMed) | ✓ Available |
| Package photos | ✓ Available |
| Inactive ingredients (structured) | ✓ Available |
| NADAC pharmacy acquisition price (CMS) | — Not published for this NDC CMS publishes NADAC only for NDCs reported in its retail-pharmacy survey. |
| Orange Book / therapeutic-equivalence data | ✓ Available |
| HCPCS J-code billing crosswalk | ✓ Available |
| Medicaid utilization (CMS SDUD) | ✓ Available |
Questions about this listing
Why is there no price listed?
Is the NDC printed on the package the same as the 11-digit billing NDC?
What do the three segments of this NDC mean?
Is this package still being marketed?
Who lists this product with the FDA?
Do I need a prescription for this product?
Does this product have a billing J-code?
Where does this data come from?
📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection, 10 mg/mL is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia. Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia. ( 1 )
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection, 10 mg/mL, is injected intravenously either as a bolus or in a dilute solution as a continuous infusion. Dilute before administration. ( 2 ) Dosing for treatment of hypotension during anesthesia Bolus intravenous injection: 40 mcg to 100 mcg every 1 to 2 minutes as needed, not to exceed 200 mcg.
( 2 ) Intravenous infusion: 10 mcg/min to 35 mcg/min, titrating to effect, not to exceed 200 mcg/min. ( 2 ) Adjust the dose according to the pressor response (i.e. titrate to effect). ( 2 )
2.1General Dosage and Administration Instructions Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection, 10 mg/mL must be diluted before administration as an intravenous bolus or continuous intravenous infusion to achieve the desired concentration: Bolus : Dilute with normal saline or 5% dextrose in water. Continuous infusion : Dilute with normal saline or 5% dextrose in water. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
Do not use if the solution is colored or cloudy, or if it contains particulate matter. The diluted solution should not be held for more than 4 hours at room temperature or for more than 24 hours under refrigerated conditions. Discard any unused portion.
During phenylephrine hydrochloride injection administration: Correct intravascular volume depletion. Correct acidosis. Acidosis may reduce the effectiveness of phenylephrine.
2.2Dosing for Treatment of Hypotension during Anesthesia The following are the recommended dosages for the treatment of hypotension during anesthesia. The recommended initial dose is 40 mcg to 100 mcg administered by intravenous bolus. Additional boluses may be administered every 1 to 2 minutes as needed; not to exceed a total dosage of 200 mcg.
If blood pressure is below the target goal, start a continuous intravenous infusion with an infusion rate of 10 mcg/minute to 35 mcg/minute; not to exceed 200 mcg/minute. Adjust dosage according to the blood pressure goal.
2.3Prepare a 100 mcg/mL Solution for Bolus Intravenous Administration For bolus intravenous administration, prepare a solution containing a final concentration of 100 mcg/mL of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection: Withdraw 10 mg (1 mL of 10 mg/mL) of phenylephrine hydrochloride and dilute with 99 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Withdraw an appropriate dose from the 100 mcg/mL solution prior to bolus intravenous administration.
2.4Prepare a Solution for Continuous Intravenous Administration For continuous intravenous infusion, prepare a solution containing a final concentration of 20 mcg/mL of phenylephrine hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP: Withdraw 10 mg (1 mL of 10 mg/mL) of phenylephrine hydrochloride and dilute with 500 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection, USP is a sterile, clear, colorless solution and supplied in 1 mL single-dose glass vials. Each mL contains phenylephrine hydrochloride USP, 10 mg . Injection ( 3 ) 1 mL single-dose vials containing 10 mg phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/mL). ( 3 )
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS None None ( 4 )
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Exacerbation of Angina, Heart Failure, or Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phenylephrine hydrochloride can precipitate angina in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or history of angina, exacerbate underlying heart failure, and increase pulmonary arterial pressure. ( 5.1 ) Peripheral and Visceral Ischemia: Phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause excessive peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction and ischemia to vital organs. ( 5.2 ) Skin and Subcutaneous Necrosis: Extravasation during intravenous administration may cause necrosis or sloughing of tissue.
