Herb & supplement monograph

Chiropractic Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

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Reviewed by licensed pharmacists Sourced from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Chiropractic drug interaction appears low for most people. Only a couple of medications are flagged, none of the interactions are rated major, and the evidence comes from a small number of case reports rather than controlled studies.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The one concern worth knowing about involves warfarin, a blood thinner. A few case reports describe bleeding around the spinal cord (a spinal epidural hematoma) in people taking warfarin who received chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Because warfarin already carries a serious bleeding risk, we think anyone taking it should tell their chiropractor before treatment and discuss avoiding neck manipulation specifically.

What the rest of the list means

Chiropractic is a hands-on therapy, not something you swallow, so it does not affect how the body absorbs or clears medications the way an herb or supplement might. The concern here is physical, not chemical, and it applies to a very specific situation rather than to medications in general. The evidence is limited to isolated reports, so the interaction is not firmly established, though caution with blood thinners is still sensible.

Check your medications against Chiropractic

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Chiropractic interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Chiropractic

2 medications have a known interaction with Chiropractic, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
WarfarinWarfarin› Warfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin› "phentolamineOraVerse, Rogitine, Ryzumvi› 6-mercaptopurinePurinethol› Ado-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla› AbacavirZiagen› Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq› Abacavir, LamivudineEpzicom› AbaloparatideTymlos› AbametapirXeglyze› AbarelixPlenaxis› AbciximabReoPro› AbemaciclibVerzenio› Abiraterone› Abiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga› AbrocitinibCibinqo› AcalabrutinibCalquence› AcamprosateCampral› AcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose› AcebutololRhotral, Sectral› AcenocoumarolSintrom› AcepromazineAtravet› AcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength› Acetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn› Acetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine› Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu› Acetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more› Acetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more› Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine› Acetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine›
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Chiropractic combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Chiropractic affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Chiropractic is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 1 drug category Chiropractic interacts with
Warfarin (coumadin)
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Chiropractic cervical spine manipulation can increase the risk of spinal epidural hematoma in patients taking warfarin.
There are at least two reports of spinal epidural hematoma in patients taking warfarin who have received chiropractic cervical spine manipulation. Advise patients taking warfarin not to receive cervical manipulation treatment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monograph

Chiropractic: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

The bottom line

Chiropractic is a licensed health profession that treats muscle and joint problems mostly through hands-on spinal manipulation, not a dietary supplement or herb. There is reasonable evidence it can help short-term low back pain and neck pain in many people, but it is not a cure-all, and you should see a qualified provider and rule out serious causes of pain first.

Part used
Not applicable (Chiropractic is a hands-on health profession, not a plant or supplement)
Common forms
In-person treatment, including spinal manipulation (adjustments), mobilization, soft-tissue therapy, and exercise advice
People commonly use it for
  • Low back pain
  • Neck pain
  • Tension and certain headaches
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Posture and mobility concerns

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallUse caution

Generally safe for most people when done by a licensed provider, but serious risks exist for certain neck procedures and high-risk patients.

PregnancyPossibly Safe

When used appropriately, short-term. Chiropractic treatment has been administered during pregnancy with apparent safety for up to 10 weeks.

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingInsufficient reliable information

There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of chiropractic treatment during lactation. However, there is no reason to expec...

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

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Overview

Chiropractic is not an herb or dietary supplement. It is a regulated health care profession that focuses on problems with the muscles, bones, and joints, especially the spine. Chiropractors are licensed providers (in the United States they earn a Doctor of Chiropractic, or D.C., degree).

The main treatment chiropractors use is called spinal manipulation or an "adjustment," where they apply a controlled, sometimes quick force to a joint. They may also use gentler joint movement (mobilization), massage and soft-tissue work, stretching, exercise advice, and lifestyle counseling.

People most often see a chiropractor for back pain, neck pain, and certain headaches. Because we were asked to write this as a monograph, please note the supplement-style fields above do not really apply — Chiropractic is a treatment you receive, not a product you swallow.

How it works

The proposed idea is that joint problems and restricted movement in the spine can contribute to pain and reduced function, and that hands-on adjustment can improve joint motion, ease muscle tension, and reduce pain signals.

