HomeNDC LookupIngredientsBrilliant Blue G › 68803-0722-05
TISSUEBLUE Brilliant Blue G .0125 mg/.5mL Injection, Solution, 10 pouches — NDC 68803-0722-05 package photo

TISSUEBLUE Brilliant Blue G .0125 mg/.5mL Injection, Solution, 10 pouches

by D.O.R.C. Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (International) B.V. · 10 POUCH in 1 CARTON (68803-722-05) / 1 SYRINGE, GLASS in 1 POUCH / .5 mL in 1 SYRINGE, GLASS
NDC 68803-0722-05
🏷️ FDA NDC (as labeled) 68803-722-05 billing pads the product segment with a zero
Rx only Brand On market Non-controlled
🗂️ Data synced Jul 24, 2026 · sources: openFDA · FDA label (DailyMed) · FDA Orange & Purple Book · First Databank · CMS NADAC, ASP, Medicare & Medicaid · RxNorm
📋 All sources & update times →

🆔 Identity & classification

FDA NDC (as labeled) 68803-722-05
Product NDC 68803-722
11-digit billing NDC 68803072205
NCPDP billing unit ML — per mL (volume)
UNII M1ZRX790SI
Application # NDA209569
SPL Set ID 9d4b28b4-c582-4e2c-abd9-f7e203378e2d
Established class (EPC) Disclosing Agent
Mechanism of action Dyes
DEA schedule Non-controlled
Marketing category NDA
Marketing status On market
FDA listing status Listed (active directory)
Marketing start 2019-12-31
Route INTRAOCULAR, OPHTHALMIC
Dosage form INJECTION, SOLUTION
Substance BRILLIANT BLUE G
GPI-14 8678001000E520
GPI class TissueBlue
GCN Seq No 076320
GCN 41754
HICL code 039440
Ingredient (HICL) C.i. Acid Blue 90
HIC1 code Q
Therapeutic class — broad (HIC1) Ear/Eye/Nose/Rectum/Topical/Vagina/Other
HIC2 code Q2
Therapeutic class — intermediate (HIC2) Drugs Acting On The Eye
HIC3 code Q2B
Therapeutic class — specific (HIC3) Ophthalmic Surgical Aids
AHFS code 36:58.00.00
AHFS class Ocular Disorders
FDB label name TISSUEBLUE 0.025% SYRINGE
FDB brand name Tissueblue
Legend status F — Federal legend — prescription drug or device
Why two NDCs? The FDA registers this code as 68803-722-05 — a 5-3-2 layout, and that's what's printed on the package and shown on DailyMed. For insurance claims, every NDC is standardized to a uniform 11-digit 5-4-2 format by adding a zero to the product segment → 68803-0722-05. Same drug, same package — only the format differs.
Where does this data come from?
Identifiers from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory and Structured Product Labeling; RxCUI from RxNorm (NLM); GPI from Medi-Span; GCN / HIC / AHFS / legend from First Databank.

🏭 Manufacturer & labeler

LabelerD.O.R.C. Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (International) B.V.
Application holderDUTCH OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH CENTER INTERNATIONAL BV
FDA applicationNDA209569 (NDA)
Labeler code68803
First marketedDec 2019
Product typeHuman Prescription Drug
Portfolio2 products on file
The labeler markets the product; the application holder owns the FDA approval. They’re often the same company but can differ (e.g. a repackager or an authorized generic). A mailing address / phone appears here when the manufacturer includes it in the product’s FDA label (not all do).
Where does this data come from?
Labeler, application holder and registered establishment from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory and Drugs@FDA; address/contact from the product’s FDA label.

🩺 Clinical

Label name TISSUEBLUE 0.025% SYRINGE Ingredient C.i. Acid Blue 90
Where does this data come from?
Plain-language summary from MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine); supplement & herbal interactions and nutrient depletion data from the Natural Medicines database; our full guide is HelloPharmacist editorial content.

🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients

Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.

💡 Tap an ingredient (hover on desktop) to see what it is and why it’s used.

