No known drug interactions for the matched ingredients — not a guarantee none exist. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Amplified Creatine 189 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Pro Performance AMP

Amplified Creatine 189 label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
No known interaction
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Amplified Creatine 189 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line No known interaction

Amplified Creatine 189 is a dietary supplement by GNC Pro Performance AMP with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for improving high-intensity exercise performance, building muscle strength and size, sports and athletic training.We don’t currently list a known drug interaction for its mapped ingredients — but that doesn’t guarantee none exist, so always confirm with your pharmacist.

Jump to a section

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product has one active ingredient: a PEG-Creatine System (a form of creatine bonded to polyethylene glycol). Creatine is a compound your muscles use to produce energy during exercise.

The product also contains inactive ingredients — cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, an enteric coating, mint flavoring, and sucralose — which are fillers and binders that help deliver the active ingredient.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle strength and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Muscle strength, Physical performance, Muscle breakdown, Sarcopenia, Postoperative recovery — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength, Sarcopenia.
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle breakdown, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery.

The evidence supports creatine for a few purposes. It's possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), and rare genetic conditions that affect the brain's creatine levels.

For Huntington disease and weak bones (osteopenia), the evidence suggests it's possibly ineffective. The research on muscle strength and athletic performance is the strongest of these claims.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Creatine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Creatine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults. The most common side effects are dehydration, diarrhea, stomach upset, muscle cramps, and water retention.

Serious side effects are rare but have been reported in case studies — they include kidney problems, muscle breakdown, and blood clots. If you have kidney disease, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.

Safety hasn't been established in pregnancy or while nursing; the data advises against use in both situations.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Creatine

Meds to double-check

No known interactions
Known Interaction Concern · database check
No known interactions

No medication interactions are currently documented for the matched ingredients — that isn't a guarantee none exist.

Why this rating?
  • None of the 1 matched ingredient has a documented medication interaction on file.

No interactions are documented in our data for the ingredients we could check. Even so, use the medication search tool on this page to verify your exact drugs before you begin.

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. No medication interactions are currently documented, and safety information is well characterized.

Amplified Creatine 189 may help with muscle strength and athletic performance if you're an active adult with healthy kidneys. It's not for pregnant women or nursing mothers.

If you have any kidney concerns or take medications, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 25, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Amplified Creatine 189, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Pro Performance AMP
Net contents 30 Pak(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 25, 2015
DSLD ID 42327
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 White Caplet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 White Caplet(s)
IngredientAmount% DV
PEG-Creatine System1250 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Polyethylene Glycol, Titanium Dioxide, Enteric Coating, natural Mint flavor, Sucralose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Amplified Creatine 189(TM) - This advanced, cutting edge formula has been clinically proven to get in your muscles better than ordinary creatine.

Tribulus Terrestris & Anabolic Primer – Features high-quality Tribulus Terrestris and Fenugreek extract clinically studied to support anabolic muscle factors in the body.

- The Power of 5g of Creatine in 2 Tablets Delivers 189% Improved Muscle Creatine Absorption - Triggers Anabolic Factors with High-Quality Tribulus & Fenugreek

Amplified Creatine 189(TM)

Mega Men(R) Sport contains B-vitamins that are important for energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. It provides amino acids, including BCAA, and a joint cushioning blend for healthy joint cartilage. Also features a broad spectrum of cell-protecting antioxidants and nutrients that aid in boosting immunity.*

General Statements

Creatine promotes cellular hydration and helps fuel muscles to improve and enhance athletic performance. This form increases strength with only 25% of the dose of ordinary creatine. In a clinical study, this form of creatine yielded 189% muscle creatine uptake relative to ordinary creatine monohydrate. This allows you to take less and get more into the muscle.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 112 healthy volunteers, subjects taking the GNC vitamin and mineral blend in this product for six weeks experienced statistically significant improvements in markers of B vitamins and antioxidant status, as well as improvements in SF-36 Vitality and Mental health scores compared to those taking a placebo. In a clinical study of 17 healthy young adults, muscle biopsy results revealed that GNC Pro Performance(R) AMP Amplified Creatine 189(TM) resulted in 189% greater muscle creatine uptake relative to benchmark amounts of ordinary creatine monohydrate powder. When used in conjunction with regular resistance training. In a randomized, double-blind clinicial study of 57 healthy young adult males, subjects who took, GNC Pro Performance(R) AMP Amplified Creatine 189(TM) containing only 1.25 grams creatine significantly improved leg press 1-RM performance by 54 lbs, while subjects on 5 grams of creatine monohydrate improved by 52 lbs, and the placebo group demonstrated no significant improvement when used in conjunction with regular resistance training.

