Tiagabine Hydrochloride 2 mg Tablet, Film Coated, 30-count
🆔 Identity & classification
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🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Anti-epileptic Agent class.
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🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
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🩺 Clinical
Tiagabine is used in to treat partial seizures (a type of epilepsy). Tiagabine is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It is not known exactly how tiagabine works, but it increases the amount of natural chemicals in the brain that prevent seizure activity.
Read the full MedlinePlus article ↗- Tiagabine is used to help control partial seizures in adults and teens 12 and older. It's not a stand-alone medicine — it's always added to at least one other seizure medication yo...
- Yes, every single dose should be taken with food. That's how tiagabine was studied in all the clinical trials. Food slows down how quickly it's absorbed, which helps keep things st...
- Do I have to take it with food every time?
- The most common ones are dizziness, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, shakiness (tremor), and trouble concentrating — most are mild to moderate and often happen early in treatment as...
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Tiagabine may be associated with lower levels of 1 nutrient — worth a chat with your pharmacist, not a cause for alarm.
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💊 What it looks like
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🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
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UNII 3SY5LH9PMK
Anhydrous lactose is a milk sugar with no water content. It acts as a filler and binder in tablets and capsules, adding bulk and helping ingredients stick together.
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Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a white crystalline powder. It serves as an antioxidant to prevent degradation of other ingredients and may also function as a preservative in the formulation.
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UNII 2S7830E561
Crospovidone is a synthetic polymer derived from povidone. It acts as a disintegrant, helping the tablet or capsule break apart quickly in the stomach so the active ingredient can be absorbed.
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A synthetic yellow dye used to color medications. It helps identify the drug and make it visually distinctive, with no effect on how the medicine works.
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A plant-based oil derived from soybeans that has been chemically hardened to make it solid or semi-solid at room temperature. It acts as a binder, filler, and lubricant to help hold the tablet together and allow it to move smoothly during manufacturing and packaging.
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UNII 9XZ8H6N6OH
A plant-based cellulose derivative used as a binder to hold tablet ingredients together, a thickener in liquids, and a coating agent to control how fast the medicine dissolves.
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UNII 3NXW29V3WO
Hypromellose is a plant-based thickener made from cellulose. It's used in medicines as a binder to hold ingredients together, a coating for tablets, and a thickener for liquids.
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UNII 70097M6I30
Magnesium stearate is a salt made from magnesium and stearic acid, a fatty substance. It's used in tablets and capsules as a lubricant and glidant to help ingredients flow smoothly during manufacturing and prevent sticking.
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Microcrystalline cellulose is a purified form of cellulose, a natural fiber from plant sources. It acts as a binder and filler in tablets and capsules, helping hold ingredients together and give the medicine its shape and size.
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Silicon dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral used as a glidant and anti-caking agent. It helps powder ingredients flow smoothly and prevents clumping during manufacturing and storage.
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A plant-based carbohydrate derived from corn kernels. It acts as a filler to add bulk, a binder to hold ingredients together, and a disintegrant to help the tablet break apart in your stomach for absorption.
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UNII 4ELV7Z65AP
Stearic acid is a fatty acid derived from plant or animal sources. It acts as a binder and lubricant in tablets and capsules, helping them hold together and flow smoothly during manufacturing.
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UNII 15FIX9V2JP
Titanium dioxide is a bright white mineral powder commonly used as a colorant and opacifying agent. It makes pills and tablets white or lighter in color and helps make coatings non-transparent.
13 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.
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ingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.Inactive ingredient FAQ
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💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per ea | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | $2.412 | $72.37 / 30 tablets |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | No recent Medicaid claims on file for this NDC — rare and low-volume NDCs are suppressed in the public data. | |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · Q2 2026 | $7.01 | $210.17 / 30 tablets |
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🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiagabine Hydrochloride 2 mgthis 00093-5030-56 | Teva | 30 tablets | $2.412 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Tiagabine Hydrochloride 2 mg 72205-0084-30 | Novadoz | 30 tablets | $2.412 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Tiagabine Hydrochloride 2 mg 62756-0200-18 | Sun | 1000 tablets | — | — | FDA listed | — |
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⏳ Availability & generic status
FDA-approved generic versions are listed, and recent pricing/market data suggests they may be available — see Therapeutic equivalents.