  • 2 mg / 0.5 mL UNII G2M7P15E5P
    Polyethylene glycol 3350 is a synthetic polymer used as a solvent, humectant, and thickening agent in medicines. It helps dissolve other ingredients, retain moisture in the product, and achieve the desired consistency.
  • 8.2 mg / 0.5 mL UNII 451W47IQ8X
    Sodium chloride is common table salt. It's used in medicines as a buffer to maintain proper pH, as a filler to add bulk, or to adjust the osmotic balance in liquid formulations.
  • 3.1 mg / 0.5 mL UNII E1W4N241FO
    A salt compound derived from phosphoric acid and sodium, used as a buffer to help maintain the medication's pH level and as a filler to give the tablet or capsule its proper form and size.
  • 0.3 mg / 0.5 mL UNII 5QWK665956
    A salt derived from phosphoric acid and sodium, used primarily as a buffer to control the acidity or pH of a medication, helping keep it stable during storage and use.
  • 4743 g / 0.5 mL UNII 059QF0KO0R
    Water is a liquid solvent that dissolves and mixes ingredients together in liquid medicines, syrups, and injections. It helps distribute the active drug evenly throughout the product.

5 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.

Where does this data come from?
Data sourced from official FDA Structured Product Labeling (SPL) via DailyMedingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.

Inactive ingredient FAQ

Are inactive ingredients the same for every manufacturer?
No. Inactive ingredients can differ by manufacturer, dosage form, strength, and package / product version.
Why might an inactive ingredient be missing?
Some SPLs do not provide a complete structured inactive-ingredient list, and older or unusual labels may only include the information in narrative text.
Can inactive ingredients matter?
Yes. They can matter for allergies, intolerances, dyes, gluten / lactose concerns, preservatives, and formulation differences — but confirm with a pharmacist or the manufacturer when it’s clinically important.

💲 Pricing

A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.

Price systemPer mLPer package
Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly Not in the retail survey — common for institutional, discontinued, or low-volume packs.
Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo No recent Medicaid claims on file for this NDC — rare and low-volume NDCs are suppressed in the public data.
Medicare drug plans payPart D · quarterly No Part D plan price is available for this NDC in our data.
ℹ️
No price is published for this exact package yet. CMS surveys NADAC per package size, so a different pack of the same drug often has one.
Where does this data come from?
NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) is the CMS weekly pharmacy-acquisition-cost survey — what pharmacies pay. ASP (Average Sales Price) is the CMS Medicare Part B drug-payment file, published quarterly. Medicaid pays is computed by us from CMS State Drug Utilization Data (total reimbursed ÷ units, trailing 12 months) — gross of rebates and inclusive of dispensing fees, so it reflects what Medicaid paid, not an acquisition cost. Medicare drug plans pay is the median negotiated point-of-sale unit cost across plans listing this NDC in the CMS quarterly Prescription Drug Plan pricing files, before rebates. The VA pays is the federal contract price (FSS, and the statutory Big 4 ceiling where listed) from the VA National Acquisition Center pharmaceutical price file. All are free public government data; each measures a different payer, so the figures are not directly comparable.

🔁 Therapeutic equivalents

ProductLabelerPackNADAC/unitTEStatusPrice vs. this
Tissueblue .0125 mg/.5mLthis 68803-0722-05 D.O.R.C. 10 pouches FDA listed
About this product: this is the brand-name version. We did not find an FDA-approved generic match for this exact strength, form and route.
Where does this data come from?
Equivalents are other NDCs of the same ingredient, form and route from the openFDA NDC Directory, ranked least-expensive-first by NADAC. Therapeutic-equivalence (AB) ratings come from the FDA Orange Book; biologics use the FDA Purple Book for biosimilar & interchangeable status.

Availability & generic status

🏛️
2019
First FDA approval
Dec 2019
📍
2026
Currently FDA-listed
7 years listed
🛡️
2026
Latest patent/protection listed
not a guaranteed launch date
🔒No FDA-approved generic found

We did not find an FDA-approved generic match for this exact strength, form and route. Patent/protection dates below may affect future generic timing.

