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Dietary supplement

Muscle Calmer Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Herb Pharm

Muscle Calmer label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Muscle Calmer against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Muscle Calmer is a dietary supplement by Herb Pharm with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for hot flashes and night sweats, other menopause symptoms, mood changes during menopause.Based on those ingredients, 980 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract, Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried, Cayenne Pepper Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (627 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Muscle Calmer is a liquid formula with six active ingredients. Black cohosh rhizome provides the botanical traditionally used for muscle tension and related discomfort.

Skullcap flowering aerial parts, lobelia seed, myrrh oleo-gum-resin, and skunk cabbage rhizome and root round out the blend, while cayenne pepper extract (capsicum) adds circulation support. The liquid base includes cane alcohol, distilled water, and vinegar as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: musculoskeletal system support and muscle relaxation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Back pain, Muscle cramps, Myofascial pain syndrome, Neck pain, Osteoarthritis, Sciatica — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Capsicum is rated "Possibly Effective" for Back pain (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Capsicum is rated "Possibly Effective" for Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Myrrh is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Back pain, Muscle cramps, Sciatica.

Black cohosh is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, though evidence for its role in muscle tension specifically is not rated in our data. The other five active ingredients—skullcap, lobelia, myrrh, skunk cabbage, and cayenne pepper—do not have effectiveness ratings established in the data we hold for muscle tension or related muscle conditions.

Cayenne pepper extract (capsicum) is rated likely effective for postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy, and possibly effective for back pain, so it may offer some pain-relief benefit if that's part of your concern. For the product's overall purpose, the evidence is not established in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Cohosh Skullcap Lobelia Myrrh Skunk Cabbage Capsicum

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Black cohosh is generally well tolerated short-term but carries rare liver concerns, so medical guidance is wise before use. Common side effects include breast tenderness, dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal upset, tiredness, and rash.

Skullcap is often used short-term but evidence is limited and product quality varies; common effects include sedation, cognitive impairment, and digestive disturbances. Lobelia can be toxic at higher doses, causing nausea, vomiting, tremors, dizziness, and in severe cases tachycardia, low blood pressure, or worse.

Myrrh's oral safety is not well studied, though topical use is considered likely fine; it may cause diarrhea at higher doses. Skunk cabbage can cause severe mouth and throat irritation and burning.

Cayenne pepper is generally well tolerated in food amounts or extract doses up to 200 mg daily but commonly causes burning sensation, bloating, nausea, and diarrhea.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Cohosh Skullcap Lobelia Myrrh Skunk Cabbage Capsicum

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lobelia, Myrrh, Black Cohosh, Capsicum, Skullcap.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 981 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Muscle Calmer, double-check these medication types with your pharmacist: blood thinners (anticoagulants) and antiplatelet drugs like warfarin, antidepressants and serotonergic medications (moderate risk of an uncommon but serious condition called serotonin syndrome from black cohosh), sedatives and central nervous system depressants, diabetes medications, lithium (a psychiatric drug), estrogen therapy, and ciprofloxacin and theophylline. These represent the most serious documented interactions in the product's ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Muscle Calmer interacts with many common medications, especially blood thinners, antidepressants, diabetes drugs, and sedatives. If you take any prescription medication or have liver concerns, check with your pharmacist before starting this product.

Black cohosh, lobelia, and skunk cabbage are best avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data or toxicity risk. The evidence for this formula's effectiveness in muscle tension is not established in our data.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Muscle Calmer, straight from the product label.

Brand Herb Pharm
Barcode (UPC) 090900000286
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2024
DSLD ID 307807
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.7 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.7 mL
Servings per container
42
UPC/BARCODE
090900000286
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Extract Blend627 mg--
Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract0 NP--
Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried0 NP--
Lobelia Aerial Parts, Seed Extract, Fresh, Undried0 NP--
Myrrh Oleo-Gum-Resin Extract0 NP--
Skunk Cabbage Rhizome, Root Extract0 NP--
Cayenne Pepper Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled, Vinegar

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use Shake well before using Adults: Add 1 squeeze of the dropper bulb to 2 oz. of water or juice, 2 or 4 times per day. Best taken between meals.

Precautions

Caution: Seek expert medical advice before taking during pregnancy.