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📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 00093-5030-56 You're viewing this | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (0093-5030-56) | 2016-06-03 | Active |
📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tiagabine HCl is indicated as adjunctive therapy in adults and children 12 years and older in the treatment of partial seizures.
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION General: The blood level of tiagabine obtained after a given dose depends on whether the patient also is receiving a drug that induces the metabolism of tiagabine. The presence of an inducer means that the attained blood level will be substantially reduced. Dosing should take the presence of concomitant medications into account.
Tiagabine HCl is recommended as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in patients 12 years and older. The following dosing recommendations apply to all patients taking tiagabine HCl: Tiagabine HCl is given orally and should be taken with food. Do not use a loading dose of tiagabine HCl.
Dose titration: Rapid escalation and/or large dose increments of tiagabine HCl should not be used. Missed dose(s): If the patient forgets to take the prescribed dose of tiagabine HCl at the scheduled time, the patient should not attempt to make up for the missed dose by increasing the next dose. If a patient has missed multiple doses, patient should refer back to his or her physician for possible re-titration as clinically indicated.
Dosage adjustment of tiagabine HCl should be considered whenever a change in patient’s enzyme-inducing status occurs as a result of the addition, discontinuation, or dose change of the enzyme-inducing agent. Induced Adults and Adolescents 12 Years or Older: The following dosing recommendations apply to patients who are already taking enzyme-inducing antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs) (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital). Such patients are considered induced patients when administering tiagabine HCl.
In adolescents 12 to 18 years old, tiagabine HCl should be initiated at 4 mg once daily. Modification of concomitant antiepilepsy drugs is not necessary, unless clinically indicated. The total daily dose of tiagabine HCl may be increased by 4 mg at the beginning of Week 2.
Thereafter, the total daily dose may be increased by 4 to 8 mg at weekly intervals until clinical response is achieved or up to 32 mg/day. The total daily dose should be given in divided doses two to four times daily. Doses above 32 mg/day have been tolerated in a small number of adolescent patients for a relatively short duration.
In adults, tiagabine HCl should be initiated at 4 mg once daily. Modification of concomitant antiepilepsy drugs is not necessary, unless clinically indicated. The total daily dose of tiagabine HCl may be increased by 4 to 8 mg at weekly intervals until clinical response is achieved or, up to 56 mg/day.
The total daily dose should be given in divided doses two to four times daily. Doses above 56 mg/day have not been systematically evaluated in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials. Experience is limited in patients taking total daily doses above 32 mg/day using twice daily dosing.
A typical dosing titration regimen for patients taking enzyme-inducing AEDs (induced patients) is provided in Table 7. Table 7: Typical Dosing Titration Regimen for Patients Already Taking Enzyme-Inducing AEDs Initiation and Titration Schedule Total Daily Dose Week 1 Initiate at 4 mg once daily 4 mg/day Week 2 Increase total daily dose by 4 mg 8 mg/day (in two divided doses) Week 3 Increase total daily dose by 4 mg 12 mg/day (in three divided doses) Week 4 Increase total daily dose by 4 mg 16 mg/day (in two to four divided doses) Week 5 Increase total daily dose by 4 to 8 mg 20 to 24 mg/day (in two to four divided doses) Week 6 Increase total daily dose by 4 to 8 mg 24 to 32 mg/day (in two to four divided doses) Usual Adult Maintenance Dose in Induced Patients: 32 to 56 mg/day in two to four divided doses Non-Induced Adults and Adolescents 12 Years or Older: The following dosing recommendations apply to patients who are taking only non-enzyme-inducing AEDs.
Such patients are considered non-induced patients: Following a given dose of tiagabine HCl, the estimated plasma concentration in the non-induced patients is more than twice that in patients receiving e…
⛔ Contraindications ▾
CONTRAINDICATIONS Tiagabine HCl is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients.
