Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

MTX Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MM Sports Nutrition

MTX label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking MTX against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

MTX is a dietary supplement by MM Sports Nutrition with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health, joint and arthritis support, hormone (testosterone/estrogen) support.Based on those ingredients, 1,050 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are BioPerine(R). Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against MTX by MM Sports Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with MTX by MM Sports Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of MTX by MM Sports Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “MTX Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (940 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Mytosterone(R)” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

MTX contains 5 active ingredients: D-Aspartic Acid, saw palmetto berry extract, boron citrate, astaxanthin extract, and black pepper extract (BioPerine). These are blended as proprietary formulas within the product to support the branded ingredients Mytosterone.

The capsule also contains inactive ingredients — magnesium stearate, rice powder, and gelatin — which are fillers and binders that help hold the capsule together.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: testosterone support for healthy adult males.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Boron deficiency, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Male infertility — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Boron is rated "Likely Effective" for Boron deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Boron is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Saw Palmetto is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The evidence for this product's individual ingredients is mixed and limited. Saw palmetto is possibly ineffective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate), the condition it's most often used for, though it's possibly effective for symptoms after prostate surgery (TURP).

For other uses like hair loss or chronic bronchitis, there isn't enough reliable evidence to rate it. Boron is likely effective for correcting boron deficiency but only possibly effective for vaginal yeast infections and possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Astaxanthin and black pepper don't have established evidence for the conditions they're typically marketed for — the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate them for everything from cognitive decline to athletic performance.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Boron Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Saw palmetto is generally well tolerated, though mild side effects like abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache, and nausea can occur. Rarely, it's been linked to fixed drug eruptions (skin blisters) and heart rhythm changes.

Boron is generally safe at low doses but can cause anorexia, indigestion, and skin irritation at higher doses; very high doses are toxic. Astaxanthin appears well tolerated overall but may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stool.

Black pepper is generally well tolerated as a food spice or single dose; occasional side effects are a burning aftertaste and indigestion. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: saw palmetto is likely unsafe — avoid it during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Boron supplements are possibly unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided; safety while breastfeeding is limited. Astaxanthin hasn't been studied enough in pregnancy or breastfeeding — the safest approach is to avoid it.

Black pepper at food amounts is likely safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, but safety of concentrated supplements is less clear — discuss with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Boron Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, Saw Palmetto, Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,051 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking MTX, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any of these: blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (because of saw palmetto's bleeding risk), estrogens or hormonal contraceptives (saw palmetto may weaken them), phenytoin or other seizure medications (black pepper may raise levels significantly), propranolol or other heart/blood pressure drugs (black pepper may increase levels), theophylline or certain asthma medications, rifampin or nevirapine (antibiotics or antivirals — black pepper may raise levels), cyclosporine, atorvastatin, or pentobarbital. Additionally, any medication metabolized through your liver's CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways may be affected by astaxanthin, though this hasn't been confirmed in humans.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

MTX is best considered by people interested in the specific roles of its ingredients — saw palmetto for prostate support, boron for mineral supplementation, and astaxanthin as an antioxidant — but evidence for most uses is limited or insufficient. If you take any regular medication, especially blood thinners, seizure drugs, heart drugs, antibiotics, or antivirals, you must check this product against your exact medications before starting it, because the interactions can be significant.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding require extra caution; talk with your doctor or pharmacist first. Always discuss any new supplement with your own healthcare provider, especially if you have an existing health condition or take multiple drugs.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 27, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about MTX, straight from the product label.

Brand MM Sports Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 691381254306
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 27, 2014
DSLD ID 37032
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for MTX by MM Sports Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
691381254306
IngredientAmount% DV
D-Aspartic Acid0 NP--
Saw Palmetto berry extract0 NP--
Boron Citrate0 NP--
MTX Proprietary Blend940 mg--
Mytosterone(R)0 NP--
Astaxanthin extract0 NP--
BioPerine(R)0 NP--

Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Rice powder, Gelatin Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

- PROVIDES CLINICALLY VALIDATED DOSES OF MYTOSTERONE(R)

MTX’s innovative and evidence-based formula is driven by the premier patented ingredient Mytosterone(R). Mytosterone(R) has been shown in published rigorous clinical studies to significantly increase testosterone levels in healthy men.