( 5.3 ) Bradycardia: Phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause severe bradycardia and decreased cardiac output. ( 5.4 )
5.1Exacerbation of Angina, Heart Failure, or Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Because of its increasing blood pressure effects, phenylephrine hydrochloride can precipitate angina in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or history of angina, exacerbate underlying heart failure, and increase pulmonary arterial pressure.
5.2Peripheral and Visceral Ischemia Phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause excessive peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction and ischemia to vital organs, particularly in patients with extensive peripheral vascular disease.
5.3Skin and Subcutaneous Necrosis Extravasation of phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause necrosis or sloughing of tissue. The infusion site should be checked for free flow. Care should be taken to avoid extravasation of phenylephrine hydrochloride.
5.4Bradycardia Phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause severe bradycardia and decreased cardiac output.
5.5Allergic Reactions Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions, including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
5.6Renal Toxicity Phenylephrine hydrochloride can increase the need for renal replacement therapy in patients with septic shock. Monitor renal function.
5.7Risk of Augmented Pressor Affect in Patients with Autonomic Dysfunction The increasing blood pressure response to adrenergic drugs, including phenylephrine hydrochloride, can be increased in patients with autonomic dysfunction, as may occur with spinal cord injuries.
5.8Pressor Effect with Concomitant Oxytocic Drugs Oxytocic drugs potentiate the increasing blood pressure effect of sympathomimetic pressor amines including phenylephrine hydrochloride [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1) ] , with the potential for hemorrhagic stroke.
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Adverse reactions to phenylephrine hydrochloride are primarily attributable to excessive pharmacologic activity. Adverse reactions reported in published clinical studies, observational trials, and case reports of phenylephrine hydrochloride are listed below by body system. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Cardiac disorders: Reflex bradycardia, lowered cardiac output, ischemia, hypertension, arrhythmias Gastrointestinal disorders: Epigastric pain, vomiting, nausea Nervous system disorders: Headache, blurred vision, neck pain, tremors Vascular disorders: Hypertensive crisis Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Dyspnea Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Pruritis Most common adverse reactions during treatment: nausea, vomiting, and headache. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Agonistic effects (increase in phenylephrine hydrochloride blood pressure effect) can occur with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), oxytocin and oxytocic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, angiotensin and aldosterone, atropine, steroids, norepinephrine transporter inhibitors, ergot alkaloids. ( 7.1 ) Antagonistic effects (decrease in phenylephrine hydrochloride blood pressure effect) can occur with α-adrenergic antagonists, phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors, mixed α- and β-receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, benzodiazepines and ACE inhibitors, centrally acting sympatholytic agents.
( 7.2 )
7.1Interactions that Augment Pressor Effect The increasing blood pressure effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride is increased in patients receiving: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) Oxytocin and oxytocic drugs Tricyclic antidepressants Angiotensin, aldosterone Atropine Steroids, such as hydrocortisone Norepinephrine transporter inhibitors, such as atomoxetine Ergot alkaloids, such as methylergonovine maleate
7.2Interactions that Antagonize the Pressor Effect The increasing blood pressure effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride is decreased in patients receiving: α-adrenergic antagonists Phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors Mixed α- and β-receptor antagonists Calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine Benzodiazepines ACE inhibitors Centrally acting sympatholytic agents, such as reserpine, guanfacine
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses with phenylephrine hydrochloride use in pregnant women during Cesarean section have not established a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. These studies have not identified an adverse effect on maternal outcomes or infant Apgar scores [see Data] . There are no data on the use of phenylephrine during the first or second trimester.
In animal reproduction and development studies in normotensive animals, evidence of fetal malformations was noted when phenylephrine was administered during organogenesis via a 1-hour infusion at 1.2 times the human daily dose (HDD) of 10 mg/60 kg/day. Decreased pup weights were noted in offspring of pregnant rats treated with 2.9 times the HDD [see Data]. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown.
All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryofetal Risk Untreated hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section is associated with an increase in maternal nausea and vomiting.