Possible mechanisms include changes in how nerves and muscles around the joint respond, short-term reduction in pain sensitivity, and improved range of motion. These explanations are still being studied, and scientists do not fully agree on exactly why manipulation helps some people.

Importantly, there is no good scientific evidence for the older theory that misaligned vertebrae ("subluxations") cause widespread disease throughout the body.

Effectiveness

Does Chiropractic work?

Evidence overview · 37 uses evaluated
1 Likely effective 1 Possibly effective 3 Leans ineffective 32 Insufficient evidence
How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.
2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.
3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.
4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.
5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.
6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.
7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.
Likely Effective Back pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most clinical research shows that chiropractic manipulation and traction can reduce low back pain and improve function in adults.

Possibly Effective Neck pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most clinical research shows that thoracic or cervical chiropractic manipulation can reduce pain and improve function in adults with acute or chronic neck pain. Chiropractic manipulation also seems to improve the incidence, severity, and duration of cervicogenic headache in adults.

Possibly Ineffective Asthma
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic manipulation does not seem to be beneficial for asthma.

Possibly Ineffective Cognitive function
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic manipulation does not seem to improve reaction or response time in healthy adults.

Possibly Ineffective Hypertension
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic manipulation does not seem to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Also studied for 32 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Anxiety
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic care is beneficial in patients with anxiety.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Athletic performance
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic manipulation might improve athletic performance in adults with musculoskeletal complaints, but not in those without musculoskeletal issues.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Carpal tunnel syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Colic
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in infants with colic.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Complex regional pain syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using chiropractic care for complex regional pain syndrome, there is insufficient reliable evidence about the clinical effects of chiropractic care for this purpose.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Dysmenorrhea
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with dysmenorrhea.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Epilepsy
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using chiropractic manipulation for epilepsy, there is insufficient reliable evidence about the clinical effects of chiropractic manipulation for this purpose.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Fall prevention
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation for prevention of falls in older adults.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Fibromyalgia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with fibromyalgia.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Frozen shoulder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with frozen shoulder.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Headache
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic care is beneficial in patients with post-traumatic headache or in children with recurrent headaches.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Heart failure
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using chiropractic care for heart failure, there is insufficient reliable evidence about the clinical effects of chiropractic care for this purpose.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Herniated disc
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with herniated lumbar and cervical discs.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate HIV/AIDS
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in patients with HIV.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Insomnia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using chiropractic care for insomnia, there is insufficient reliable evidence about the clinical effects of chiropractic care for this purpose.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Jet lag
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in junior athletes with jet lag.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Joint pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic care in runners with joint pain.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Menorrhagia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using chiropractic care for menorrhagia, there is insufficient reliable evidence about the clinical effects of chiropractic care for this purpose.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Nocturnal enuresis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial for nocturnal enuresis in children.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Otitis media
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in children with otitis media.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pelvic pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with pelvic pain.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Peptic ulcers
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in patients with duodenal ulcers.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Physical performance
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if the use of chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in older adults with neck and back disability.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pregnancy-related pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in pregnant patients with pelvic girdle pain.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in patients with PMS.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Sciatica
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation improves pain in patients with sciatica.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Scoliosis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in children and adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Shoulder pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

There is limited evidence on the use of chiropractic manipulation in patients with should pain.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Sprains
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic care may improve pain and range of motion in patients with recent neck and ankle sprains.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Stroke
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic spinal adjustments are beneficial in patients with subacute or chronic stroke.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Chiropractic manipulation may not reduce pain in patients with TMD.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Vertigo
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if chiropractic manipulation is beneficial in patients with cervical vertigo.

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

For most healthy adults, chiropractic care from a licensed provider is generally considered safe, especially for the lower back. Still, some people should be cautious or avoid certain techniques.

Talk to your doctor before starting chiropractic care if you have osteoporosis or fragile bones, a history of cancer or spine cancer, a known disc herniation with nerve damage, bleeding disorders or you take blood thinners, recent spine surgery, or unexplained numbness, weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control. These can signal serious problems that need medical evaluation first.

A rare but serious concern is neck (cervical) manipulation, which has been linked in rare cases to injury of arteries in the neck and stroke. Discuss the risks and benefits, and tell your chiropractor about any sudden severe headache, dizziness, or vision changes.

