Ginkgo Interactions Overview

Additional Details

Is Ginkgo Safe? Are There Any Warnings?

Ginkgo is generally considered safe when taken orally and used appropriately. Standardized ginkgo leaf extracts have been used safely in clinical trials for several weeks to 6 years. However, there have been reports of arrhythmias associated with ginkgo leaf extract, although it's unclear if ginkgo directly causes arrhythmia. It's important to note that consuming more than 10 roasted ginkgo seeds per day or using crude ginkgo plant parts orally can be dangerous and lead to severe allergic reactions. Fresh ginkgo seeds are toxic and potentially deadly. Safety information is insufficient for topical use, and caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation.

How Does Ginkgo Work? What Is the Mechanism of Action?

The mechanism of action of ginkgo is not fully understood, but it's believed to involve multiple effects. Ginkgo extract contains various active components, including flavone glycosides and terpene lactones. These compounds are thought to have antioxidant properties and improve blood flow by dilating blood vessels and reducing the stickiness of platelets. Ginkgo may also protect nerve cells from damage and have anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it might enhance neurotransmitter activity and promote the release of neuroprotective substances. However, more research is needed to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms of ginkgo's actions.

Pharmacokinetics

Information about the pharmacokinetics of ginkgo is limited. Absorption of ginkgo components after oral administration is relatively slow and variable. The bioavailability of ginkgo flavone glycosides is approximately 80%, while the bioavailability of terpene lactones is lower at around 30-40%. After absorption, ginkgo components are extensively metabolized in the liver. The elimination half-life of ginkgo flavone glycosides is estimated to be about 3-4 hours, while the elimination half-life of terpene lactones is longer, ranging from 4 to 12 hours. The exact metabolic pathways and excretion of ginkgo components have not been fully characterized.

Interaction Overview (See Below For Full List)

Ginkgo may interact with certain medications and supplements, potentially affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some notable interactions include increased bleeding risk when taken with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, potential interactions with seizure medications, and the potential for ginkgo to interfere with the metabolism of certain drugs. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking ginkgo, especially if you are currently taking any medications or have any underlying health conditions.

Common Side Effects to Watch For

When taken orally, ginkgo leaf extract is generally well tolerated. However, some common side effects may include dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and headache. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. Serious adverse effects are rare, but caution should be exercised when using the roasted seed or crude ginkgo plant, as they contain toxic constituents and can lead to severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, seizures, loss of consciousness, and shock. It's important to monitor for any unexpected or severe side effects and seek medical attention if necessary.

Are Supplements Standardized?

Yes, ginkgo extracts are commonly standardized to ensure consistent levels of active components. For example, the standardized extract called EGb 761, which has been used in clinical trials, is typically standardized to contain specific percentages of flavone glycosides, terpene lactones, and ginkgolides.

Other standardized ginkgo extracts, such as LI 1370, Ginko T.D., and GK501, also have specific standardized concentrations of flavone glycosides and terpene lactones.

Ginkgo Dietary Supplementation Uses

• Improving Cognitive Function: Ginkgo is commonly used to enhance cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and concentration. It is believed to increase blood flow to the brain, provide antioxidant protection, and support neural health.
• Reducing Symptoms of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Ginkgo is often taken by older adults to help alleviate symptoms associated with age-related cognitive decline, such as forgetfulness, confusion, and difficulty with daily tasks. It is thought to improve brain circulation and protect against neuronal damage.
• Supporting Vision and Eye Health: Ginkgo is used to promote eye health and protect against age-related macular degeneration and other eye conditions. Its antioxidant properties and ability to improve blood flow to the retina may contribute to its beneficial effects.
• Alleviating Anxiety and Depression: Some individuals use ginkgo to help manage symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is believed to modulate neurotransmitters and promote a sense of calmness and well-being.
• Enhancing Sexual Function: Ginkgo is sometimes used to improve sexual function and treat erectile dysfunction. It is thought to enhance blood flow to the genital area, potentially aiding in achieving and maintaining erections.
• Reducing Symptoms of Asthma and Bronchitis: Ginkgo may be used to alleviate symptoms of respiratory conditions, such as asthma and bronchitis. Its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to improve blood flow may help relax airway muscles and reduce inflammation.
• Improving Peripheral Circulation: Ginkgo is believed to enhance blood flow to the extremities, such as the legs and arms. This may be beneficial for individuals with conditions like peripheral artery disease or Raynaud's disease, which involve reduced blood circulation in these areas.
• Supporting Overall Cardiovascular Health: Ginkgo is used to promote cardiovascular health by improving blood circulation, reducing blood clot formation, and protecting against oxidative stress. It may also help regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• Relieving Tinnitus (Ringing in the Ears): Ginkgo is sometimes used to alleviate the symptoms of tinnitus, including ringing or buzzing in the ears. It is thought to enhance blood flow and provide antioxidant protection to the auditory system.

Drugs that interact with Ginkgo