Apple Polyphenols - Exubera (Inhaled Insulin) Interaction
Herbal: Apple Polyphenols
Also Known As: Apple Phenolics, Apple Polyphenol Extract, Phloretin, Phlorizin
Drug: Inhaled Insulin
Brand names:
Exubera
Medical Content Editor Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD
Last updated
May 04, 2025
Interaction Details
Inhaled Insulin is classified as belonging to the following category: Insulin
In healthy adults, taking 900-1800 mg of a polyphenol-rich apple extract prior to a meal delays the time to peak postprandial blood glucose levels. Theoretically, apple polyphenols might have additive effects when used concomitantly with certain insulin products and may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Timing of insulin administration may need to be adjusted.
Interaction Rating
Likelihood of Occurrence
ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
References
- Prpa EJ, Corpe CP, Atkinson B, et al. Apple polyphenol-rich drinks dose-dependently decrease early-phase postprandial glucose concentrations following a high-carbohydrate meal: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and in vitro studies. J Nutr B
Apple Polyphenols Overview
Apple polyphenols are phytochemicals extracted from apples, containing compounds such as chlorogenic acid, phlorizin, phloretin, epicatechin, procyanidins, quercetin, and kaempferol. These polyphenols are believed to offer therapeutic benefits primarily through their antioxidant effects. They are commonly used for conditions like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, although there's insufficient reliable information to rate their effectiveness for these uses. Apple polyphenols are typically considered safe when used orally, short-term, or topically, with no known major drug interactions. They are absorbed in the gut, with salivary digestion playing a role, and are metabolized via methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation before being released into the bloodstream.
Apple Polyphenols - More Interactions
Apple Polyphenols interacts with 13 drugs
Interaction Rating Key
These severity listings are for informational use only. Never start, stop or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.
| Major | The combined use of these agents is strongly discouraged as serious side effects or other negative outcomes could occur. |
| Moderate | Use cautiously under the care of a healthcare professional or avoid this combination. A significant interaction or negative outcome could occur. |
| Minor | Be aware that there is a chance of an interaction. Watch for warning signs of a potential interaction. |
| Unknown | No interactions have been reported or no interaction data is currently available. |
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Drug descriptions are provided by MedlinePlus.
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In addition to being a clinical pharmacist specializing in pharmacotherapy, Dr. Brian Staiger is a registered herbalist through the American Herbalist Guild. He has combined his passion for pharmacy practice with the study of medical ethnobotany to improve patient care. Feel free to reach out about any of your herbal or medication questions!
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