Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 11 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Nova-X Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Gaspari Nutrition

Nova-X label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Nova-X against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Nova-X is a dietary supplement by Gaspari Nutrition with 11 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle building and athletic performance, boosting testosterone or androgen levels, supporting libido.Based on those ingredients, 373 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Mucuna pruriens extract, Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract, Androsterone. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • “Diosterol brand Dioscorea nipponica makino 50-67:1 extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “DHT Inhibiting Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (210 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Pygeum africanum bark extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Nova-X contains 11 active ingredients. Androsterone is an androgenic hormone; Mucuna pruriens extract (cowhage) is a plant source of levodopa, an active compound related to dopamine; Saw Palmetto is a berry extract; and the product also includes 5a-Hydroxy Laxogenin, N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid, Iridoid Glycosides, Protodioscin, Progenin III, Diosgenin, Toxicodendron vernicifluum extract, and a DHT Inhibiting Complex (a blend of Pygeum africanum bark extract and 13% total Sterols).

The tablet also contains inactive ingredients including a LipoAbsorb Matrix with alcohol, glyceryl stearate, fatty acids, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, magnesium stearate, and colorants.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Saw Palmetto) (Natural Medicines).

The product facts we hold show insufficient reliable evidence to rate most of its ingredients for their intended uses. Androsterone is listed for fatigue, sexual dysfunction, obesity, age-related testosterone deficiency, and epilepsy, but none of these have established evidence.

Mucuna pruriens is similarly unrated for anxiety, erythema, high prolactin levels, muscle pain, Parkinson disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Saw Palmetto shows possibly ineffective evidence for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) and possibly effective evidence for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), though other uses like androgenic alopecia (male-pattern hair loss) lack sufficient evidence.

Overall, the evidence base for Nova-X's active ingredients does not establish clear effectiveness for typical supplement claims.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Androsterone Cowhage Pygeum Saw Palmetto

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Androsterone is a controlled anabolic-androgenic steroid that is illegal to sell as a dietary supplement in the U.S.; it is possibly unsafe orally and carries concern for serious side effects including heart disease and liver injury. It is not safe in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Mucuna pruriens contains L-dopa, an active drug-like compound that should be used carefully with professional guidance. The most common side effects from cowhage are diarrhea, flatulence, and mouth irritation, and some people have experienced nausea, headache, abdominal bloating, vomiting, dry mouth, and insomnia — about 3% of trial participants reported insomnia.

It is not safe in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding because L-dopa can lower prolactin and reduce milk supply. Saw Palmetto is generally well tolerated with mild and reversible side effects (abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, and decreased libido are most common), though rare reports exist of heart rhythm problems and a single report of a skin reaction.

It is not safe in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Androsterone Cowhage Pygeum Saw Palmetto

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Saw Palmetto, Cowhage, Androsterone.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 373 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting Nova-X, you must clear it with your doctor or pharmacist if you take methyldopa (Aldomet), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or other antidepressants, levodopa for Parkinson's disease, blood sugar medications, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, estrogens or birth control pills, or blood thinners. These carry Major or Moderate-severity interactions documented in this product's ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Nova-X is intended as a men's supplement with multiple active ingredients, but the evidence for their effectiveness is not established in our data. More importantly, it carries serious documented interactions with blood pressure medications, antidepressants, Parkinson's drugs, and blood thinners, and it contains androsterone — a controlled steroid illegal to sell as a supplement in the U.S.

Before you take this product, check every prescription and over-the-counter medication you're on with your doctor or pharmacist using the tool on this page.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 22, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Nova-X, straight from the product label.

Brand Gaspari Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 646511022829
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 22, 2017
DSLD ID 80438
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
646511022829
IngredientAmount% DV
N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid30 mg--
5a-Hydroxy Laxogenin0 NP--
Androsterone50 mg--
Iridoid Glycosides0 NP--
Protodioscin0 NP--
Diosterol brand Dioscorea nipponica makino 50-67:1 extract200 mg--
Progenin III0 NP--
Diosgenin0 NP--
Mucuna pruriens extract250 mg--
Toxicodendron vernicifluum extract100 mg--
DHT Inhibiting Complex210 mg--
Pygeum africanum bark extract0 NP--
13% total Sterols6.5 mg--
Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: LipoAbsorb Matrix:, Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Carboxymethylstarch Sodium Salt, Silica, Colloidal Anhydrous, Magnesium Stearate, Enteric Coating, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 tablet on an empty stomach upon waking, and a second tablet approximately 8 hours later, 60-90 minutes before a meal. Do not use this product longer than 4 weeks without a 4 week break in between. Do not exceed 2 tablets in any 24 hour period. Read the product warning before use.