Pregnancy: Many people receive chiropractic care during pregnancy, and providers may use modified, gentler techniques. Always tell your chiropractor you are pregnant and check with your obstetric provider first. Breastfeeding: Chiropractic care does not involve substances entering breast milk and is generally considered acceptable.

Side effects

The most common side effects are mild and temporary, such as soreness or stiffness in the treated area, headache, or tiredness for a day or two after a session.

Serious complications are rare. They can include worsening of a disc problem or nerve compression, and — very rarely, mainly with neck manipulation — injury to blood vessels in the neck that may lead to stroke. Seek emergency care if you develop sudden severe headache, neck pain, dizziness, slurred speech, weakness, or vision changes after treatment.

Chiropractic: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Chiropractic from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy is usually well tolerated when applied appropriately. Serious adverse effects reported with chiropractic therapy are typically associated with neck manipulation or the use of excessive force.

Most Common Adverse Effects:

Headache, increased pain, tenderness or soreness of the treated areas, and tiredness. Sometimes these effects occur at similar rates when compared with control.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Cervical artery wall dissection, esophageal tear (Boerhave's syndrome), ophthalmic artery dissection, spinal epidural hematoma, spontaneous primary hemopneumothorax, stroke, subarachnoid-pleural fistula, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vertebral artery dissection.

Reports by condition
Back pain Musculoskeletal

Adverse reactions are common in patients with neck pain who receive cervical spine manipulation. Reported adverse events occur in about 30% to 56% of patients receiving treatment for neck pain. About 13% of side effects are reported to be of severe intensity. Increased neck pain or neck stiffness occurred in 25% of patients. Chiropractic manipulation in children has been linked to several cases of less severe side effects such as headache and back pain.

In one case, a patient experienced an esophageal tear (Boerhave's syndrome) following excessive force applied to the thoracic and lumbar spine during spinal manipulation.

  1. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine 2005;30:1477-84.
  2. Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, et al. The benefits outweigh the risks for patients undergoing chiropractic care for neck pain: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2007;30:408-18.
  3. Vohra S, Johnston BC, Cramer K, Humphreys K. Adverse events associated with pediatric spinal manipulation: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2007;119:e275-83.
  4. Sozio MS, Cave M. Boerhaave's syndrome following chiropractic manipulation. Am Surg 2008;74:428-9.
Cluster headache Ocular/Otic

Upper spinal manipulation has also been linked to at least 14 reports of ophthalmologic adverse effects. These include loss of vision, diplopia, Horner's syndrome, ophthalmoplegia, and others. In many of these cases, the cause of the adverse outcome was cervical artery wall dissection due to chiropractic manipulation. Side effects such as ringing in the ears, tiredness, nausea, or dizziness occurred in less than 8% of patients receiving chiropractic treatment for neck pain. In one case report, a patient developed ophthalmic artery dissection after chiropractic manipulation of the neck, resulting in unilateral vision loss, headache, and drooping of the eyelid.

  1. Ernst E. Ophthalmological adverse effects of (chiropractic) upper spinal manipulation: evidence from recent case reports. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2005;83:581-5.
  2. Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, et al. The benefits outweigh the risks for patients undergoing chiropractic care for neck pain: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2007;30:408-18.
  3. Regan KA, Youn TS, Iyer SSR. Ophthalmic artery occlusion after chiropractic neck manipulation. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug;96(5):e663-e664. available.
Cluster headache Neurologic/CNS

After chiropractic treatment for neck pain: ringing in the ears, tiredness, nausea, or dizziness occur in less than 8% of patients. Radiating pain and headache occur infrequently. In one case report, a 36-year-old female reported to the emergency room with severe postural headaches. These are headaches that don't respond to standard medicine but instead are alleviated upon lying down and exacerbated when sitting or standing up. The patient had been receiving chiropractic treatments for neck soreness every two weeks for two years. The postural headaches occurred due to the vigorous chiropractic treatments that caused a subarachnoid-pleural fistula, subsequent cerebrospinal fluid leaking, and intracranial hypotension. The patient's condition only improved after surgical intervention consisting of multiple epidural blood patches.