A sustained decrease in uterine blood flow due to maternal hypotension may result in fetal bradycardia and acidosis. Data Human Data Published randomized controlled trials over several decades, which compared the use of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection to other similar agents in pregnant women during Cesarean section, have not identified adverse maternal or infant outcomes. At recommended doses, phenylephrine does not appear to affect fetal heart rate or fetal heart rate variability to a significant degree.
There are no studies on the safety of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection exposure during the period of organogenesis, and therefore, it is not possible to draw any conclusions on the risk of birth defects following exposure to phenylephrine hydrochloride injection during pregnancy. In addition, there are no data on the risk of miscarriage following fetal exposure to phenylephrine hydrochloride injection. Animal Data No clear malformations or fetal toxicity were reported when normotensive pregnant rabbits were treated with phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (0.5 mg/kg/day; approximately equivalent to a HDD based on body surface area) from Gestation Day 7 to 19.
At this dose, which demonstrated no maternal toxicity, there was evidence of developmental delay (altered ossification of sternebra). In a non-GLP dose range-finding study in normotensive pregnant rabbits, fetal lethality and cranial, paw, and limb malformations were noted following treatment with 1.2 mg/kg/day of phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (2.3-times the HDD). This dose was clearly maternally toxic (increased mortality and significant body weight loss).
An increase in the incidence of limb malformation (hyperextension of the forepaw) coincident with high fetal mortality was noted in a single litter at 0.6 mg/kg/day (1.2-times the HDD) in the absence of maternal toxicity. No malformations or embryo-fetal toxicity were reported when normotensive pregnant rats were treated with up to 3 mg/kg/day phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (2.9-times the HDD) from Gestation Day 6 to 17. This dose was associated with some maternal toxicity (decreased food consumption and body weights).
Decreased pup weights were reported in a pre- and postnatal development toxicity study in which normotensive pregnant rats were administered phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day; 0.29, 1, or 2.9 times the HDD) from Gestation Day 6 through Lactation Day 2…
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses with phenylephrine hydrochloride use in pregnant women during Cesarean section have not established a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. These studies have not identified an adverse effect on maternal outcomes or infant Apgar scores [see Data] . There are no data on the use of phenylephrine during the first or second trimester.
In animal reproduction and development studies in normotensive animals, evidence of fetal malformations was noted when phenylephrine was administered during organogenesis via a 1-hour infusion at 1.2 times the human daily dose (HDD) of 10 mg/60 kg/day. Decreased pup weights were noted in offspring of pregnant rats treated with 2.9 times the HDD [see Data]. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown.
All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryofetal Risk Untreated hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section is associated with an increase in maternal nausea and vomiting.
A sustained decrease in uterine blood flow due to maternal hypotension may result in fetal bradycardia and acidosis. Data Human Data Published randomized controlled trials over several decades, which compared the use of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection to other similar agents in pregnant women during Cesarean section, have not identified adverse maternal or infant outcomes. At recommended doses, phenylephrine does not appear to affect fetal heart rate or fetal heart rate variability to a significant degree.
There are no studies on the safety of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection exposure during the period of organogenesis, and therefore, it is not possible to draw any conclusions on the risk of birth defects following exposure to phenylephrine hydrochloride injection during pregnancy. In addition, there are no data on the risk of miscarriage following fetal exposure to phenylephrine hydrochloride injection. Animal Data No clear malformations or fetal toxicity were reported when normotensive pregnant rabbits were treated with phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (0.5 mg/kg/day; approximately equivalent to a HDD based on body surface area) from Gestation Day 7 to 19.
At this dose, which demonstrated no maternal toxicity, there was evidence of developmental delay (altered ossification of sternebra). In a non-GLP dose range-finding study in normotensive pregnant rabbits, fetal lethality and cranial, paw, and limb malformations were noted following treatment with 1.2 mg/kg/day of phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (2.3-times the HDD). This dose was clearly maternally toxic (increased mortality and significant body weight loss).
An increase in the incidence of limb malformation (hyperextension of the forepaw) coincident with high fetal mortality was noted in a single litter at 0.6 mg/kg/day (1.2-times the HDD) in the absence of maternal toxicity. No malformations or embryo-fetal toxicity were reported when normotensive pregnant rats were treated with up to 3 mg/kg/day phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (2.9-times the HDD) from Gestation Day 6 to 17. This dose was associated with some maternal toxicity (decreased food consumption and body weights).