🛡️ Latest patent/protection date listed: FDA patent/protection data lists protections through Dec 2026. This may affect when a full generic version becomes widely available, but it is not a guaranteed launch date.
📅 FDA approved Dec 20, 2019 RLD RS ⏳ ~0.3 yr to latest listed protection

Why the date isn’t exact: Generic timing can change because patents may be challenged, settled, licensed, added, removed, or worked around with a narrower label — and FDA approval does not always mean a pharmacy can get the generic today.

Patents & exclusivity — FDA Orange Book
Exclusivity ODE-282
2019 2021 2023 2025 2027
Today
LOE
Substance patent Formulation patent Method-of-use patent Exclusivity Pediatric +6mo
🏛️FDA exclusivity
FDA-granted marketing protection. It’s separate from patents and may be shorter than patent protection.
🧪Product / substance patents
Patents covering the active ingredient, product, formulation, or related drug features.
🎯Method-of-use patents
Patents covering specific approved uses. These can sometimes be carved out with a “skinny label,” but not always.
🛈 What do these terms mean?
Patent
Legal protection listed in the Orange Book that may delay generic approval or launch. Issued by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office.
Substance patent
Covers the active drug molecule itself — the hardest to design around. A generic generally can’t launch until it expires.
Formulation (product) patent
Covers a specific formulation or dosage form. A generic can sometimes work around it with a different formulation.
Method-of-use patent
A patent covering one specific approved use of the drug — not necessarily the whole molecule. A generic can sometimes launch with a “skinny label” that carves out the protected use and keeps the others.
Skinny label
A generic label that omits a still-patented use when the FDA allows it — letting a generic reach the market for the unprotected uses.
Exclusivity
FDA-granted marketing protection, separate from patents — e.g. 5-yr new chemical entity, 7-yr orphan drug, or a +6-month pediatric extension.
Paragraph IV
A generic applicant’s formal challenge to a listed patent. It can potentially lead to earlier generic entry, but often involves litigation or a settlement.
RLD / RS
Reference Listed Drug — the brand product the FDA uses as the reference for generic applications. Reference Standard — the product the FDA expects generics to compare against in bioequivalence testing.
TE / AB rating
FDA therapeutic-equivalence rating. An AB rating generally means the FDA considers a generic therapeutically equivalent to — and substitutable for — the brand.
LOE (loss of exclusivity)
The latest patent or exclusivity currently listed — the loss-of-exclusivity / latest-listed-protection date shown on this page. Paragraph-IV challenges and settlements can move the real date earlier; FDA approval and a manufacturer’s decision to market can move it later.

Built from the FDA Orange Book. The bars above are scaled to each protection’s expiry; the red LOE marker is the last one to lapse.