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adults 18 years of age or older.

Pregnant or nursing women should not use this product. Consult with your health care provider before using this product, especially if you are taking any prescription, over the counter medication, dietary supplement product or if you have any pre-existing medical condition including but not limited to: high or low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke, heart, liver, kidney or thyroid disease, seizure disorder, psychiatric disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to prostate enlargement or if you are taking a MAO-B inhibitor or any other medication, including but not limited to MAOIs, SSRIs or any other compounds with serotonergic activity.

Do not combine with alcohol. Discontinue use and immediately consult your health care professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

This product may contain ingredients banned by certain organizations.

User assumes all risks, liabilities or consequences respecting testing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Warning For State Of California Residents Only: (California Proposition 65). This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Allergen Warning: Contains soy.

Storage

Please store in a cool dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

2016 Gaspari Nutrition - All rights reserved.

General Statements

Made in the USA from domestic and international ingredients.

Testosterone booster

Advanced liposomal delivery system

General

REV 316

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Allergen Warning: Contains soy.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Nova-X label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition

These are the 11 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid

30 mg per serving

Androsterone

Interacts with
9 drugs
50 mg per serving

Androsterone is a natural androgenic steroid hormone made in the body, but supplement versions are classified as anabolic-androgenic steroids and are...

Androsterone monograph & interactions

Diosterol brand Dioscorea nipponica makino 50-67:1 extract

200 mg per serving Form: Furostanolic Saponins, Glycosides
  • › 5a-Hydroxy Laxogenin
  • › Iridoid Glycosides
  • › Protodioscin
  • › Progenin III
  • › Diosgenin

Mucuna pruriens extract

Interacts with
193 drugs
250 mg per serving Form: L-Dopa

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied...

Mucuna pruriens extract monograph & interactions

Toxicodendron vernicifluum extract

100 mg per serving Form: Butein, Chalcones

DHT Inhibiting Complex

210 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: LipoAbsorb Matrix:, Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Carboxymethylstarch Sodium Salt, Silica, Colloidal Anhydrous, Magnesium Stearate, Enteric Coating, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Nova-X?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
373Drugs
17 Major 350 Moderate 6 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Mucuna pruriens extract 193
Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract 174
Androsterone 9

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Nova-X interact with 373 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 11 ingredients in Nova-X interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Mucuna pruriens extract Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract Androsterone

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Nova-X with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Mucuna pruriens extract8 drug types · 193 drugs

Levodopa

Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Some cowhage products have been standardized to contain 75-400 mg of levodopa per dose.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with methyldopa might cause additive hypotension. In addition, methyldopa may inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and increase levodopa levels in the central nervous system; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with non-selective MAOIs might cause hypertensive crisis. However, this interaction has not been reported with MAO-B selective inhibitors such as selegiline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anesthesia

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated. Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa might counteract the antidopaminergic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with guanethidine might cause additive hypotension; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tricyclic Antidepressants (Tcas)

Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of TCAs might reduce the absorption of levodopa. Some case reports describe patients that developed hypertension and dyskinesia when taking both levodopa and TCAs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mucuna pruriens extract full monograph & interactions

Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract3 drug types · 174 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saw Palmetto Liposterolic berry extract full monograph & interactions

Androsterone1 drug type · 9 drugs

Androgens

Androsterone, as an androgenic hormone, may interact with other androgenic drugs, such as testosterone, due to their similar mechanisms of action. Both androsterone and testosterone bind to androgen receptors in various tissues throughout the body, leading to similar physiological effects related to the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. When taken together, these compounds can potentially amplify these effects, leading to an increased risk of androgenic side effects, such as acne, hair loss, and changes in libido. Additionally, combining androsterone with testosterone or other androgenic drugs may also affect hormone levels and balance in the body, potentially leading to hormonal imbalances or disruptions in the endocrine system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Androsterone full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Nova-X, from the product label.