⚠️ Warnings ▾
WARNINGS Seizures in Patients Without Epilepsy: Post-marketing reports have shown that tiagabine HCl use has been associated with new onset seizures and status epilepticus in patients without epilepsy. Dose may be an important predisposing factor in the development of seizures, although seizures have been reported in patients taking daily doses of tiagabine HCl as low as 4 mg/day. In most cases, patients were using concomitant medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, stimulants, narcotics) that are thought to lower the seizure threshold.
Some seizures occurred near the time of a dose increase, even after periods of prior stable dosing. The tiagabine HCl dosing recommendations in current labeling for treatment of epilepsy were based on use in patients with partial seizures 12 years of age and older, most of whom were taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone and phenobarbital) which lower plasma levels of tiagabine HCl by inducing its metabolism. Use of tiagabine HCl without enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs results in blood levels about twice those attained in the studies on which current dosing recommendations are based (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).
Safety and effectiveness of tiagabine HCl have not been established for any indication other than as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults and children 12 years and older. In nonepileptic patients who develop seizures while on tiagabine HCl treatment, tiagabine HCl should be discontinued and patients should be evaluated for an underlying seizure disorder. Seizures and status epilepticus are known to occur with tiagabine HCl overdosage (see OVERDOSAGE ).
Suicidal Behavior and Ideation: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including tiagabine HCl, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication. Patients treated with any AED for any indication should be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior. Pooled analyses of 199 placebo-controlled clinical trials (mono- and adjunctive therapy) of 11 different AEDs showed that patients randomized to one of the AEDs had approximately twice the risk (adjusted Relative Risk 1.8, 95% CI:1.2, 2.7) of suicidal thinking or behavior compared to patients randomized to placebo.
In these trials, which had a median treatment duration of 12 weeks, the estimated incidence rate of suicidal behavior or ideation among 27,863 AED-treated patients was 0.43%, compared to 0.24% among 16,029 placebo-treated patients, representing an increase of approximately one case of suicidal thinking or behavior for every 530 patients treated. There were four suicides in drug-treated patients in the trials and none in placebo-treated patients, but the number is too small to allow any conclusion about drug effect on suicide.
The increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with AEDs was observed as early as one week after starting drug treatment with AEDs and persisted for the duration of treatment assessed. Because most trials included in the analysis did not extend beyond 24 weeks, the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior beyond 24 weeks could not be assessed. The risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among drugs in the data analyzed.
The finding of increased risk with AEDs of varying mechanisms of action and across a range of indications suggests that the risk applies to all AEDs used for any indication. The risk did not vary substantially by age (5-100 years) in the clinical trials analyzed. Table 4 shows absolute and relative risk by indication for all evaluated AEDs.
Table 4: Risk by Indication for Antiepileptic Drugs in the Pooled Analysis Indication Placebo Patients with Events per 1000 Patients Drug Patients with Events per 1000 Patients Relative Risk: Incidence of Events in Drug Patients/Incidence in Placebo Patients Risk Difference: Ad…
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
ADVERSE REACTIONS The most commonly observed adverse events in placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on epilepsy trials associated with the use of tiagabine HCl in combination with other antiepilepsy drugs not seen at an equivalent frequency among placebo-treated patients were dizziness/light-headedness, asthenia/lack of energy, somnolence, nausea, nervousness/irritability, tremor, abdominal pain, and thinking abnormal/difficulty with concentration or attention. Approximately 21% of the 2531 patients who received tiagabine HCl in clinical trials of epilepsy discontinued treatment because of an adverse event.
The adverse events most commonly associated with discontinuation were dizziness (1.7%), somnolence (1.6%), depression (1.3%), confusion (1.1%), and asthenia (1.1%). In Studies 1 and 2 (U.S. studies), the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, add-on studies, the proportion of patients who discontinued treatment because of adverse events was 11% for the group treated with tiagabine HCl and 6% for the placebo group. The most common adverse events considered the primary reason for discontinuation were confusion (1.2%), somnolence (1.0%), and ataxia (1.0%).