FDA exclusivity
CodeWhat it grantsExpires
ODE-282Orphan Drug Exclusivity (7-year)Dec 20, 2026
Common questions
Is there a generic version of TISSUEBLUE 0.025% SYRINGE?
No FDA-approved generic equivalent is currently listed in the FDA Orange Book for TISSUEBLUE 0.025% SYRINGE. Based on the patents and exclusivity currently listed, the Orange Book estimate is that full-label generic entry may be delayed until Dec 2026 — an estimate, not a guaranteed launch date.
The FDA approved a generic — why can’t I get it at my pharmacy yet?
FDA approval and pharmacy availability are two different things. The FDA can approve a generic years before it actually reaches pharmacies, because the brand company may still hold patents or have a settlement that delays the launch. A manufacturer also has to choose to make and sell it, and have supply ready. So a drug can be “FDA-approved generic exists” and still be brand-only at the counter today.
Why do different websites show different generic release dates?
Generic availability is not based on one single date. Some sources use the first exclusivity expiration, some use the last product patent, and others use the latest method-of-use patent. Patent challenges, settlements, licenses, and label carve-outs can also change the real-world launch date. This page shows the underlying Orange Book dates so you can see why estimates may differ.
What does “FDA listed” mean?
It means the product appears in the FDA’s official NDC directory. That’s a good sign a product exists and is intended for the U.S. market, but on its own it does not confirm a pharmacy can fill it today. Where we have recent retail pricing data (NADAC) for a product, we label it “Availability likely” instead.
What does a patent or protection date mean here?
It’s the latest date currently listed in the FDA Orange Book for a patent or exclusivity on the brand product. It can affect when a full generic version becomes widely available — but it is not a guaranteed generic launch date. Generics sometimes arrive earlier (through a settlement or patent challenge) or later (a manufacturer still has to make and sell one).
What does “current Orange Book estimate” mean?
It means we are using the latest patent and exclusivity dates currently listed in the FDA Orange Book. It is not a guaranteed launch date.
Can a generic come out before the last patent expires?
Sometimes. A generic company may challenge a patent, settle with the brand manufacturer, receive a license, or obtain approval with a narrower label that avoids a patented use. In other cases, the last listed protection may delay full-label generic competition.
Can a generic come out after the listed dates?
Yes. Even after patents or exclusivity expire, a generic still needs FDA approval and a manufacturer must choose to market it. Supply, litigation, business decisions, or regulatory issues can delay actual availability.
What is the difference between patents and exclusivity?
Patents are legal protections usually issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. FDA exclusivity is marketing protection granted by the FDA. They are separate, and either one can affect generic timing.
Why are there multiple patent dates?
One drug can have several patents covering different things: the active ingredient, a formulation, a manufacturing process, or a specific approved use. That is why a page may show several expiration dates instead of one simple generic date.
Built from FDA Orange Book patent and exclusivity data. Dates are refreshed from public FDA data when available; the marker is max(latest patent expiry, latest exclusivity expiry). Paragraph-IV settlements and first-filer 180-day exclusivity can shift the real date; a method-of-use patent may allow an earlier skinny-label generic for non-protected indications. Generic launch timing is an estimate, not a guarantee.
Where does this data come from?
Patents and exclusivity from the FDA Orange Book (small-molecule drugs), refreshed from public FDA data. Generic launch timing is an estimate, not a guarantee.

📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product

Package NDCDescription Marketing startStatus
68803-0722-05 You're viewing this 10 POUCH in 1 CARTON (68803-722-05) / 1 SYRINGE, GLASS in 1 POUCH / .5 mL in 1 SYRINGE, GLASS 2019-12-31 Active

🧭 About this NDC listing & data coverage

Finished prescription product
What data is (and isn’t) available for this NDC — tap to expand
NDC identity (package / product / labeler codes) ✓ Available
Labeler ✓ Available
Product & package description ✓ Available
Marketing category & status ✓ Available
Active ingredient / dosage form / route ✓ Available
FDA label (SPL via DailyMed) ✓ Available
Package photos ✓ Available
Inactive ingredients (structured) ✓ Available
NADAC pharmacy acquisition price (CMS) — Not published for this NDC CMS publishes NADAC only for NDCs reported in its retail-pharmacy survey.
Orange Book / therapeutic-equivalence data ✓ Available
HCPCS J-code billing crosswalk — Not published for this NDC Most self-administered / retail products have no J-code — that is normal.
Medicaid utilization (CMS SDUD) — Not published for this NDC CMS reports utilization only for NDCs with Medicaid claims above its privacy threshold.
“Not published” reflects what the public FDA / CMS / NLM sources provide for this exact package code — it is a property of the data feeds, not a judgment about the product.