Gaspari Nutrition

See all Gaspari Nutrition products
Name
Gaspari Nutrition
Street Address
6015-B Unity Drive
City
Norcross
State
GA
ZipCode
30071
Phone Number
1.732.364.3777
Web Address
www.gasparinutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Nova-X by Gaspari Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Nova-X has a known interaction with 373 medications, including 17 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Nova-X contains 11 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is androsterone in this product legal or safe?
No. Androsterone is a controlled anabolic-androgenic steroid that is illegal to sell as a dietary supplement in the U.S. It is considered possibly unsafe and carries serious concern for heart disease and liver injury. This is a critical issue you should discuss with your doctor or pharmacist.
Can I take this if I'm on birth control?
Not without checking first. Saw Palmetto in Nova-X may reduce birth control effectiveness. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product if you use any contraceptive.
Does Mucuna pruriens really contain levodopa?
Yes, it does. Some products are standardized to contain 75–400 mg of levodopa per dose, which is why cowhage is treated like an active drug and not a simple herb. It carries Major-severity interactions with blood pressure medications and antidepressants.
What are the most common side effects?
From Mucuna pruriens, diarrhea, flatulence, and mouth irritation are most common; nausea, vomiting, and headache can occur. Saw Palmetto may cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, or changes in libido — all mild and usually reversible.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Androsterone and Saw Palmetto are not safe in pregnancy, and Mucuna pruriens is not safe either — it lacks safety data and its dopamine effects pose risk. While breastfeeding, androsterone and Saw Palmetto should be avoided, and Mucuna pruriens can lower milk supply. Talk to your doctor.
What does the 'DHT Inhibiting Complex' do?
The product facts show it is a blend containing Pygeum africanum bark extract and 13% total Sterols, but we hold no separate data on its intended effects or interactions beyond what those component ingredients may carry.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Nova-X is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Nova-X label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Nova-X’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Androsterone

Interacts with 9 drugs

Androsterone is a natural androgenic steroid hormone made in the body, but supplement versions are classified as anabolic-androgenic steroids and are banned from U.S. dietary supplements und...

Read the full Androsterone monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cowhage

Interacts with 193 drugs

Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) is a tropical legume best known as a natural source of L-dopa, the compound the body turns into dopamine. It is most studied for Parkinson's disease symptoms and ma...

Read the full Cowhage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pygeum

Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...

Read the full Pygeum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saw Palmetto

Interacts with 174 drugs

Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...

Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Nova-X's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Androsterone 1 reference
  1. Joseph JF, Parr MK. Synthetic androgens as designer supplements. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2015;13(1):89-100. PubMed

See these in context on the Androsterone monograph →

Cowhage 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Anon. Epidemiological notes and reports: Mucuna pruriens-associated pruritus--New Jersey. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985;34:732-3.
  4. HP-200 in Parkinson's Disease study group. An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease: Results of a multicenter clinical trial. J Alt Comp Med 1995;1:249-55. DOI
  5. Infante ME, Perez AM, Simao MR, et al. Outbreak of acute toxic psychosis attributed to Mucuna pruriens. Lancet 1990;336:1129. PubMed
  6. Vaidya AB, Rajagopalan TG, Mankodi NA, et al. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the cowhage plant-Mucuna pruriens Bak. Neurol India 1978;26:171-6.
  7. Vadivel V, Janardhanan K. Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of velvet bean: an under-utilized food legume in south India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51:279-87. PubMed
  8. Akhtar MS, Qureshi AQ, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic evaluation of Mucuna pruriens, Linn seeds. J Pak Med Assoc 1990;40:147-50.
  9. Prakash, D., Niranjan, A., and Tewari, S. K. Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three Mucuna species. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2001;52(1):79-82.
  10. Vadivel, V. and Janardhanan, K. Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of seven South Indian wild legumes. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr 2005;60(2):69-75. PubMed
  11. Creapure (Creatine Monohydrate). Toxicological Datasheet. Degussa BioActives. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/.../95s-0316-rpt0154-54-Ref-50-vol112.pdf.
  12. Pulikkalpura H, Kurup R, Mathew PJ, Baby S. Levodopa in Mucuna pruriens and its degradation. Sci Rep 2015;5:11078. PubMed