Adverse Event Incidence in Controlled Clinical Trials: Table 5 lists treatment-emergent signs and symptoms that occurred in at least 1% of patients treated with tiagabine HCl for epilepsy participating in parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials and were numerically more common in the tiagabine HCl group. In these studies, either tiagabine HCl or placebo was added to the patient’s current antiepilepsy drug therapy. Adverse events were usually mild or moderate in intensity.
The prescriber should be aware that these figures, obtained when tiagabine HCl was added to concurrent antiepilepsy drug therapy, cannot be used to predict the frequency of adverse events in the course of usual medical practice when patient characteristics and other factors may differ from those prevailing during clinical studies. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be directly compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, or investigators. An inspection of these frequencies, however, does provide the prescribing physician with one basis to estimate the relative contribution of drug and non-drug factors to the adverse event incidences in the population studied.
Table 5: Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event 1 Incidence in Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled, Add-On Trials (events in at least 1% of patients treated with tiagabine HCl and numerically more frequent than in the placebo group) Body System/COSTART Tiagabine HCl N=494 % Placebo N=275 % Body as a Whole Abdominal Pain 7 3 Pain (unspecified) 5 3 Cardiovascular Vasodilation 2 1 Digestive Nausea 11 9 Diarrhea 7 3 Vomiting 7 4 Increased Appetite 2 0 Mouth Ulceration 1 0 Musculoskeletal Myasthenia 1 0 Nervous System Dizziness 27 15 Asthenia 20 14 Somnolence 18 15 Nervousness 10 3 Tremor 9 3 Difficulty with Concentration/Attention* 6 2 Insomnia 6 4 Ataxia 5 3 Confusion 5 3 Speech Disorder 4 2 Difficulty with Memory* 4 3 Paresthesia 4 2 Depression 3 1 Emotional Lability 3 2 Abnormal Gait 3 2 Hostility 2 1 Nystagmus 2 1 Language Problems* 2 0 Agitation 1 0 Respiratory System Pharyngitis 7 4 Cough Increased 4 3 Skin and Appendages Rash 5 4 Pruritus 2 0 1 Patients in these add-on studies were receiving one to three concomitant enzyme-inducing antiepilepsy drugs in addition to tiagabine HCl or placebo.
Patients may have reported multiple adverse experiences; thus, patients may be included in more than one category. * COSTART term substituted with a more clinically descriptive term. Other events reported by 1% or more of patients treated with tiagabine HCl but equally or more frequent in the placebo group were: accidental injury, chest pain, constipation, flu syndrome, rhinitis, anorexia, back pain, dry mouth, flatulence, ecchymosis, twitching, fever, amblyopia, conjunctivitis, urinary trac…
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
Drug Interactions In evaluating the potential for interactions among co-administered antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs), whether or not an AED induces or does not induce metabolic enzymes is an important consideration. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital are generally classified as enzyme inducers; valproate and gabapentin are not. Tiagabine HCl is considered to be a non-enzyme inducing AED (see PRECAUTIONS, General, Use in Non-Induced Patients ).
The drug interaction data described in this section were obtained from studies involving either healthy subjects or patients with epilepsy. Effects of Tiagabine HCl on other Antiepilepsy Drugs (AEDs): Phenytoin : Tiagabine had no effect on the steady-state plasma concentrations of phenytoin in patients with epilepsy. Carbamazepine : Tiagabine had no effect on the steady-state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine or its epoxide metabolite in patients with epilepsy.
Valproate : Tiagabine causes a slight decrease (about 10%) in steady-state valproate concentrations. Phenobarbital or Primidone : No formal pharmacokinetic studies have been performed examining the addition of tiagabine to regimens containing phenobarbital or primidone. The addition of tiagabine in a limited number of patients in three well-controlled studies caused no systematic changes in phenobarbital or primidone concentrations when compared to placebo.
Effects of other Antiepilepsy Drugs (AEDs) on Tiagabine HCl: Carbamazepine : Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that tiagabine clearance is 60% greater in patients taking carbamazepine with or without other enzyme-inducing AEDs. Phenytoin : Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that tiagabine clearance is 60% greater in patients taking phenytoin with or without other enzyme-inducing AEDs. Phenobarbital (Primidone) : Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that tiagabine clearance is 60% greater in patients taking phenobarbital (primidone) with or without other enzyme-inducing AEDs.