Questions about this listing

Why is there no price listed?
The pricing shown on our NDC pages comes from CMS NADAC, a voluntary survey of retail community pharmacy invoices. CMS does not publish a NADAC for every NDC — packages outside the retail survey (institutional and hospital products, bulk packages, discontinued items, and many OTC items) may never receive one. A missing price reflects the survey's scope, not this product's actual cost, and does not mean the product is free or unavailable.
Is the NDC printed on the package the same as the 11-digit billing NDC?
Yes, they identify this exact package in different formats. The FDA registers it as 68803-722-05, which is what is printed on the packaging and shown on DailyMed. Insurance claims use a fixed 11-digit 5-4-2 format, so the short segment is padded with a leading zero: 68803-0722-05, written without dashes as 68803072205. The Identity section at the top of this page lists every form of this code.
What do the three segments of this NDC mean?
In 68803-0722-05, the first segment (68803) is the labeler code FDA assigned to D.O.R.C. Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (International) B.V.; the middle segment (0722) identifies this specific product — its ingredient, strength, and dosage form; and the last segment (05) identifies this exact package size and type. Together they name one specific package of one specific product.
Is this package still being marketed?
Yes, per the latest FDA NDC Directory data on this page: this package is listed as actively marketed, with no marketing end date reported by D.O.R.C. Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (International) B.V.. Listing status can change — the directory data on this page refreshes weekly.
Who lists this product with the FDA?
D.O.R.C. Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (International) B.V. is the labeler of record for this NDC — the company under whose FDA-assigned code the package is listed. The labeler may be the manufacturer itself or a distributor marketing the product under its own code.
Do I need a prescription for this product?
This NDC is listed with FDA as a prescription product, so it is dispensed under a prescriber's order. Your pharmacist can tell you whether any over-the-counter forms of the same medication exist.
This page identifies an FDA-listed package (the NDC) and reports public regulatory and pricing data about the listing. It is reference information, not a medical recommendation — talk to your pharmacist or prescriber about your own medication.
Where does this data come from?
Listing facts (marketing category, packager status, marketing dates) from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory; label availability from DailyMed; pricing coverage from CMS NADAC; equivalence scope from the FDA Orange Book.

📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL

The complete FDA label for this product — the official prescribing information, verbatim, section by section. Jump with a chip, search within the label, or expand everything.
🎯 Indications and Usage 30 words

Indications & Usage TissueBlue 0.025% is indicated to selectively stain the internal limiting membrane (ILM). TissueBlue 0.025% is a disclosing agent indicated to selectively stain the internal limiting membrane (ILM).

⏱️ Dosage and Administration 82 words

Dosage & Administration TissueBlue 0.025% is carefully injected into the Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)-filled vitreous cavity using a blunt cannula attached to the pre-filled syringe, without allowing the cannula to contact the retina or allowing TissueBlue to get under the retina. Sufficient staining is expected within a few seconds. Following staining, all excess dye should be removed from the vitreous cavity.

Inject TissueBlue 0.025% directly in a Balanced Salt Solution (BSS)-filled vitreous cavity. Excess TissueBlue should be removed from the vitreous cavity.

💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths 51 words

Dosage forms & Strengths TissueBlue (Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution) 0.025% is a clear, bright blue, single-dose ophthalmic solution supplied in 2.25 mL syringes pre-filled to a volume of 0.5 mL. TissueBlue (Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution) 0.025% is supplied in 2.25 mL syringes filled to a volume of 0.5 mL.

Contraindications 3 words

Contraindications None None

⚠️ Warnings and Cautions 75 words

Warnings and Precautions Excessive Staining Excess TissueBlue 0.025% should be removed from the eye immediately after staining. Use of the Syringe Make sure the plunger moves smoothly before injecting the solution. Do not use the product if the plunger does not move smoothly to prime the cannula.

Excessive staining: Excess TissueBlue 0.025% should be removed from the eye immediately after staining. Use of the syringe: Make sure the plunger moves smoothly before injecting the solution.

🤒 Adverse Reactions 92 words

Adverse Reactions Adverse reactions that have been reported in procedures that included the use of Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution have often been associated with the surgical procedure. These complications include retinal (retinal break, tear, hemorrhage, and detachment) and cataracts. Adverse reactions that have been reported in procedures that included the use of TissueBlue 0.025% have often been associated with the surgical procedure.

