Seratonin By Allergy Research Group Overview & Drug Interactions

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, and fortified grains. It plays a variety of roles in the body, including in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also necessary for the production of energy in the body and in the synthesis of different hormones. Niacin deficiency is rare in developed countries, however, supplementation has been shown to have several positive benefits. For example, it can reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy (i.e., nerve pain) and has been shown effective for treating some types of high cholesterol (extended-release niacin is used as a prescription drug in the United States for this purpose). There is a multitude of niacin forms available as dietary supplements, including NADH, niacinamide, and nicotinamide riboside, all with different properties.

Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.

Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the body. It plays a role in many important physiological processes, including the contraction and relaxation of muscles, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the regulation of blood pressure. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, and grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. There are several different forms of magnesium that are available as supplements, all of which can be used to prevent deficiency. Additionally, magnesium is purported to have several different health benefits, such as improving sleep, reducing muscle cramps, reducing anxiety, and preventing or treating migraines. Although magnesium is essential for health, magnesium-containing foods and supplements can interact with some prescription medications if used at the same time.

Zinc is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is involved in many important physiological processes, including immune system function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Zinc is found in a variety of foods, including meat, seafood, and whole grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. Zinc supplements may be used to treat or prevent zinc deficiency, which can occur due to certain medical conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, alcohol abuse, and certain medications. Zinc supplements may also be used for other purposes, such as to boost the immune system, improve acne, and reduce the severity and duration of colds. There are several different forms of zinc supplements available, including zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, and zinc sulfate. The most common form of zinc supplements is zinc gluconate, which is well absorbed and is less likely to cause stomach-related side effects than other forms of zinc.

Chromium is a trace mineral that is found in small amounts in the human body. It is believed to play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is used as a dietary supplement for its purported ability to help with weight loss and blood sugar control. There is some evidence to suggest that chromium supplements may help to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes, although the results of studies on this topic have been mixed. Some studies have found that chromium supplements can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels in those with poorly controlled diabetes, while others have found no significant effects.

Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a soft, silvery-grey metal that is found in small amounts in various minerals and rocks. Vanadium is used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of steel and as a chemical catalyst. Vanadium is an essential trace mineral that is required by the body in small amounts for proper growth and development. The human body does not naturally produce it. It is involved in several important biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and the synthesis of proteins and DNA. Vanadium supplements are sometimes marketed as a way to improve athletic performance, lower cholesterol levels, and manage diabetes. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of vanadium supplements for these purposes and high levels of vanadium can be toxic. It must be used cautiously.

5-HTP, or 5-hydroxytryptophan, is a naturally-occurring amino acid and a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is used as a dietary supplement to improve mood and help with anxiety, sleep disorders, and other conditions. It is also sometimes used in combination with other medications to treat migraines and fibromyalgia. The 5-HTP found in supplements is most often obtained from the seeds of the tropical shrub Griffonia simplicifolia

Quercetin is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of compounds found in a wide variety of plants and foods. It is purported to have a number of health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-boosting effects. Studies suggest it may also help to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as heart disease. In addition, quercetin may have anti-allergic properties and may be helpful in the treatment of allergies and asthma. It is a popular dietary supplement worldwide and is often included in products that contain antioxidants or various vitamins/minerals. Its wide range of potential health benefits mean that it could potentiate the effects of other drugs (e.g., anti-hypertensives), which is why there are an abundant number of potential interactions listed for quercetin.

Choline is an essential nutrient that is found in many foods, including eggs, and is important for a number of bodily functions, including liver function, brain development, and nerve function. Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, mood, and muscle control. Choline also helps to transport fats out of the liver, which may help to reduce the risk of liver disease. Choline supplements are available in different forms, including choline bitartrate, choline chloride, and phosphatidylcholine. Choline bitartrate is the most common form of choline supplement, but phosphatidylcholine is the form that is found naturally in foods.

Betaine hydrochloride (HCL) is a supplement that is sometimes used to increase the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid is an important component of stomach acid that helps to break down food and kill harmful bacteria. As a dietary supplement, it is used to help with digestion problems such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It is also used to help people with conditions such as low stomach acid, heartburn, and acid reflux.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound that is made by the body and is also found in some foods, such as spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. It plays a role in energy production in the body and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. ALA has been studied for its potential health benefits, including the treatment of certain types of nerve damage, diabetes, and liver disease.