Valproate : The addition of tiagabine to patients taking valproate chronically had no effect on tiagabine pharmacokinetics, but valproate significantly decreased tiagabine binding in vitro from 96.3 to 94.8%, which resulted in an increase of approximately 40% in the free tiagabine concentration. The clinical relevance of this in vitro finding is unknown. Interaction of Tiagabine HCl with Other Drugs: Cimetidine : Co-administration of cimetidine (800 mg/day) to patients taking tiagabine chronically had no effect on tiagabine pharmacokinetics.
Theophylline : A single 10 mg dose of tiagabine did not affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline at steady state. Warfarin : No significant differences were observed in the steady-state pharmacokinetics of R-warfarin or S-warfarin with the addition of tiagabine given as a single dose. Prothrombin times were not affected by tiagabine.
Digoxin : Concomitant administration of tiagabine did not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin or the mean daily trough serum level of digoxin. Ethanol or Triazolam : No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of triazolam (0.125 mg) and tiagabine (10 mg) when given together as a single dose. The pharmacokinetics of ethanol were not affected by multiple-dose administration of tiagabine.
Tiagabine has shown no clinically important potentiation of the pharmacodynamic effects of triazolam or alcohol. Because of the possible additive effects of drugs that may depress the nervous system, ethanol or triazolam should be used cautiously in combination with tiagabine. Oral Contraceptives : Multiple dose administration of tiagabine (8 mg/day monotherapy) did not alter the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives in healthy women of child-bearing age.
Antipyrine : Antipyrine pharmacokinetics were not significantly different before and after tiagabine multiple-dose regimens. This indicates that tiagabine does not cause induction or inhibition of the hepatic microsoma…
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
Pregnancy: Tiagabine has been shown to have adverse effects on embryo-fetal development, including teratogenic effects, when administered to pregnant rats and rabbits at doses greater than the human therapeutic dose. An increased incidence of malformed fetuses (various craniofacial, appendicular, and visceral defects) and decreased fetal weights were observed following oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis. This dose is approximately 16 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 56 mg/day, based on body surface area (mg/m 2 ).
Maternal toxicity (transient weight loss/reduced maternal weight gain during gestation) was associated with this dose, but there is no evidence to suggest that the teratogenic effects were secondary to the maternal effects. No adverse maternal or embryo-fetal effects were seen at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (3 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis). Decreased maternal weight gain, increased resorption of embryos and increased incidences of fetal variations, but not malformations, were observed when pregnant rabbits were given 25 mg/kg/day (8 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) during organogenesis.
The no effect level for maternal and embryo-fetal toxicity in rabbits was 5 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis). When female rats were given tiagabine 100 mg/kg/day during late gestation and throughout parturition and lactation, decreased maternal weight gain during gestation, an increase in stillbirths, and decreased postnatal offspring viability and growth were found. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Tiagabine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. To provide additional information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to tiagabine HCl, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking tiagabine HCl enroll in the NAAED Pregnancy Registry. This can be done by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334, and must be done by patients themselves.
Information on the registry can also be found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/ .
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 have not been established. The pharmacokinetics of tiagabine were evaluated in pediatric patients age 3 to 10 years (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations, Pediatric ).
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
Geriatric Use: Because few patients over the age of 65 (approximately 20) were exposed to tiagabine HCl during its clinical evaluation, no specific statements about the safety or effectiveness of tiagabine HCl in this age group could be made.
🆘 Overdosage ▾
OVERDOSAGE Human Overdose Experience: Human experience of acute overdose with tiagabine HCl is limited. Eleven patients in clinical trials took single doses of tiagabine HCl up to 800 mg. All patients fully recovered, usually within one day.
The most common symptoms reported after overdose included somnolence, impaired consciousness, agitation, confusion, speech difficulty, hostility, depression, weakness, and myoclonus. One patient who ingested a single dose of 400 mg experienced generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, which responded to intravenous phenobarbital. From post-marketing experience, reports of overdose involving tiagabine HCl alone have included cases in which patients required intubation and ventilatory support as part of the management of their status epilepticus.
