Melatonin Interactions Overview
Check For Interactions With Melatonin
Melatonin
- N-Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine
Melatonin is a hormone that is produced naturally in the pineal gland. It is involved in several different bodily processes, such as the regulation of the body's sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin is available as a dietary supplement and is often used to help people with sleep disorders, such as insomnia, fall asleep more easily.
There is some evidence to suggest that melatonin supplements may be helpful in reducing the time it takes to fall asleep and improving sleep quality, although the results of studies on this topic have been mixed. Studies show better support for some specific conditions, such as Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder.
Melatonin is generally considered to be safe when used in the short term, although it can cause side effects in some people, such as dizziness, headache, and nausea.
While melatonin is a natural hormone, it is often synthesized for its use in dietary supplements.
Additional Details
Is Melatonin Safe? Are There Any Warnings?
Most melatonin supplements available on the market are synthesized in a laboratory, though there are rare cases where it may be derived from animal pineal gland. To avoid contamination, it is best to avoid melatonin from animal sources. Melatonin supplements can vary in content from lot to lot, and some products may contain more than the indicated amount on the label. There is a possibility of contamination with serotonin in some melatonin supplements. Due to its potential to cause daytime sleepiness, it is advised not to drive or operate machinery for 4-5 hours after taking melatonin. In pregnant patients or those planning to become pregnant, it is advisable to avoid frequent or high-dose melatonin use, as high doses may inhibit ovulation.
How Does Melatonin Work? What Is the Mechanism of Action?
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It is synthesized from tryptophan and plays a role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm, sleep patterns, and endocrine secretions. Melatonin works by binding to melatonin receptors in the brain, which affects the activity of other neurotransmitters and hormones involved in sleep and wakefulness. It also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to its other therapeutic uses.
Pharmacokinetics
When taken orally, melatonin is absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches peak levels within about 1 hour. The bioavailability of melatonin from supplements varies widely among individuals. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine. The half-life of melatonin is approximately 40.8 minutes in healthy volunteers. The duration of melatonin's effects may vary depending on the formulation and dose.
Interaction Overview
Melatonin may interact with certain medications and supplements, including benzodiazepines, blood pressure medications, blood thinners, and hormonal medications. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking melatonin if you are taking any other medications or supplements to prevent potential interactions.
Common Side Effects to Watch For
The most common side effects of melatonin include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and nausea. If any of these side effects become severe or persistent, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.
Are Supplements Standardized?
Melatonin supplements are available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, gummies, chewable, sublingual, and liquid forms. Some formulations have been authenticated with certificates of analysis or have met the United States Pharmacopeia standards for quality. However, standardization may vary among different products, so it is important to choose a reputable brand.
What Is Melatonin Typically Used For?
Melatonin is commonly used to alleviate sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, jet lag, and shift work sleep disorder. It may also be used for other conditions, including delayed sleep phase syndrome, non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, and pre-procedural anxiety. Melatonin has also shown potential in improving outcomes in certain types of cancer, reducing endometriosis-related pain, and protecting against UV light-induced skin damage.
Drugs that interact with Melatonin
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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