ADVANCED MUSCLE PERFORMANCE

ADVANCED SPORTS VITAMIN SYSTEM TO ENHANCE STRENGTH TRAINING WITH OVER 50 POWERFUL INGREDIENTS

- Features GNC’s Highest-Potency Sports Multivitamin to Fuel Maximum Strength Training - Scientifically Formulated to Improve Upper and Lower Body Strength and Help Pack on Mass

Daily Strength Size Power

Clinically Researched

Each pak contains:

{Caplet} Actual Size

{QRC} SCAN & LEARN MORE

GNC QUALITY COMMITMENT For more than 75 years, GNC has been the leader in the development and manufacture of dietary supplements, is committed to producing the most superior products. We use only the highest quality ingredients manufactured under the strictest quality controls. Every raw material used is tested to ensure its purity and potency. Each product is dated and then shipped immediately to our stores to ensure that you are purchasing the freshest supplements available.

GNC GUARANTEE If you are not 100% completely satisfied, return the unused portion of the product with your receipt to a GNC store within 30 days. Our trained sales staff will either refund your purchase price or, if you prefer, assist you in finding a replacement product to help you LIVE WELL.

Each performance boosting pak delivers GNC’s most optimal and precise combination of a premium daily multivitamin and sports nutrients. With over 50 powerful ingredients to support your total exercise strength training program, we’ve taken athletic performance nutrition to a whole new level. This scientifically mastered formula features a daily premium multivitamin and support nutrients combined with strength supporting mechanisms.

When activating the strength-building potential of this exclusive system, you amplify total strength results, increase muscular power and prepare your muscles to utilize the nutrients necessary to build mass with this complete training stack.* Most athletes today are not combining the proper combinations and ratios of critical sports nutrition.

Precautions

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

WARNING: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, under 18 years of age or have a medical condition.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General

CODE 331811 ANG

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: As a dietary supplement, take the contents of one pak 30-60 minutes per-workout. On non-training days, take the contents of one pak first thing in the morning with food.

To take muscular strength gains to new levels, stack with: - Amplified Muscle Igniter 4X – to improve physical and mental intensity - Amplified Mass XXX(TM) - provides a ratio of nutrients proven to accelerate increases in lean mass and exercise performance.

Formulation

No Wheat, No Gluten, No Dairy, Yeast Free.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

What is Pro Performance(R) AMP Strength Vitapak(R) Program? Strength. Power. Mass. You train and prepare in the gym and on the field to reach your fullest physical potential. Now, with the Pro Performance(R) AMP Strength Vitapak(R) Program powered by Mega Men(R) Sport, ensure you leave nothing under-utilized by maximizing the results of your supplement and training regimen.

The Pro Performance(R) AMP Strength Vitapak(R) Program Evolution

This advanced multivitamin platform delivered by Mega Men(R) Sport allows well-trained muscles to develop, build and recover. If attaining every possible ounce of strength is your goal to improve your competitive edge, then the Pro Performance(R) AMP Strength Vitapak(R) Program is your new weapon in training. Mega Men(R) Sport – This high-potency clinically studied sports multivitamin formula includes critical components to fill important nutrient gaps in regular supplementation programs.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Amplified Creatine 189 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 White Caplet(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Amounts shown are per serving.

PEG-Creatine System

No known
interactions
1250 mg per serving

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

PEG-Creatine System monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Polyethylene Glycol, Titanium Dioxide, Enteric Coating, Natural Mint flavor, Sucralose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP Drug Interactions

We don’t currently list any known drug interactions for the mapped ingredients in Amplified Creatine 189. This doesn’t guarantee none exist — always confirm with your pharmacist before combining a supplement with your medications.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Amplified Creatine 189, from the product label.