Overdoses involving multiple drugs, including tiagabine HCl, have resulted in fatal outcomes. Symptoms most often accompanying tiagabine HCl overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs, have included: seizures including status epilepticus in patients with and without underlying seizure disorders, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, respiratory arrest, coma, loss of consciousness, ataxia, dizziness, confusion, somnolence, drowsiness, impaired speech, aggression, agitation, lethargy, myoclonus, spike wave stupor, encephalopathy, amnesia, dyskinesia, tremors, disorientation, psychotic disorder, vomiting, hostility, and temporary paralysis.
Respiratory depression was seen in a number of patients, including children, in the context of seizures. Management of Overdose: There is no specific antidote for overdose with tiagabine HCl. If indicated, elimination of unabsorbed drug should be achieved by emesis or gastric lavage; usual precautions should be observed to maintain the airway.
General supportive care of the patient is indicated including monitoring of vital signs and observation of clinical status of the patient. Since tiagabine is mostly metabolized by the liver and is highly protein bound, dialysis is unlikely to be beneficial. A Certified Poison Control Center should be consulted for up to date information on the management of overdose with tiagabine HCl.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability, documented in in vitro experiments, to enhance the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These experiments have shown that tiagabine binds to recognition sites associated with the GABA uptake carrier. It is thought that, by this action, tiagabine blocks GABA uptake into presynaptic neurons, permitting more GABA to be available for receptor binding on the surfaces of post-synaptic cells.
Inhibition of GABA uptake has been shown for synaptosomes, neuronal cell cultures, and glial cell cultures. In rat-derived hippocampal slices, tiagabine has been shown to prolong GABA-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Tiagabine increases the amount of GABA available in the extracellular space of the globus pallidus, ventral palladum, and substantia nigra in rats at the ED 50 and ED 85 doses for inhibition of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced tonic seizures.
This suggests that tiagabine prevents the propagation of neural impulses that contribute to seizures by a GABA-ergic action. Tiagabine has shown efficacy in several animal models of seizures. It is effective against the tonic phase of subcutaneous PTZ-induced seizures in mice and rats, seizures induced by the proconvulsant DMCM in mice, audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR), and amygdala-kindled seizures in rats.
Tiagabine has little efficacy against maximal electroshock seizures in rats and is only partially effective against subcutaneous PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice, picrotoxin-induced tonic seizures in the mouse, bicuculline-induced seizures in the rat, and photic seizures in photosensitive baboons. Tiagabine produces a biphasic dose-response curve against PTZ- and DMCM-induced convulsions, with attenuated effectiveness at higher doses. Based on in vitro binding studies, tiagabine does not significantly inhibit the uptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, or choline and shows little or no binding to dopamine D1 and D2, muscarinic, serotonin 5HT 1A , 5HT 2 , and 5HT 3 , beta-1 and 2 adrenergic, alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic, histamine H2 and H3, adenosine A 1 and A 2 , opiate µ and K 1 , NMDA glutamate, and GABA A receptors at 100 µM.
It also lacks significant affinity for sodium or calcium channels. Tiagabine binds to histamine H1, serotonin 5HT 1B , benzodiazepine, and chloride channel receptors at concentrations 20 to 400 times those inhibiting the uptake of GABA. Pharmacokinetics Tiagabine is well absorbed, with food slowing absorption rate but not altering the extent of absorption.
The elimination half-life of tiagabine is 7 to 9 hours in normal volunteers. In epilepsy clinical trials, most patients were receiving hepatic enzyme-inducing agents (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital). The pharmacokinetic profile in induced patients is significantly different from the non-induced population (see PRECAUTIONS, General, Use in Non-Induced Patients ).
The systemic clearance of tiagabine in induced patients is approximately 60% greater resulting in considerably lower plasma concentrations and an elimination half-life of 2 to 5 hours. Given this difference in clearance, the systemic exposure after a dose of 32 mg/day in an induced population is expected to be comparable to the systemic exposure after a dose of 12 mg/day in a non-induced population. Similarly, the systemic exposure after a dose of 56 mg/day in an induced population is expected to be comparable to the systemic exposure after a dose of 22 mg/day in a non-induced population.
