Aloe Interactions Overview

Additional Details

Is Aloe Safe? Are There Any Warnings?

Aloe, derived from the aloe plant, is commonly used in cosmetics and as medicine. When used topically and appropriately, aloe gel is considered likely safe. It has been safely applied in clinical trials and included in topical cosmetics. However, it is important to ensure that aloe-derived anthraquinone levels do not exceed 50 ppm in cosmetic products.

Oral use of aloe gel and aloe extract is possibly safe when used appropriately and for short-term periods. Aloe gel has been safely used in doses of up to 15 mL daily or 100 mL of a 50% solution twice daily. A specific aloe gel complex has also been safely used at a dose of approximately 600 mg daily. Aloe extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of 500 mg daily for one month, and an aloe extract enriched in aloe sterols has been used with apparent safety in doses of 500 mg daily for 12 weeks.

On the other hand, aloe latex, when used orally, is possibly unsafe. There is conflicting evidence regarding its carcinogenic or tumor-promoting effects. Aloe whole-leaf extract that has not been filtered over charcoal, known as "nondecolorized" extract, has been classified as a possible human carcinogen. It is recommended to avoid the oral use of aloe latex and nondecolorized whole-leaf extract.

High doses of oral aloe latex, around 1 gram daily for several days, can be associated with nephritis, acute kidney failure, and even death. Therefore, it is considered likely unsafe when used orally in high doses.

Children should use aloe gel topically and appropriately, which has been safely applied in clinical trials. However, the oral use of aloe latex and whole-leaf extracts is possibly unsafe for children, as it may cause abdominal pain, cramps, and diarrhea in children under 12 years of age.

During pregnancy, oral use of aloe is considered possibly unsafe due to the presence of irritant, cathartic, and potential mutagenic effects of anthraquinones found in aloe latex and whole-leaf extracts. Anecdotal reports and animal research suggest that these substances may induce abortion and stimulate menstruation, so it is advisable to avoid using aloe during pregnancy.

For lactating individuals, the oral use of aloe preparations is possibly unsafe. Cathartic and mutagenic anthraquinones present in aloe latex and whole-leaf extracts might pass into breast milk, making it advisable to avoid using aloe while breastfeeding.

How Is Aloe Thought to Work? What Is the Mechanism of Action?

Aloe gel, the clear substance obtained from the mucilaginous cells in the center of the aloe leaf, contains various active constituents with different pharmacological effects. Aloe gel has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing pain and itching associated with inflammation. It inhibits the production of pain-producing agents and histamine, thereby providing relief. Aloe gel also exhibits antimicrobial properties, effectively targeting bacteria and fungi.

Aloe gel has antioxidant effects, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and wound healing properties. It helps reduce oxidative stress and protect against tissue damage. Aloe gel has also shown immune-stimulating effects, enhancing antibody production in certain cases.

Aloe latex, the yellow sap or juice found beneath the leaf skin, contains anthraquinones, resins, and other compounds. Anthraquinones in aloe latex are responsible for its laxative effects. They irritate the mucous membranes, increase mucous secretion and peristalsis, and inhibit water and electrolyte reabsorption, resulting in a laxative effect. However, the use of aloe latex is associated with potential risks and adverse effects, particularly when used in high doses or long-term.

Aloe's wound healing properties are attributed to its ability to improve microcirculation, prevent ischemia in wounds, and speed up healing. It inhibits the synthesis of vasoconstrictor substances, enhances collagen production and crosslinking, and promotes wound contraction and epithelialization.

Pharmacokinetics

There is insufficient reliable information available about the pharmacokinetics of aloe. Further research is needed to understand its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination in the body.

Interaction Overview (See Full List At Bottom Of Page)

Aloe may interact with certain drugs and supplements, including anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs, antidiabetes drugs, digoxin, diuretic drugs, stimulant laxatives, and warfarin. It is important to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional if using aloe alongside these medications or supplements.

Common Side Effects to Watch For

When used in typical doses, aloe products are generally well tolerated. However, there are potential side effects to be aware of. Orally, aloe latex can cause abdominal pain, cramps, and diarrhea. Topically, aloe gel may cause burning, erythema, itching, and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. In rare cases, high doses of oral aloe latex may lead to serious adverse effects such as acute hepatitis.

Are Supplements Standardized?

Aloe products can vary in their composition and standardization. High-molecular-weight fractions of aloe leaves have been standardized to contain specific components such as aloin and neutral polysaccharides. Commercial aloe gel products may be standardized to contain a certain percentage of aloe leaf gel, with limited levels of anthraquinones and various additives.

What Is Aloe Typically Used For?

Aloe is used for various purposes based on its potential effectiveness. The following conditions or situations have been associated with the use of aloe, although further research is needed to establish its efficacy:

• Acne
• Burns
• Constipation
• Diabetes
• Genital herpes
• Lichen planus
• Obesity
• Oral submucous fibrosis
• Psoriasis
• Radiation dermatitis
• Traumatic oral ulcers

Drugs that interact with Aloe