GNC Pro Performance AMP

See all GNC Pro Performance AMP products
Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP: Common Questions

Does Amplified Creatine 189 by GNC Pro Performance AMP interact with any medications?
We do not currently list a known interaction for the mapped ingredients in Amplified Creatine 189. This does not guarantee none exist, so confirm with your pharmacist.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Amplified Creatine 189 contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does creatine really boost athletic performance?
The evidence suggests it's possibly effective for athletic performance. Creatine helps your muscles produce the energy they need during exercise, which is why it's popular with athletes. Your results will depend on your training routine and individual response.
Will this product make me retain water?
Water retention is one of the most common side effects. Creatine causes your muscles to hold onto a bit more water, which is usually mild. If you notice bloating or puffiness, stay well hydrated and talk with your doctor or pharmacist.
Is it safe to take if I have kidney disease?
The data warns that people with kidney issues should be careful. If you have any kidney concerns — past or present — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking creatine, since your kidneys help filter it from your body.
Can I take this while I'm pregnant?
No. Safety during pregnancy hasn't been established, so the data advises against use. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any supplement.
Can I use it while breastfeeding?
There isn't enough safety information for nursing mothers, so the data advises against it. If you're breastfeeding and interested in creatine, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you.
What's the difference between this and plain creatine monohydrate?
This product uses a PEG-Creatine System, which bonds creatine to polyethylene glycol. The manufacturer claims this delivery method improves absorption, but the evidence supporting creatine's benefits applies to creatine in general — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about which form suits you best.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Amplified Creatine 189 is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Amplified Creatine 189 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Amplified Creatine 189’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Amplified Creatine 189's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 86 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Creatine 86 references
  1. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med 1999;340:814-5. PubMed
  2. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  3. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;352:233-4. PubMed
  4. Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (abstract). J Appl Physiol 1997;83:2055-63. PubMed
  5. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:232-7. PubMed
  6. Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252-3. PubMed
  7. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men (abstract). Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. PubMed
  8. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1108-10. PubMed
  9. Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. PubMed
  10. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:139-44. PubMed
  11. Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996;91:113-8. PubMed
  12. Juhn MS. Oral creatine supplementation. Separating fact from hype. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27:47-50,53-54,56,61,89. PubMed
  13. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:593-5.
  14. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E821-6. PubMed
  15. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand 1995;154:303-10. PubMed
  16. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. PubMed
  17. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. (abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40. PubMed
  18. Groeneveld GJ, Veldink JH, van der Tweel I, et al. A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . PubMed
  19. Robinson SJ. Acute quadriceps compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a weight lifter using high-dose creatine supplementation. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000;13:134-7. PubMed
  20. Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:762-4. PubMed
  21. Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:33-40. PubMed
  22. Pfeffer, G., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D. M., Thorburn, D., and Chinnery, P. F. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004426. PubMed
  23. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  24. Kreider, R. B. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. PubMed
  25. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1999;99(5):593-595.
  26. Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., and Kraemer, W. J. No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. PubMed
  27. Robinson, T. M., Sewell, D. A., Casey, A., Steenge, G., and Greenhaff, P. L. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. PubMed
  28. Tarnopolsky, M. A. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr.Opin.Clin Nutr.Metab Care 2000;3(6):497-502. PubMed
  29. Tarnopolsky, M. A. and MacLennan, D. P. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):452-463. PubMed
  30. Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. PubMed