Mytosterone(R) is a Registered Trademark and Patented Product of Triarco Industries and ins protected by U. S. Patent No. 6,227,417. BioPerine(R) is a Registered Trademark and Patented Product of Sabinsa, Inc.

Formula

MTX was formulated to provide men with maximum testosterone support.

MTX delivers clinically validated doses of Mytosterone(R) along with D-Aspartic Acid, BioPerine(R) and Boron to get the results you expect from a top-shelf MMSN product.

This product is only intended to be taken by healthy adult males, 21 years of age and older.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.

WARNING: Consult a physician before starting any diet and exercise program and before using this product.

Not intended for women. Do not take this product if you have prostate hypertrophy, liver disease, kidney or heart disease. Discontinue use and call a physician or licensed qualified health care professional immediately if you experience unexpected side effects.

If taking prescription medications, consult a licensed healthcare practitioner prior to use.

ALLERGY INFORMATION: Manufactured in a cGMP facility that processes milk, egg, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, wheat and soybeans.

Storage

STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE AWAY FROM MOISTURE, SUNLIGHT AND EXCESS HEAT. ALWAYS KEEP TIGHTLY SEALED.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Cycle: Min. Cycle: Continuous use for 6 weeks Max. Cycle: Continuous use for 12 weeks Off Cycle: Non-use for 4 weeks

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take two (2) capsules in the morning and two (2) capsules in the evening. Take with a full glass of water on an empty stomach.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

QIG QUALITY INGREDIENTS GUARANTEED

MM SPORTS NUTRITION(R)

MAXMUSCLE MADE IN THE USA

General

70-05-172 06313

General Statements

ADVANCED CLINICAL TESTOSTERONE SUPPORT

- Promotes Significant Increases in Testosterone Levels - Supports Reductions in Serum Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) - Results Within 3 Days

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

MTX by MM Sports Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

MTX label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in MTX by MM Sports Nutrition

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

MTX Proprietary Blend

940 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Rice powder, Gelatin Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

MTX by MM Sports Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against MTX?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,050Drugs
1,009 Moderate 41 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

BioPerine(R) 1,019

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in MTX interact with 1,050 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 4 ingredients in MTX interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. BioPerine(R)

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in MTX with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

BioPerine(R)17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
BioPerine(R) full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for MTX, from the product label.

MM Sports Nutrition

See all MM Sports Nutrition products
Name
Max Muscle Sports Nutrition
Street Address
210 W. Taft Ave.
City
Orange
State
CA
ZipCode
92865
Web Address
www.maxmuscle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

MTX by MM Sports Nutrition: Common Questions

Does MTX by MM Sports Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, MTX has a known interaction with 1,050 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
MTX contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on birth control?
Not without checking with your doctor or pharmacist first. Saw palmetto in this product may reduce how well birth control works by interfering with estrogen. Your doctor can tell you whether it's safe to combine them or if you need an alternative.
Is this safe while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Saw palmetto is likely unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Boron and astaxanthin also aren't recommended — safety data don't support their use in pregnancy or while nursing. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's appropriate for you during this time.
What is saw palmetto used for?
Saw palmetto is traditionally used for prostate and urinary symptoms, but evidence suggests it's not very effective for enlarged prostate. It may help with symptoms after prostate surgery, though the evidence is limited.
What does astaxanthin do?
Astaxanthin is an antioxidant pigment, but we don't have reliable evidence that it works for the conditions it's marketed for — such as skin aging, eye health, or athletic performance — so the data we hold don't establish its effectiveness.
Can this increase the effects of my medications?
Yes, potentially. Black pepper (BioPerine) can boost blood levels of several medications by slowing how your body clears them — sometimes doubling levels in the case of seizure drugs. That's why checking your exact medications against this product is essential.
What are the most common side effects?
From saw palmetto, the most frequent mild side effects are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache, and nausea. Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain or diarrhea. Black pepper can leave a burning aftertaste and cause indigestion. Serious side effects are rare but have been reported.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

MTX label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind MTX’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Boron

Boron is a trace mineral found in many plant foods and sold as a supplement, mainly promoted for bone, joint, and hormone health. The human evidence for most of these uses is limited or prel...