Keep out of the reach of children

Storage

Store away from heat & light

Formulation

System restoration Musculoskeletal

Gluten-free

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Muscle Calmer label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container42 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled, Vinegar. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Muscle Calmer?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
980Drugs
942 Moderate 38 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract 652
Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried 248
Cayenne Pepper Extract 239
Myrrh Oleo-Gum-Resin Extract 88
Lobelia Aerial Parts, Seed Extract, Fresh, Undried 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Muscle Calmer interact with 980 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in Muscle Calmer interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried Cayenne Pepper Extract Myrrh Oleo-Gum-Resin Extract Lobelia Aerial Parts, Seed Extract, Fresh, Undried

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Muscle Calmer with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract7 drug types · 652 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Taking black cohosh with atorvastatin might increase the risk for elevated liver function tests.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) developed significantly elevated liver function enzymes after starting black cohosh 100 mg four times daily. Liver enzymes returned to normal when black cohosh was discontinued. It is unclear whether the elevated liver enzymes were due to black cohosh itself or an interaction between atorvastatin and black cohosh.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, black cohosh may reduce the clinical effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that black cohosh might decrease the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on breast cancer cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Some clinical research suggests that black cohosh might modestly inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, contradictory clinical research shows a specific black cohosh product (Remifemin, Enzymatic Therapy) 40 mg twice daily does not significantly inhibit metabolism of a CYP2D6 substrate in healthy study volunteers. Until more is known, use black cohosh cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, black cohosh may alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that black cohosh has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that black cohosh might be linked to cases of liver failure and autoimmune hepatitis.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Black cohosh might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Black cohosh acts as an agonist at several serotonin receptor subtypes and might interact with other serotonergic medications. In one case, a 55-year-old female who had been on stable treatment with sertraline 50 mg and duloxetine 60 mg daily developed serotonin syndrome after taking black cohosh extract 40 mg daily for 3 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Black cohosh may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP2B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP2B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that black cohosh modestly inhibits OATP2B1. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Black Cohosh Rhizome with Rootlet Extract full monograph & interactions

Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Skullcap Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried full monograph & interactions

Cayenne Pepper Extract6 drug types · 239 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cayenne Pepper Extract full monograph & interactions

Myrrh Oleo-Gum-Resin Extract2 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, myrrh might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that myrrh has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, myrrh might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
In one case, a patient who was previously stable on warfarin had a significant decline in international normalized ratio (INR) following consumption of an aqueous extract of myrrh.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Myrrh Oleo-Gum-Resin Extract full monograph & interactions

Lobelia Aerial Parts, Seed Extract, Fresh, Undried1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Lobelia is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lobelia might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lobelia Aerial Parts, Seed Extract, Fresh, Undried full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Muscle Calmer, from the product label.

Herb Pharm

See all Herb Pharm products
Name
Herb Pharm
City
Williams
State
OR
ZipCode
97544
Phone Number
800-348-4372
Web Address
www.herb-pharm.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm: Common Questions

Does Muscle Calmer by Herb Pharm interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Muscle Calmer has a known interaction with 980 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Muscle Calmer contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Muscle Calmer safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No—several of its ingredients should be avoided. Black cohosh, lobelia, and myrrh carry safety concerns during pregnancy due to potential effects on the uterus or toxicity. Skullcap, skunk cabbage, and the safety of breastfeeding are not well studied for any of them. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before use.
What are the most common side effects?
Black cohosh often causes breast tenderness, dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal upset, and tiredness. Skullcap can cause sedation and digestive disturbances. Cayenne pepper commonly causes bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and a burning sensation. Lobelia may cause nausea, vomiting, and throat irritation even at low doses.
Can this product make me drowsy?
Yes—skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment, especially at higher doses. If you're using it, don't drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you, and let your pharmacist know if you're taking any sedating medications.
Does this work for muscle tension?
The evidence for this formula's effectiveness in muscle tension is not established in the data we hold. Black cohosh is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, and cayenne pepper is possibly effective for back pain, so there may be some benefit depending on your situation.
What is lobelia in here for, and is it safe?
Lobelia is a traditional ingredient for muscle-related discomfort, but it can be toxic, especially at higher doses—even 50 mg or above can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and tremors. At 600 mg or higher, it can cause sweating, rapid heart rate, and serious complications. Use this product only as directed and talk to your pharmacist about the dose.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Muscle Calmer label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Muscle Calmer’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Cohosh

Interacts with 652 drugs

Black cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from settled. It is generally well tolerated for short-t...