See these in context on the Cowhage monograph →

Pygeum 3 references
  1. Ishani A, MacDonald R, Nelson D, et al. Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Am J Med 2000;109:654-64.. PubMed
  2. Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R, et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;CD001044.. PubMed
  3. Andro M and Riffaud J. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res 1995;56(8):796-817. DOI

See these in context on the Pygeum monograph →

Saw Palmetto 22 references
  1. Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9. PubMed
  2. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40. DOI
  3. Di Silverio F, D'Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14. PubMed
  4. Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther 1999;16:231-41.
  5. Cheema P, El-Mefty O, Jazieh AR. Intraoperative haemorrhage associated with the use of extract of Saw Palmetto herb: a case report and review of literature. J Intern Med 2001;250:167-9. PubMed
  6. Jibrin I, Erinle A, Saidi A, Aliyu ZY. Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South Med J 2006;99:611-2. PubMed
  7. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
  8. Avins AL, Bent S, Staccone S, et al. A detailed safety assessment of a saw palmetto extract. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:147-54. PubMed
  9. Morgia, G., Mucciardi, G., Gali, A., Madonia, M., Marchese, F., Di, Benedetto A., Romano, G., Bonvissuto, G., Castelli, T., Macchione, L., and Magno, C. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus
  10. Aliaev, IuG, Vinarov, A. Z., Lokshin, K. L., and Spivak, L. G. [Efficiency and safety of prostamol-Uno in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis]. Urologiia. 2006;(1):47-50.
  11. Agbabiaka, T. B., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto): a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):637-647. PubMed
  12. Wargo, K. A., Allman, E., and Ibrahim, F. A possible case of saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South.Med.J. 2010;103(7):683-685. PubMed
  13. Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Giocaliere, E., Vietri, M., Baronti, R., Pieraccini, G., Tafi, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., and Vannacci, A. Acute liver damage due to Serenoa repens: a case report. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):558-560.
  14. Mantovani, F. Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hypertrophy: analysis of 2 Italian studies. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(4):335-340.
  15. Hanaka, M., Yoshii, C., Yatera, K., Ito, C., Chojin, Y., Nagata, S., Yamasaki, K., Nishida, C., Kawanami, T., Kawanami, Y., Ishimoto, H., and Mukae, H. [A case of rhabdomyolysis caused by saw palmetto of healthy foods]. J.UOEH. 6-1-2012;34(2):193-199. PubMed
  16. Miroddi, M., Carni, A., Mannucci, C., Moleti, M., Navarra, M., and Calapai, G. Hot flashes in a young girl: a wake-up call concerning Serenoa repens use in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(5):e1374-e1376.
  17. Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(7):776-785. DOI
  18. Jipescu D, Patel A, Bohra H, Pientka A. Rare case of saw palmetto induced heart block. JACC 2017;69(11) supplement:2310.
  19. Morabito P, Miroddi M, Giovinazzo S, Spina E, Calapai G. Serenoa repens as an endocrine disruptor in a 10-year-Old young girl: a new case report. Pharmacology. 2015;96(1-2):41-3. doi: 10.1159/000431327.
  20. Gammoudi R, Ameur K, Ouni B, et al. Fixed drug eruption to Serenoa repens: first case report and consideration of the use of herbal medicine. Dermatol Ther 2020 Aug 29:e14247.
  21. Paulis G, Paulis A, Perletti G. Serenoa repens and its effects on male sexual function. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021;93(4):475-480. PubMed
  22. Venkateswaran S, Declet-Bauzo R, Shodeinde M, Gilford P. Postoperative Retroperitoneal Hematoma: A Case of Saw Palmetto and the Importance of Primary Care Intervention. HCA Healthc J Med 2020;1(5):279-282. PubMed

See these in context on the Saw Palmetto monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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