Read the full Boron monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

MTX's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 60 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Saw Palmetto 22 references
  1. Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9. PubMed
  2. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40. DOI
  3. Di Silverio F, D'Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14. PubMed
  4. Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther 1999;16:231-41.
  5. Cheema P, El-Mefty O, Jazieh AR. Intraoperative haemorrhage associated with the use of extract of Saw Palmetto herb: a case report and review of literature. J Intern Med 2001;250:167-9. PubMed
  6. Jibrin I, Erinle A, Saidi A, Aliyu ZY. Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South Med J 2006;99:611-2. PubMed
  7. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
  8. Avins AL, Bent S, Staccone S, et al. A detailed safety assessment of a saw palmetto extract. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:147-54. PubMed
  9. Morgia, G., Mucciardi, G., Gali, A., Madonia, M., Marchese, F., Di, Benedetto A., Romano, G., Bonvissuto, G., Castelli, T., Macchione, L., and Magno, C. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus
  10. Aliaev, IuG, Vinarov, A. Z., Lokshin, K. L., and Spivak, L. G. [Efficiency and safety of prostamol-Uno in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis]. Urologiia. 2006;(1):47-50.
  11. Agbabiaka, T. B., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto): a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):637-647. PubMed
  12. Wargo, K. A., Allman, E., and Ibrahim, F. A possible case of saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South.Med.J. 2010;103(7):683-685. PubMed
  13. Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Giocaliere, E., Vietri, M., Baronti, R., Pieraccini, G., Tafi, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., and Vannacci, A. Acute liver damage due to Serenoa repens: a case report. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):558-560.
  14. Mantovani, F. Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hypertrophy: analysis of 2 Italian studies. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(4):335-340.
  15. Hanaka, M., Yoshii, C., Yatera, K., Ito, C., Chojin, Y., Nagata, S., Yamasaki, K., Nishida, C., Kawanami, T., Kawanami, Y., Ishimoto, H., and Mukae, H. [A case of rhabdomyolysis caused by saw palmetto of healthy foods]. J.UOEH. 6-1-2012;34(2):193-199. PubMed
  16. Miroddi, M., Carni, A., Mannucci, C., Moleti, M., Navarra, M., and Calapai, G. Hot flashes in a young girl: a wake-up call concerning Serenoa repens use in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(5):e1374-e1376.
  17. Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(7):776-785. DOI
  18. Jipescu D, Patel A, Bohra H, Pientka A. Rare case of saw palmetto induced heart block. JACC 2017;69(11) supplement:2310.
  19. Morabito P, Miroddi M, Giovinazzo S, Spina E, Calapai G. Serenoa repens as an endocrine disruptor in a 10-year-Old young girl: a new case report. Pharmacology. 2015;96(1-2):41-3. doi: 10.1159/000431327.
  20. Gammoudi R, Ameur K, Ouni B, et al. Fixed drug eruption to Serenoa repens: first case report and consideration of the use of herbal medicine. Dermatol Ther 2020 Aug 29:e14247.
  21. Paulis G, Paulis A, Perletti G. Serenoa repens and its effects on male sexual function. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021;93(4):475-480. PubMed
  22. Venkateswaran S, Declet-Bauzo R, Shodeinde M, Gilford P. Postoperative Retroperitoneal Hematoma: A Case of Saw Palmetto and the Importance of Primary Care Intervention. HCA Healthc J Med 2020;1(5):279-282. PubMed

See these in context on the Saw Palmetto monograph →

Boron 6 references
  1. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  3. Thai L, Hart LL. Boric acid vaginal suppositories. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1355-7.
  4. Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93:55-6. PubMed
  5. Garabrant, D. H., Bernstein, L., Peters, J. M., and Smith, T. J. Respiratory and eye irritation from boron oxide and boric acid dusts. J Occup Med 1984;26(8):584-586. PubMed
  6. Hjelm C, Harari F, Vahter M. Pre- and postnatal environmental boron exposure and infant growth: results from a mother-child cohort in northern Argentina. Environ Res 2019;171:60-8. PubMed

See these in context on the Boron monograph →

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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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