Spinal epidural hematoma has also been described in several case reports following cervical manipulation. In some cases, this occurred in patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (Coumadin); however, in other cases it occurred in patients who were not receiving anticoagulation therapy. There have been several reports of stroke following cervical spine manipulation. Some estimates suggest that this can occur from 1 in 400,000 cervical spine manipulations to 3-6 per 10 million manipulations; however, the true incidence of stroke following cervical spine manipulation is not known. There is concern that chiropractic manipulation might not be safe in children. Chiropractic manipulation has been linked to at least 9 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage in children and at least one case in an adult.

  1. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine 2005;30:1477-84.
  2. Vohra S, Johnston BC, Cramer K, Humphreys K. Adverse events associated with pediatric spinal manipulation: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2007;119:e275-83.
  3. Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, et al. The benefits outweigh the risks for patients undergoing chiropractic care for neck pain: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2007;30:408-18.
  4. Lin SF, Weng HY. Postural headaches due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage through subarachnoid-pleural fistula: a case report. Headache 2017;57(3):467-71.
  5. Whedon JM, Quebada PB, Roberts DW, Radwan TA. Spinal epidural hematoma after spinal manipulative therapy in a patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy: a case report. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006;29:582-5.
  6. Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen LR. Safety in chiropractic practice, part I: The occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents after manipulation to the neck in Denmark from 1978-1988. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19:371-7.
  7. Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, et al. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of the literature. Spine 1996;21:1746-59.
  8. Dvorak J, Orelli F. How dangerous is manipulation of the cervical spine: case report and results of a survey. Manual Medicine 1985;2:1-4.
  9. Meeker WC, Haldeman S. Chiropractic: A profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:216-27.
  10. El Hamichi S, Graversen VK, Gold AS, Latiff A, Murray TG. Case Report: Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage after Chiropractic Manipulation of the Neck. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(7):482-484.
Pain Pulmonary/Respiratory

In one case report, a tall, thin patient with a significant smoking history presented with sudden onset dyspnea at rest and associated chest pain two days after chiropractic manipulation of the chest and back. The patient was found to have developed a life-threatening spontaneous primary hemopneumothorax requiring hospitalization and chest tube insertion.

  1. Khatib S, Sabobeh T, Abdalla K, Kulkarni S. A Case Report of Life-Threatening Hemopneumothorax as a Result of Spinal Manipulation Performed by Chiropractor. Cureus 2021;13(9):e18031.
Stroke Cardiovascular

Several cases of vertebral artery dissection have been reported following neck manipulation. In most vertebral artery dissection cases, symptoms develop within 12 hours of receiving treatment. Death has resulted in at least one case. Some experts estimate that 20,000 chiropractic neck manipulations will result in one vertebral artery dissection. Two cases of carotid artery dissection and ischemic stroke are also reported following cervical chiropractic manipulation. Both patients recovered following usual care for ischemic stroke. A meta-analysis of observational research found a 1.74 increased odds of cervical artery dissection associated with chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Ophthalmic artery dissection after chiropractic manipulation of the neck and subsequent blindness in the right eye has also been reported in one case.

  1. Reuter U, Hämling M, Kavuk I, et al. Vertebral artery dissections after chiropractic neck manipulation in Germany over three years. J Neurol 2006;253:724-30.
  2. Almuaigel MF, Althwanay A, Alamri A. Spontaneous Bilateral Dissection of the Vertebral Artery: A Case Report. Cureus. 2020;12(7):e9310.
  3. Chen Y, Mofatteh M, Nguyen TN, et al. Carotid Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Following Cervical Chiropractic Manipulation: Two Case Reports. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2022;56(3):303-307.
  4. Church EW, Sieg EP, Zalatimo O, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chiropractic Care and Cervical Artery Dissection: No Evidence for Causation. Cureus. 2016 Feb 16;8(2):e498.
  5. Regan KA, Youn TS, Iyer SSR. Ophthalmic artery occlusion after chiropractic neck manipulation. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug;96(5):e663-e664. available.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no "dose" for chiropractic the way there is for a supplement. Instead, a chiropractor recommends a treatment plan — how many visits, how often, and which techniques — based on your condition.