Absorption and Distribution: Absorption of tiagabine is rapid, with peak plasma concentrations occurring at approximately 45 minutes following an oral dose in the fasting state. Tiagabine is nearly completely absorbed (>95%), wi…
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability, documented in in vitro experiments, to enhance the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These experiments have shown that tiagabine binds to recognition sites associated with the GABA uptake carrier. It is thought that, by this action, tiagabine blocks GABA uptake into presynaptic neurons, permitting more GABA to be available for receptor binding on the surfaces of post-synaptic cells.
Inhibition of GABA uptake has been shown for synaptosomes, neuronal cell cultures, and glial cell cultures. In rat-derived hippocampal slices, tiagabine has been shown to prolong GABA-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Tiagabine increases the amount of GABA available in the extracellular space of the globus pallidus, ventral palladum, and substantia nigra in rats at the ED 50 and ED 85 doses for inhibition of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced tonic seizures.
This suggests that tiagabine prevents the propagation of neural impulses that contribute to seizures by a GABA-ergic action. Tiagabine has shown efficacy in several animal models of seizures. It is effective against the tonic phase of subcutaneous PTZ-induced seizures in mice and rats, seizures induced by the proconvulsant DMCM in mice, audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR), and amygdala-kindled seizures in rats.
Tiagabine has little efficacy against maximal electroshock seizures in rats and is only partially effective against subcutaneous PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice, picrotoxin-induced tonic seizures in the mouse, bicuculline-induced seizures in the rat, and photic seizures in photosensitive baboons. Tiagabine produces a biphasic dose-response curve against PTZ- and DMCM-induced convulsions, with attenuated effectiveness at higher doses. Based on in vitro binding studies, tiagabine does not significantly inhibit the uptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, or choline and shows little or no binding to dopamine D1 and D2, muscarinic, serotonin 5HT 1A , 5HT 2 , and 5HT 3 , beta-1 and 2 adrenergic, alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic, histamine H2 and H3, adenosine A 1 and A 2 , opiate µ and K 1 , NMDA glutamate, and GABA A receptors at 100 µM.
It also lacks significant affinity for sodium or calcium channels. Tiagabine binds to histamine H1, serotonin 5HT 1B , benzodiazepine, and chloride channel receptors at concentrations 20 to 400 times those inhibiting the uptake of GABA.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
HOW SUPPLIED Tiagabine HCl tablets are available in four dosage strengths. 2 mg orange-peach, round tablets, debossed with on one side and 402 on the opposite side, are available in bottles of 30 ( NDC 0093-5030-56). 4 mg yellow, round tablets, debossed with on one side and 404 on the opposite side, are available in bottles of 30 ( NDC 0093-5031-56).
12 mg green, ovaloid tablets, debossed with on one side and 412 on the opposite side, are available in bottles of 30 ( NDC 0093-8072-56). 16 mg blue, ovaloid tablets, debossed with on one side and 416 on the opposite side, are available in bottles of 30 ( NDC 0093-8076-56). Recommended Storage: Store tablets at controlled room temperature, between 20-25°C (68-77°F).
See USP. Protect from light and moisture. figure05 figure06 image07 image08
📋 Description ▾
DESCRIPTION Tiagabine hydrochloride is an antiepilepsy drug available as 2 mg, 4 mg, 12 mg and 16 mg tablets for oral administration. Its chemical name is (-)-(R)-1-[4,4-Bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]nipecotic acid hydrochloride, its molecular formula is C 20 H 25 NO 2 S 2 HCl, and its molecular weight is 412.0. Tiagabine HCl is a white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder.
It is insoluble in heptane, sparingly soluble in water, and soluble in aqueous base. The structural formula is: structure Inactive Ingredients Tiagabine HCl tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: Ascorbic acid, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydrogenated vegetable oil wax, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, stearic acid, and titanium dioxide. In addition, individual tablets contain: 2 mg tablets: FD&C Yellow No.