  31. Chrusch, M. J., Chilibeck, P. D., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S., and Burke, D. G. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. PubMed
  32. Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D., and Burke, L. Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2002;12(1):33-46. PubMed
  33. Kilduff, L. P., Vidakovic, P., Cooney, G., Twycross-Lewis, R., Amuna, P., Parker, M., Paul, L., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistance-trained humans. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1176-1183. PubMed
  34. Brose, A., Parise, G., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. 2003;58(1):11-19. PubMed
  35. Volek, J. S., Ratamess, N. A., Rubin, M. R., Gomez, A. L., French, D. N., McGuigan, M. M., Scheett, T. P., Sharman, M. J., Hakkinen, K., and Kraemer, W. J. The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to
  36. Tyler, T. F., Nicholas, S. J., Hershman, E. B., Glace, B. W., Mullaney, M. J., and McHugh, M. P. The effect of creatine supplementation on strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-b DOI
  37. Groeneveld, G. J., Beijer, C., Veldink, J. H., Kalmijn, S., Wokke, J. H., and van den Berg, L. H. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(4):307-313. PubMed
  38. Astorino, T. A., Marrocco, A. C., Gross, S. M., Johnson, D. L., Brazil, C. M., Icenhower, M. E., and Kneessi, R. J. Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion? J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(4):730-734. PubMed
  39. Cramer, J. T., Stout, J. R., Culbertson, J. Y., and Egan, A. D. Effects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular function. J Strength.Cond.Res 2007;21(3):668-677. PubMed
  40. Young, P., De, Jonghe P., Stogbauer, F., and Butterfass-Bahloul, T. Treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(1):CD006052. PubMed
  41. Ostojic, S. M. and Ahmetovic, Z. Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in athletes: are side effects dose dependent? Res.Sports Med. 2008;16(1):15-22. PubMed
  42. Whitt, K. N., Ward, S. C., Deniz, K., Liu, L., Odin, J. A., and Qin, L. Cholestatic liver injury associated with whey protein and creatine supplements. Semin.Liver Dis. 2008;28(2):226-231. PubMed
  43. Koenig CA, Benardot D Cody M Thompson WR. Comparison of creatine monohydrate and carbohydrate supplementation on repeated jump height performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1081-1086. PubMed
  44. Gordon, P. H., Cheung, Y. K., Levin, B., Andrews, H., Doorish, C., Macarthur, R. B., Montes, J., Bednarz, K., Florence, J., Rowin, J., Boylan, K., Mozaffar, T., Tandan, R., Mitsumoto, H., Kelvin, E. A., Chapin, J., Bedlack, R., Rivner, M., McCluskey, L.
  45. Bender, A., Samtleben, W., Elstner, M., and Klopstock, T. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Nutr.Res. 2008;28(3):172-178. PubMed
  46. Parness, J. You're "hot" from pumping iron? Anesth.Analg. 2009;108(3):711-713. PubMed
  47. Gualano, B., Ferreira, D. C., Sapienza, M. T., Seguro, A. C., and Lancha, A. H., Jr. Effect of short-term high-dose creatine supplementation on measured GFR in a young man with a single kidney. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2010;55(3):e7-e9. PubMed
  48. Saidi, H. and Mani, M. Severe metabolic acidosis secondary to coadministration of creatine and metformin, a case report. Am.J.Emerg.Med. 2010;28(3):388-6. PubMed
  49. Gualano, B., de, Salles Painelli, V, Roschel, H., Lugaresi, R., Dorea, E., Artioli, G. G., Lima, F. R., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M. R., Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Otaduy, M. C., Sapienza, M. T., da Costa, Leite C., Bonfa, E., and Lancha Junior, A. H.
  50. Neves, M., Jr., Gualano, B., Roschel, H., Lima, F. R., Lucia, de Sa-Pinto, Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Sapienza, M. T., Fuller, R., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Bonfa, E. Effect of creatine supplementation on measured glomerular filtration rate in postmeno
  51. Gufford, B. T., Sriraghavan, K., Miller, N. J., Miller, D. W., Gu, X., Vennerstrom, J. L., and Robinson, D. H. Physicochemical characterization of creatine N-methylguanidinium salts. J.Diet.Suppl 2010;7(3):240-252.
  52. Lugaresi, R., Leme, M., de, Salles Painelli, V, Murai, I. H., Roschel, H., Sapienza, M. T., Lancha Junior, A. H., and Gualano, B. Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein di
  53. Poortmans, J. R. and Francaux, M. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 7-18-1998;352(9123):234. PubMed
  54. Maganaris, C. N. and Maughan, R. J. Creatine supplementation enhances maximum voluntary isometric force and endurance capacity in resistance trained men. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998;163(3):279-287. PubMed
  55. Vandebuerie, F., Vanden Eynde, B., Vandenberghe, K., and Hespel, P. Effect of creatine loading on endurance capacity and sprint power in cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1998;19(7):490-495. PubMed
  56. Juhn, M. S. and Tarnopolsky, M. Oral creatine supplementation and athletic performance: a critical review. Clin J Sport Med 1998;8(4):286-297. PubMed
  57. Vandenberghe K, Van Hecke P, Van Leemputte M, and et al. Inhibition of muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis by caffeine after creatine loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(5 Supplement):249.
  58. Ziegenfuss T, Lowery LM, and Lemon PW. Acute fluid volume changes in men during three days of creatine supplementation. J Exerc Physiol Online 1998;1(3): .
  59. Kuehl K, Goldberg L, and Elliot D. Renal insufficiency after creatine supplementation in a college football athlete. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30(5 Suppl ):S235. DOI