Decreased pup weights were reported in a pre- and postnatal development toxicity study in which normotensive pregnant rats were administered phenylephrine via continuous intravenous infusion over 1 hour (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day; 0.29, 1, or 2.9 times the HDD) from Gestation Day 6 through Lactation Day 21). No adverse effects on grow…
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
8.5Geriatric Use Clinical studies of phenylephrine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE Overdose of phenylephrine hydrochloride can cause a rapid rise in blood pressure. Symptoms of overdose include headache, vomiting, hypertension, reflex bradycardia, a sensation of fullness in the head, tingling of the extremities, and cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1Mechanism of Action Phenylephrine hydrochloride is an α-1 adrenergic receptor agonist.
12.2Pharmacodynamics Interaction of phenylephrine with α-1-adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells causes activation of the cells and results in vasoconstriction. Following phenylephrine hydrochloride intravenous administration, increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial blood pressure, and total peripheral vascular resistance are observed. The onset of blood pressure increase following an intravenous bolus phenylephrine hydrochloride administration is rapid, typically within minutes.
As blood pressure increases following intravenous administration, vagal activity also increases, resulting in reflex bradycardia. Phenylephrine has activity on most vascular beds, including renal, pulmonary, and splanchnic arteries.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Following an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine hydrochloride, the observed effective half-life was approximately 5 minutes. The steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 340 L suggests a high distribution into organs and peripheral tissues. The average total serum clearance is approximately 2100 mL/min.
The observed phenylephrine plasma terminal elimination half-life was 2.5 hours. Phenylephrine is metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase and sulfotransferase. After intravenous administration of radiolabeled phenylephrine, approximately 80% of the total dose was eliminated within first 12 hours; and approximately 86% of the total dose was recovered in the urine within 48 hours.
The excreted unchanged parent drug was 16% of the total dose in the urine at 48 hours post intravenous administration. There are two major metabolites, with approximately 57 and 8% of the total dose excreted as m -hydroxymandelic acid and sulfate conjugates, respectively. The metabolites are considered not pharmacologically active.
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action Phenylephrine hydrochloride is an α-1 adrenergic receptor agonist.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile, clear, colorless solution and supplied in 1 mL single-dose glass vials. Each mL contains phenylephrine hydrochloride USP, 10 mg . 10 mg/mL (1 mL) 1 mL Single - dose Vial: NDC 70121-1577-1 25 Vials in a Carton: NDC 70121-1577-5 Store phenylephrine hydrochloride injection USP, 10 mg/mL at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Protect from light. Store in carton until time of use. Vial stoppers are not manufactured with natural rubber latex.
The diluted solution should not be held for more than 4 hours at room temperature or for more than 24 hours under refrigerated conditions. Discard any unused portion.
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection USP, 10 mg/mL, is a clear, colorless, sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for intravenous use. It must be diluted before administration as an intravenous bolus or continuous intravenous infusion.
The chemical name of phenylephrine hydrochloride is (-)- m -hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol hydrochloride, and its structural formula is depicted below: Phenylephrine hydrochloride, USP is a white or practically white crystals with a molecular formula of C 9 H 13 NO 2 • HCl and a molecular weight of 203.67. It is freely soluble in water and in alcohol. Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection USP, 10 mg/mL is sensitive to light.
Each mL contains: phenylephrine hydrochloride, USP 10 mg, sodium chloride 3.5 mg, trisodium citrate dihydrate 4 mg, citric acid monohydrate 1 mg, and sodium metabisulfite 2 mg in water for injection. The pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid if necessary. The pH range is 3.5 to 5.5.
1
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION If applicable, inform patient, family member, or caregiver that certain medical conditions and medications might influence how phenylephrine hydrochloride injection works. Manufactured by: Amneal Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.
Ahmedabad 382213, INDIA Or Amneal Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad 382110, INDIA Or Amneal Pharmaceuticals Pvt.
Ltd. Mehsana 382165, INDIA Distributed by: Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Bridgewater, NJ 08807 Rev. 07-2024-05