6. 4 mg tablets: D&C Yellow No. 10.
12 mg tablets: D&C Yellow No. 10 and FD&C Blue No. 1.
16 mg tablets: FD&C Blue No. 2.
💬 Information for Patients ▾
Information for Patients Patients should be informed of the availability of a Medication Guide, and they should be instructed to read it prior to taking tiagabine HCl. The complete text of the Medication Guide is provided at the end of this labeling. Suicidal Thinking and Behavior: Patients, their caregivers, and families should be counseled that AEDs, including tiagabine HCl, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm.
Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers. Patients should be advised that tiagabine HCl may cause dizziness, somnolence, and other symptoms and signs of CNS depression. Accordingly, patients should be advised neither to drive nor to operate other complex machinery until they have gained sufficient experience on tiagabine HCl to gauge whether or not it affects their mental and/or motor performance adversely.
Because of the possible additive depressive effects, caution should also be used when patients are taking other CNS depressants in combination with tiagabine HCl. Because teratogenic effects were seen in the offspring of rats exposed to maternally toxic doses of tiagabine and because experience in humans is limited, patients should be advised to notify their physicians if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy. Because of the possibility that tiagabine may be excreted in breast milk, patients should be advised to notify those providing care to themselves and their children if they intend to breastfeed or are breastfeeding an infant.
Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry if they become pregnant. This registry is collecting information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. To enroll, patients can call the toll free number 1-888-233-2334 (see PRECAUTIONS , Pregnancy ).
💬 Medication Guide ▾
Medication Guide Tiagabine Hydrochloride Tablets Read this Medication Guide before you start taking tiagabine hydrochloride tablets and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment.
What is the most important information I should know about tiagabine hydrochloride? Do not stop taking tiagabine hydrochloride without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping tiagabine hydrochloride suddenly can cause serious problems.
Tiagabine hydrochloride can cause serious side effects, including: 1. Tiagabine HCl may cause seizures in people who do not have epilepsy. If you do not have a seizure disorder and you take tiagabine hydrochloride, you may have a seizure or seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus).
Call your healthcare provider right away if you have a seizure and you are not taking tiagabine hydrochloride for epilepsy. 2. Like other antiepileptic drugs, tiagabine hydrochloride may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500.
Call a healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: thoughts about suicide or dying attempts to commit suicide new or worse depression new or worse anxiety feeling agitated or restless panic attacks trouble sleeping (insomnia) new or worse irritability acting aggressive, being angry, or violent acting on dangerous impulses an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania) other unusual changes in behavior or mood Suicidal thoughts or actions can be caused by things other than medicines.
If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, your healthcare provider may check for other causes. How can I watch for early symptoms of suicidal thoughts and actions? Pay attention to any changes, especially sudden changes, in mood, behaviors, thoughts, or feelings.
Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider as scheduled. Call your healthcare provider between visits as needed, especially if you are worried about symptoms. Do not stop tiagabine hydrochloride without first talking to a healthcare provider.
Stopping tiagabine hydrochloride suddenly can cause serious problems. If you have epilepsy and stop a seizure medicine suddenly, you may have more frequent seizures or seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus). What is tiagabine hydrochloride?
Tiagabine hydrochloride is a prescription medicine used with other medicines to treat partial seizures in adults and children age 12 and older. Who should not take tiagabine hydrochloride? Do not take tiagabine hydrochloride if you are allergic to tiagabine hydrochloride or any of the other ingredients in tiagabine hydrochloride.
See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in tiagabine hydrochloride. What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking tiagabine hydrochloride? Before taking tiagabine hydrochloride, tell your healthcare provider if you: have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior have liver problems have a history of seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus) have any other medical conditions are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
It is not known if tiagabine hydrochloride can harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant while taking tiagabine hydrochloride. You and your healthcare provider will decide if you should take tiagabine hydrochloride while you are pregnant.
If you become pregnant while taking tiagabine hydrochloride, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the safety of antiepileptic medicines during pregnancy. You can enroll in this registry by calling 1-888-233-2334. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
It is not known if tiagabine…