A common approach for back or neck pain is a short series of visits with a planned re-check; if you are not improving after a few weeks, the plan should be reconsidered. Be cautious of providers who recommend long, open-ended packages of frequent visits without clear goals. Always follow your provider's guidance and check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure whether chiropractic care is right for you.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Chiropractic & Pregnancy

Possibly Safe

When used appropriately, short-term. Chiropractic treatment has been administered during pregnancy with apparent safety for up to 10 weeks.

  1. Gausel AM, Kjærmann I, Malmqvist S, et al. Chiropractic management of dominating one-sided pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women; a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017;17(1):331.

Chiropractic & Breastfeeding

Insufficient reliable information

There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of chiropractic treatment during lactation. However, there is no reason to expect safety concerns with appropriate use.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 19 references that drive our Chiropractic monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Meeker WC, Haldeman S. Chiropractic: A profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:216-27. PubMed
  2. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine 2005;30:1477-84. PubMed
  3. Ernst E. Ophthalmological adverse effects of (chiropractic) upper spinal manipulation: evidence from recent case reports. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2005;83:581-5. PubMed
  4. Reuter U, Hämling M, Kavuk I, et al. Vertebral artery dissections after chiropractic neck manipulation in Germany over three years. J Neurol 2006;253:724-30. PubMed
  5. Whedon JM, Quebada PB, Roberts DW, Radwan TA. Spinal epidural hematoma after spinal manipulative therapy in a patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy: a case report. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006;29:582-5. PubMed
  6. Vohra S, Johnston BC, Cramer K, Humphreys K. Adverse events associated with pediatric spinal manipulation: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2007;119:e275-83. PubMed
  7. Rubinstein SM, Leboeuf-Yde C, Knol DL, et al. The benefits outweigh the risks for patients undergoing chiropractic care for neck pain: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2007;30:408-18. PubMed
  8. Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen LR. Safety in chiropractic practice, part I: The occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents after manipulation to the neck in Denmark from 1978-1988. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19:371-7.
  9. Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, et al. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of the literature. Spine 1996;21:1746-59. PubMed
  10. Dvorak J, Orelli F. How dangerous is manipulation of the cervical spine: case report and results of a survey. Manual Medicine 1985;2:1-4.
  11. Sozio MS, Cave M. Boerhaave's syndrome following chiropractic manipulation. Am Surg 2008;74:428-9. DOI
  12. Church EW, Sieg EP, Zalatimo O, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chiropractic Care and Cervical Artery Dissection: No Evidence for Causation. Cureus. 2016 Feb 16;8(2):e498. PubMed
  13. Gausel AM, Kjærmann I, Malmqvist S, et al. Chiropractic management of dominating one-sided pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women; a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017;17(1):331. PubMed
  14. Lin SF, Weng HY. Postural headaches due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage through subarachnoid-pleural fistula: a case report. Headache 2017;57(3):467-71. PubMed
  15. Regan KA, Youn TS, Iyer SSR. Ophthalmic artery occlusion after chiropractic neck manipulation. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug;96(5):e663-e664. available. PubMed
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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Chiropractic: Common Questions

What is Chiropractic used for, and does it work?
People use Chiropractic for many reasons, but the evidence varies by use. According to the Natural Medicines database, there is at least some clinical evidence supporting Chiropractic for Back pain and Neck pain. For most other uses it has been studied for, the evidence is currently insufficient to rate. See the graded list on this page, and always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Does Chiropractic interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 2 medications with a known interaction with Chiropractic. Use the checker above to see how Chiropractic interacts with a specific drug.
How are Chiropractic interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Chiropractic with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Chiropractic interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
Is Chiropractic a supplement or herb?
No. Chiropractic is a licensed health profession that treats muscle and joint problems mostly through hands-on spinal manipulation. It is a treatment you receive, not a product you take.
What does Chiropractic help with the most?
It is best supported for short-term relief of low back pain and neck pain. Benefits are usually modest and vary from person to person.
Is Chiropractic safe?
It is generally safe for most people when done by a licensed provider, with mild soreness being the most common side effect. Serious problems are rare, but neck manipulation carries a small risk of stroke, so discuss your health history first.
Can I get Chiropractic care while pregnant?
Many pregnant people do, often with gentler techniques. Tell your chiropractor you are pregnant and check with your obstetric provider before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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