The complications include retinal (retinal break, tear, hemorrhage, and detachment and cataracts. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Dutch Ophthalmic, USA at 1-800-75-DUTCH or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

👥 Use in Specific Populations 199 words

Use in specific populations Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on the use of TissueBlue 0.025% in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk. Systemic absorption of TissueBlue 0.025% in humans is expected to be negligible following intravitreal injection and subsequent removal of the drug at the completion of surgical procedures. Due to the negligible systemic exposure, it is not expected that maternal use of TissueBlue 0.025% will result in fetal exposure to the drug.

Adequate animal reproduction studies were not conducted with TissueBlue 0.025%. Lactation Risk Summary No data are available regarding the presence of Brilliant Blue G in human milk after intraocular administration of TissueBlue 0.025%, or the effects on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. However, breastfeeding is not expected to result in exposure of the child to Brilliant Blue G due to the expected negligible systemic exposure of BBG in humans following intravitreal injection and subsequent removal of the drug at the completion of surgical procedures.

Pediatric use The safety and effectiveness of TissueBlue 0.025% in pediatric patients has not been established. Geriatric use No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly and younger adult patients.

🤰 Pregnancy 84 words

Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on the use of TissueBlue 0.025% in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk. Systemic absorption of TissueBlue 0.025% in humans is expected to be negligible following intravitreal injection and subsequent removal of the drug at the completion of surgical procedures. Due to the negligible systemic exposure, it is not expected that maternal use of TissueBlue 0.025% will result in fetal exposure to the drug.

Adequate animal reproduction studies were not conducted with TissueBlue 0.025%.

🧒 Pediatric Use 16 words

Pediatric use The safety and effectiveness of TissueBlue 0.025% in pediatric patients has not been established.

🧓 Geriatric Use 17 words

Geriatric use No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly and younger adult patients.

🧬 Clinical Pharmacology 44 words

Clinical Pharmacology Mechanism of action Brilliant Blue G has been shown to selectively stain the ILM, but not the epiretinal membrane nor the retina, making it easier to visualize the membrane for removal, although the exact mechanism of this selectivity has not been elucidated.

🧬 Mechanism of Action 42 words

Mechanism of action Brilliant Blue G has been shown to selectively stain the ILM, but not the epiretinal membrane nor the retina, making it easier to visualize the membrane for removal, although the exact mechanism of this selectivity has not been elucidated.

📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling 71 words

How Supplied/Storage and Handling TissueBlue (Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution), 0.025% is supplied as 0.5 mL of Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution, 0.025% in a sterile, single-dose Luer Lok, 2.25 mL glass syringe, with a grey rubber plunger stopper and tip cap with polypropylene plunger rod in a pre-formed polypropylene blister pouch sealed with a Tyvek® lid. NDC 68803-722-05 (One 0.5 mL syringe) NDC 68803-722-25 (Carton of five 0.5 mL syringes)

📦 Storage and Handling 22 words

How Supplied/Storage and Handling TissueBlue 0.025% should be stored at 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Protect from light, frost and moisture.

📋 Description 106 words

Description TissueBlue (Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution) 0.025% is a sterile solution of BBG (a dye) for intraocular ophthalmic use. Each mL of TissueBlue 0.025% contains BBG 0.25 mg, polyethylene glycol and buffered sodium chloride solution (sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phospage, water for injection). Phosphoric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may also be used for pH adjustment.

The pH range of TissueBlue 0.025% Solution is between 7.3 and 7.6. The drug substance BBG has the chemical name Brilliant Blue G, a molecular weight of 854.02 and has the following chemical structure: Molecular formula: C 47 H 48 N 3 NaO 7 S 2 BBG.jpg

Source: FDA Structured Product Labeling, mirrored from DailyMed / openFDA. Prefer the government’s original formatting? View this label on DailyMed ↗
For educational and professional reference only — not medical advice. Pricing reflects published NADAC and CMS ASP (free public data) and may differ from your acquisition cost; always verify before billing or dispensing.