Bronchial Clear Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Bronchial Clear against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Bronchial Clear is a dietary supplement by Terry Naturally with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis prevention, dietary calcium deficiency, heartburn relief (calcium carbonate antacids).Based on those ingredients, 742 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Thyme Leaf Extract, Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract, Calcium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Bronchial Clear contains three active ingredients. Calcium supports bone strength and several body functions — in this context, it's likely included for general nutritional support.
Thyme leaf extract and climbing ivy leaf extract (also called English ivy) are herbal components traditionally used in respiratory formulas. The product also contains several inactive ingredients — fillers, binders, and capsule materials like microcrystalline cellulose, gum arabic, and magnesium stearate — that help form and preserve the tablet.
Does it work?
Insufficient evidence
The evidence on whether this product works for its intended purpose isn't established in the data we hold. Thyme leaf extract and climbing ivy leaf extract both show insufficient reliable evidence to rate for bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, and other respiratory concerns.
Calcium itself is effective for kidney failure, indigestion (dyspepsia), low blood calcium (hypocalcemia), high potassium (hyperkalemia), and is likely effective for osteoporosis — but those are separate from what this bronchial formula is marketed to do. If you're considering this product for a respiratory issue, talk with your pharmacist about what the current evidence actually supports.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
When taken at recommended amounts, calcium is generally well tolerated. Most common side effects from taking it by mouth are belching, constipation, diarrhea, gas, and stomach upset.
Rare but serious concerns include kidney stones and a condition called calciphylaxis. There's also some concern that very high doses of calcium — over 1500 to 2000 mg daily — might increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer or cardiovascular disease, though research on this is mixed and has been criticized.
Thyme leaf extract is generally well tolerated as food and in tea, though concentrated essential oil can be toxic if swallowed; common side effects when used medicinally include allergic reactions, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Climbing ivy leaf extract seems generally well tolerated, though the raw plant is toxic — stick to the standardized extract only.
Most common side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
If you take dolutegravir (Tivicay), elvitegravir (Vitekta), or receive intravenous ceftriaxone (Rocephin), stop and check with your pharmacist before using this product — these are major-severity interactions. You should also double-check if you take raltegravir (Isentress), levothyroxine (Synthroid), sotalol (Betapace), calcipotriene (Dovonex), or diltiazem (Cardizem).
If you take any medications metabolized by your liver through the CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP2C8 pathways, or any blood thinners, estrogen therapy, or certain heart or nerve medications, mention this product to your pharmacist to be safe.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product is worth discussing with your pharmacist before you start, especially if you take any prescription medications — the calcium alone interacts with HIV drugs, antibiotics, thyroid medication, heart medications, and others. Calcium is generally well tolerated at normal doses, but very high intakes carry some risks.
The herbs in this formula lack strong evidence for respiratory benefits, so ask your pharmacist whether the ingredients match what you're trying to treat.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Bronchial Clear, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Terry Naturally |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 367703206093 |
| Net contents | 90 Tablet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 14, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 304495 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | 46 mg | 4% |
| Proprietary Complex | 250 mg | -- |
| Thyme Leaf Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Gum Arabic, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Maltodextrin, Stearic Acid, Silica, Glaze, Hypromellose, Triacetin, Glycerin, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Money-back guarantee
#1 German formula
It's clearly the best! For your good health Terry
Formulation
Bronchial Clear is the best choice for non-drowsy, non-jittery bronchial and lung support! Soothing support Non-drowsy, non-jittery Non-habit forming
Supports healthy lung & upper respiratory function
No sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, dairy products, artificial coloring, artificial flavoring or artificial preservatives. Non-GMO
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommendations: Adults: 1 tablet 3 times daily. Children (ages 6-12): 1 tablet twice daily.
Precautions
If pregnant or nursing, consult a healthcare practitioner before use.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formula
Great for adults & children
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Calcium
Interacts with168 drugs
Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...
Calcium monograph & interactionsProprietary Complex
Other (inactive) ingredients: Gum Arabic, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Maltodextrin, Stearic Acid, Silica, Glaze, Hypromellose, Triacetin, Glycerin, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally contains three active ingredients, and the product does interact with a number of medications.
Calcium, the first ingredient, has the most significant interactions. The single most serious concern is with dolutegravir (Tivicay), an HIV medication — calcium can reduce dolutegravir levels by almost 40%, which could compromise your treatment.