Read the full Black Cohosh monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Skullcap

Interacts with 248 drugs

American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...

Read the full Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lobelia

Interacts with 1 drug

Lobelia is a traditional herb once used for breathing problems and to help people quit smoking, but reliable evidence supporting these uses is lacking. It can be toxic in higher amounts, cau...

Read the full Lobelia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Myrrh

Interacts with 88 drugs

Myrrh is a fragrant gum resin from Commiphora trees that has long been used in mouthwashes, throat remedies, and skin care. Modern evidence for most of its uses is limited and comes mostly f...

Read the full Myrrh monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Skunk Cabbage

Skunk cabbage is a North American plant with a long history of traditional use for breathing and skin problems, but there is very little modern scientific evidence to support these uses or t...

Read the full Skunk Cabbage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Capsicum

Interacts with 239 drugs

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...

Read the full Capsicum monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Muscle Calmer's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 178 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Cohosh 68 references
  1. McFarlin BL, Gibson MH, O'Rear J, Harman P. A national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. Review of the literature and recommendations for practice. J Nurse Midwifery 1999;44:205-16. PubMed
  2. Whiting PW, Clouston A, Kerlin P. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2002;177:440-3. PubMed
  3. Pepping J. Black cohosh: Cimicifuga racemosa. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1400-2. PubMed
  4. Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther 1998;15:45-53.
  5. Kruse SO, Lohning A, Pauli GF, et al. Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid. Planta Med 1999;65:763-4.
  6. Jacobson JS, Troxel AB, Evans J, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2739-45. PubMed
  7. Gunn TR, Wright IM. The use of black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1996;109:410-1.
  8. Baillie N, Rasmussen P. Black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1997;110:20-1.
  9. Lontos S, Jones RM, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2003;179:390-1.. DOI
  10. Wuttke W, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Gorkow C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas 2003;44:S67-77. PubMed
  11. Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of the safety of black cohosh. Menopause 2003;10:58-64.. DOI
  12. Cohen SM, O'Connor AM, Hart J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Menopause 2004;11:575-7. PubMed
  13. Vitetta L, Thomsen M, Sali A. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2003;178:411-2.. PubMed
  14. Thomsen M, Vitetta L, Schmidt M, Sali A. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2004;180:598-600.. DOI
  15. Cohen B, Schardt D. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Letter to Food and Drug Administration. Commissioner Mark McClellan, MD, PhD. March 4, 2004.
  16. Seidlova-Wuttke D, Hesse O, Jarry H, et al. Evidence for selective estrogen receptor modulator activity in a black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) extract: comparison with estradiol-17beta. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;149:351-62. PubMed
  17. Rockwell S, Liu Y, Higgins SA. Alteration of the effects of cancer therapy agents on breast cancer cells by the herbal medicine black cohosh. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005;90:233-9. PubMed
  18. Levitsky J, Alli TA, Wisecarver J, Sorrell MF. Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:538-9. PubMed
  19. Cheong JL, Bucknall R. Retinal vein thrombosis associated with a herbal phytoestrogen preparation in a susceptible patient. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:266-7.. PubMed
  20. Nappi RE, Malavasi B, Brundu B, Facchinetti F. Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:30-5.
  21. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
  22. Minciullo PL, Saija A, Patafi M, et al. Muscle damage induced by black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). Phytomedicine 2006;13:115-8. PubMed
  23. Wuttke W, Gorkow C, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Effects of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and conjugated estrogens-controlled study. Men PubMed
  24. MHRA. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) - risk of liver problems. Herbal Safety News July 2006. Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary= true&ssDocName=CON2024131&ssTargetNodeId=663.
  25. Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, et al. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e257-61.
  26. Raus K, Brucker C, Gorkow C, Wuttke W. First-time proof of endometrial safety of the special black cohosh extract (Actaea or Cimicifuga racemosa extract) CR BNO 1055. Menopause 2006;13:678-91. PubMed
  27. Lynch CR, Folkers ME, Hutson WR. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report. Liver Transpl 2006;12:989-92. PubMed
  28. Bai W, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Wang S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product containing an isopropanolic black cohosh extract in Chinese women with menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double blind, parallel-controlled study versus tibol
  29. Meyer S, Vogt T, Obermann EC, et al. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by Cimicifuga racemosa. Dermatology 2007;214:94-6.
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See these in context on the Capsicum monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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