  60. Balsom PD, Ekblom B, Soderlund K, and et al. Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent excercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1993;3:143-149.
  61. Kirksey KB, Warren BJ, Stone MH, and et al. The effects of six weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation in male and female track athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(5 Suppl):S145.
  62. Kreider R, Ransom J, Rasmussen C, and et al. Creatine supplementation during pre-season football does not affect markers of renal function. 83rd Annual Experimental Biology Meeting 1999;
  63. Rasmussen C, Kreider R, Ransom J, and et al. Creatine supplementation during pre-season football training does not affect fluid or electrolyte status. 46th Annual American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting 1999; DOI
  64. Tan CW, Hae Tha M, Joo Ng H. Creatine supplementation and venous thrombotic events. Am J Med 2014;127(8):e7-8. PubMed
  65. Young C, Oladipo O, Frasier S, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in young healthy male following use of sports supplement Jack3d. Mil Med 2012;177(12):1450-4. PubMed
  66. Vilella AL, Limsuwat C, Williams DR, Seifert CF. Cholestatic jaundice as a result of combination designer supplement ingestion. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47(7-8):e33. PubMed
  67. Li N, Hauser R, Holford T, et al. Muscle-building supplement use and increased risk of testicular germ cell cancer in men from Connecticut and Massachusetts. Br J Cancer 2015;112(7):1247-50. PubMed
  68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers - North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998
  69. Litsky F. Collegiate wrestling deaths raise fears about training. The New York Times. December 19, 1997. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/sports/wrestling-collegiate-wrestling-deaths-raise-fears-about-training.html.
  70. The Associated Press. Creatine ruled out in athletes' deaths. The New York Times. May 2, 1998. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/02/sports/plus-college-wrestling-creatine-ruled-out-in-athletes-deaths.html.
  71. Creatine in the dock. Men's Fitness Magazine (Australia). September 2013. Available at: http://www.mensfitnessmagazine.com.au/2013/09/creatine-in-the-dock/.
  72. Galvan E, Walker Dk, Simbo SY, et al. Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Mar 31;13:12. PubMed
  73. Deminice R, Rosa FT, Pfrimer K, Ferrioli E, Jorao AA, Freitas E. Creatine supplementation increases total body water in soccer players: a deuterium oxide dilution study. Int J Sports Med. 2016 Feb;37(2):149-53. PubMed
  74. Wilkinson TJ, Lemmy AB, Jones AG, et al. Can creatine supplementation improve body composition and objective physical function in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? A randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Jun;68(6):729-37. PubMed
  75. Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creating supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:18.
  76. de Guingand DL, Palmer KR, Snow RJ, Davies-Tuck ML, Ellery SJ. Risk of adverse outcomes in females taking oral creatine monohydrate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):E1780. PubMed
  77. Almeida D, Colombini A, Machado M. Creatine supplementation improves performance, but is it safe? Double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020;60(7):1034-9. PubMed
  78. Mills S, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Neary JP, Ormsbee MJ, Antonio J. Effects of creatine supplementation during resistance training sessions in physically active young adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1880. PubMed
  79. Whinton AK, Donahoe K, Gao R, et al. Repeated application of a novel creatine cream improves muscular peak and average power in male subjects. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(9):2482-2491. PubMed
  80. Dover S, Stephens S, Schneiderman JE, et al. The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle function in childhood myositis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility study. J Rheumatol. 2020:jrheum.191375. PubMed
  81. Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Landeryou T, Kaviani M, Paus-Jenssen L. Effects of creatine and resistance training on bone health in postmenopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(8):1587-95. PubMed
  82. Forbes SC, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Roberts MD, Chilibeck PD. Meta-analysis examining the importance of creatine ingestion strategies on lean tissue mass and strength in older adults. Nutrients 2021;13(6):1912. PubMed
  83. Silva C, Fung AWS, Masson V, et al. Vitamin D toxicity from an unusual and unexpected source: a report of 2 cases. Horm Res Paediatr 2022. PubMed
  84. Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, Forbes SC, Candow DG, Santos HO. Influence of age, sex, and type of exercise on the efficacy of creatine supplementation on lean body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition 2022;103- PubMed
  85. Todorovic N, Korovljev D, Stajer V, Jorga J, Ostojic SM. Creatine consumption and liver disease manifestations in individuals aged 12?years and over. Food Sci Nutr 2022;11(2):1134-1141. PubMed
  86. Robles EL, Pache KM, Gluck JS. Acute compartment syndrome of the leg caused by cocaine use, creatine supplementation and vigorous exercise. J Surg Case Rep 2022;2022(11):rjac502. PubMed

See these in context on the Creatine monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team