You'd need to space these doses carefully: take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after calcium. The same major-severity concern applies to elvitegravir (Vitekta), another HIV integrase inhibitor, and to ceftriaxone (Rocephin), an antibiotic given by IV — calcium can form dangerous precipitates in your lungs and kidneys if mixed with intravenous ceftriaxone, so you must avoid IV calcium within 48 hours of that antibiotic.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Calcium also interacts with several other medications at moderate severity. These include raltegravir (Isentress, another HIV drug), levothyroxine (Synthroid, for thyroid disease), sotalol (Betapace, a heart rhythm medication), calcipotriene (Dovonex, a vitamin D cream for psoriasis), and diltiazem (Cardizem, a heart medication).
With levothyroxine especially, spacing matters — separate the two by at least 4 hours. The herb thyme leaf extract in this product theoretically might interact with estrogens, blood thinners (anticoagulants) and antiplatelet drugs, and certain heart or nerve medications, though none of these effects have been confirmed in people.
Climbing ivy leaf extract may theoretically increase levels of certain drugs that your liver metabolizes through specific pathways (CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2C8 enzymes), though again this has not been observed in humans.
Altogether, these interactions span 737 individual medications. Please check your exact medications with the search tool on this page before starting Bronchial Clear.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Bronchial Clear?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Bronchial Clear interact with 742 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 3 ingredients in Bronchial Clear interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Thyme Leaf Extract Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract Calcium
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, OpiumHista-Derfule
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineNorel Plus
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Liquid Gels, Children's Tylenol Cold, Codimal, Comtrex, Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus, Lorsin +3 more
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, CodeineAcetazone Forte C8, Parafon Forte C8
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, CodeineTylenol No.3, Tylenol w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Codeine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, DoxylamineMersyndol
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionThyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, MethocarbamolAcetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol, Robaxacet 8
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionAcetaminophen, DextromethorphanTylenol Cough Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineVicks NyQuil
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionThyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylephrineConar-A
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylpropanolamineAnatuss
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PseudoephedrineRobitussin Cold, Severe Cold, Suphedrine Cold/Cough
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, PyrilamineTheracaps
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionThyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Flu Liquid Gels, Non Aspirin Cold Caps, Tylenol Cold, Tylenol Flu Daytime Ex Strength, Tylenol Flu Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, DiphenhydramineTylenol PM, Tylenol PM Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine interactionAcetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Allergy, Cold Control, Contac Night Allergy Relief
How Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineEx Strength Tylenol Sinus Nighttime
How Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, HydrocodoneAnexsia, Anodynos DHC, Azdone, Co-Gesic, Doucet, Lorcet +9 more
How Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interactionAcetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAcetaminophen, MeperidineDemerol APAP
How Acetaminophen, Meperidine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Meperidine interactionAcetaminophen, OxycodonePercocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Xartemis XR
How Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Phenylephrine, ChlorpheniramineSuper Cold Tabs
How Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interactionAcetaminophen, PropoxypheneDarvocet-N 100, Darvocet-N 50, E-Lor, Wygesic
How Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Climbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interactionAcetylcholineMiochol-E
How Acetylcholine interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractCholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetylcholine interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAclidinium BromideTudorza Pressair
How Aclidinium Bromide interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Aclidinium Bromide interactionAclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate DihydrateDuaklir Pressair
How Aclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Aclidinium Bromide, Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate interactionAerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, GlycopyrrolateBreztri
How Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interacts with Bronchial Clear — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf ExtractAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionClimbing Ivy Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract + Aerosphere Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Bronchial Clear with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Thyme Leaf Extract
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Climbing Ivy Leaf Extract
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C8 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Calcium
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.
Aluminum
Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.
Lithium
Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.
Raltegravir (Isentress)
Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.
Sotalol (Betapace)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.
Thiazide Diuretics
Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.
Verapamil (Calan, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Bronchial Clear, from the product label.
Terry Naturally
See all Terry Naturally products- Name
- EuroPharma, Inc.
- City
- Green Bay
- State
- WI
- ZipCode
- 54311
- Phone Number
- (866) 807-2731
- Web Address
- EuroPharmaUSA.com
Bronchial Clear by Terry Naturally: Common Questions
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The Full Monographs Behind Bronchial Clear’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Calcium
Interacts with 168 drugsCalcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...
Read the full Calcium monograph → Herb & supplement monographThyme
Interacts with 379 drugsThyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...
Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monographEnglish Ivy
Interacts with 280 drugsEnglish ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many European herbal products. Some research...
Read the full English Ivy monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Bronchial Clear's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 93 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Calcium 62 references
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- Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
- Clemens JD, Feinstein AR. Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia. Gastroenterology 1977;72:957-61. DOI
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- Koo WK, Walters JC, Esterlitz J, et al. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:577-82. DOI
- Raman L, Rajalakshmi K, Krishnamachari KAVR, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:466-9. DOI
- Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
- Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, et al. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-66.
- Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595. PubMed
- Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750. PubMed
- Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9. PubMed
- Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5. PubMed
- Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12.. PubMed
- Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
- Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
- Decktor DL, Robinson M, Maton PN, et al. Effects of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate on esophageal and gastric pH in subjects with heartburn. Am J Ther 1995;2:546-52. PubMed
- Simoneau G. Absence of rebound effect with calcium carbonate. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996;21:351-7. PubMed
- Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
- Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.
- Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s. PubMed
- Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6. PubMed
- Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96. PubMed
- Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1147-54. PubMed
- Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD003548. PubMed
- Tavani A, Bertuccio P, Bosetti C, et al. Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2005;48:27-33. PubMed
- Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:203-10. PubMed
- Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
- Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised control trial. BMJ 2008;336:262-6.
- Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691. PubMed
- Calcium supplementation and vascular events. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(3):240306.
- Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
- Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11. PubMed
- Bradley JS, Wassel RT, Lee L, et al. Intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium in the neonate: assessing the risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e609-13. PubMed
- Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9. PubMed
- Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466. DOI
- Dickinson, H. O., Nicolson, D. J., Cook, J. V., Campbell, F., Beyer, F. R., Ford, G. A., and Mason, J. Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(2):CD004639. PubMed
- Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172. PubMed
- Levine, M., Nikkanen, H., and Pallin, D. J. The effects of intravenous calcium in patients with digoxin toxicity. J Emerg.Med. 2011;40(1):41-46. PubMed
- Castelo-Branco, C., Ciria-Recasens, M., Cancelo-Hidalgo, M. J., Palacios, S., Haya-Palazuelos, J., Carbonell-Abello, J., Blanch-Rubio, J., Martinez-Zapata, M. J., Manasanch, J., and Perez-Edo, L. Efficacy of ossein-hydroxyapatite complex compared with ca
- Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation i
- Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z. Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 25. PubMed
- Nolan CR, Califano JR, Butzin CA. Influence of calcium acetate or calcium citrate on intestinal aluminum absorption. Kidney Int. 1990;38(5):937-41. PubMed
- Lewis JR, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Rejnmark L, et al. The effects of calcium supplementation on verified coronary heart disease hospitalization and death in postmenopausal women: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bone Miner Res PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
- Grove ML, Cook D. Calcium and heart attacks. Doesn't apply to most calcium prescriptions. BMJ. 2010;341:c5003. PubMed
- Insentress [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; 2014.
- Roberts JL, Kiser JJ, Hindman JT, Meditz AL. Virologic failure with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral regimen and concomitant calcium administration. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(10):298e-302e. DOI
- Vitekta [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014.
- Storan ER, O'Gorman SM, Murphy A, Laing M. Case Report of Calciphylaxis Secondary to Calcium and Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(2):162-163. DOI
- Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for CVD prevention and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71(22):2570-84. PubMed
- Borkenhagen JF, Connor EL, Stafstrom CE. Neonatal hypocalcemic seizures due to excessive maternal calcium ingestion. Pediatr Neurol 2013;48(6):469-71. PubMed
- WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 (http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/ anc-positive-pregnancy-experience/en/).
- Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, et al. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(1):87-117. PubMed
- Lan T, Park Y, Colditz GA, et al. Adolescent dairy product and calcium intake in relation to later prostate cancer risk and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2020;31(10):891-904. PubMed
- Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Association of Vitamin D or Calcium Supplementation with Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2021;25(2):263-270. PubMed
- Myung SK, Kim HB, Lee YJ, Choi YJ, Oh SW. Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021;13(2):368. PubMed
- Hetaimish B. Neonatal Calcinosis Cutis After Treatment of Hypocalcemia with Calcium Gluconate: A Report of 2 Cases. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e943397. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Thyme 18 references
- Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. PubMed
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Okazaki K, Kawazoe K, Takaishi Y. Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Phytother Res 2002;16:398-9. .
- Spiewak R, Skorska C, Dutkiewicz J. Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:235-9. . PubMed
- Ernst E, Marz R, Sieder C. A controlled multi-centre study of herbal versus synthetic secretolytic drugs for acute bronchitis. Phytomedicine 1997;4:287-93. PubMed
- Yamamoto J, Yamada K, Naemura A, et al. Testing various herbs for antithrombotic effect. Nutrition 2005;21(5):580-7. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
- Mackiewicz, B., Skorska, C., Dutkiewicz, J., Michnar, M., Milanowski, J., Prazmo, Z., Krysinska-Traczyk, E., and Cisak, E. Allergic alveolitis due to herb dust exposure. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999;6(2):167-170.
- Martinez-Gonzalez, M. C., Goday Bujan, J. J., Martinez, Gomez W., and Fonseca, Capdevila E. Concomitant allergic contact dermatitis due to Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme). Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(1):49-50.
- Jukic, M., Politeo, O., Maksimovic, M., Milos, M., and Milos, M. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. Phytother.Res 2007;21(3):259-261.
- Marzian, O. [Treatment of acute bronchitis in children and adolescents. Non-interventional postmarketing surveillance study confirms the benefit and safety of a syrup made of extracts from thyme and ivy leaves]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 6-28-2007;149(27-28 Suppl
- Cuzzolin, L. and Benoni, G. Attitudes and knowledge toward natural products safety in the pharmacy setting: an Italian study. Phytother.Res 2009;23(7):1018-1023. PubMed
- Berova, N., Stransky, L., and Krasteva, M. Studies on contact dermatitis in stomatological staff. Dermatol.Monatsschr. 1990;176(1):15-18.
- Smeenk, G., Kerckhoffs, H. P., and Schreurs, P. H. Contact allergy to a reaction product in Hirudoid cream: an example of compound allergy. Br.J Dermatol. 1987;116(2):223-231.
- Le Roy, R., Grosshans, E., and Foussereau, J. [Investigation of contact allergies in 100 cases of ulcus cruris (author's transl)]. Derm.Beruf.Umwelt. 1981;29(6):168-170.
- Lorenzi, S., Placucci, F., Vincenzi, C., Bardazzi, F., and Tosti, A. Allergic contact dermatitis due to thymol. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):439-440. PubMed
- Bahadoran P, Rokni FK, Fahami F. Investigating the therapeutic effect of vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme compared to clotrimazole cream for the treatment of mycotic vaginitis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010;15(Suppl 1):343-9.
- Erol S, Aydin B, Dilli D, Okumus N, Zenciroglu A, Gündüz M. An interesting newborn case of fructose 1-6 diphosphatase deficiency triggered after thyme juice ingestion. Clin Lab. 2014;60(1):151-3. PubMed
English Ivy 13 references
- Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
- Fazio S, Pouso J, Dolinsky D, et al. Tolerance, safety and efficacy of Hedera helix extract in inflammatory bronchial diseases under clinical practice conditions: a prospective, open, multicentre postmarketing study in 9657 patients. Phytomedicine 2009;16 PubMed
- García M, Fernández E, Navarro JA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from Hedera helix L. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(2):133-4.
- Hausen BM, Brohan J, Konig WA, et al. Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis from falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol in common ivy (Hedera helix L.). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(1):1-9.
- Mitchell, J. C. Allergic contact dermatitis from Hedera helix and Brassaia actinophylla (Araliaceae). Contact Dermatitis 1981;7(3):158-159.
- Boyle J, Harman RM. Contact dermatitis to Hedera helix (common ivy). Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(2):111-112. PubMed
- Yesudian PD, Franks A. Contact dermatitis from Hedera helix in a husband and wife. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):125-126.
- Bregnbak D, Menné T, Johansen JD. Airborne contact dermatitis caused by common ivy (Hedera helix L. ssp. helix). Contact Dermatitis. 2015;72(4):243-4.
- Jones JM, White IR, White JM, McFadden JP. Allergic contact dermatitis to English ivy (Hedera helix)--a case series. Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Mar;60(3):179-80.
- Lurquin E, Swinnen I, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Hedera helix arborescens and not by Hedera helix L. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(6):352-3.
- Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Andersen KE. Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present, and future. Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(4):201-9.
- Rehman SU, Kim IS, Choi MS, Kim SH, Zhang Y, Yoo HH. Time-dependent Inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP2C19 by Hedera helix Extracts, A Traditional Respiratory Herbal Medicine. Molecules. 2017;22(7). PubMed
- Kruttschnitt E, Wegener T, Zahner C, Henzen-Bücking S. Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Ivy Leaf (Hedera helix) Cough Syrup Compared with Acetylcysteine in Adults and Children with Acute Bronchitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 May 4;2
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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