Activated Coconut Charcoal Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Activated Coconut Charcoal against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Activated Coconut Charcoal is a dietary supplement by Nature's Answer with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for poisoning and drug overdose (in emergency care), gas and bloating, upset stomach.Based on those ingredients, 2,108 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Activated Charcoal, Licorice root extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
This product has 4 ingredients total. The two active ones are activated charcoal — a highly porous form of carbon used to bind substances in your digestive system — and licorice root extract.
The other two are polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats from the coconut oil base. The remaining components are inactive ingredients: olive oil, gelatin, glycerin, purified water, fumed silica, glyceryl monostearate, sunflower lecithin, carob extract, and titanium dioxide (a coloring agent).
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
For activated charcoal, the evidence shows it's possibly effective for poisoning (such as certain drug overdoses or toxin exposures). For other uses — hyperphosphatemia (high blood phosphate), wound healing, dyspepsia (indigestion), hangover, and high cholesterol — the evidence is insufficient to rate.
Licorice root extract is possibly effective for atopic dermatitis (eczema) and canker sores. Its use for Addison disease or asthma hasn't been established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Activated charcoal is generally well tolerated for short-term use but commonly causes constipation, black stools, bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence. Rarely, it may cause gastrointestinal obstruction.
Because it reduces the absorption of many substances, it can interfere with nutrient and medication uptake. Licorice root extract is generally well tolerated in food amounts, but high doses or long-term use can cause serious problems from glycyrrhizin, a key compound in licorice.
Common side effects include headache, nausea, and vomiting. Topical use on skin may rarely cause allergic contact dermatitis.
The safety data is insufficient for routine pregnancy use with activated charcoal — it's rated possibly safe — but licorice is rated unsafe in pregnancy due to links with harmful effects, and breastfeeding safety isn't well established. Check with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check your medications against these types before taking this product: oral drugs (Major severity), contraceptive drugs, digoxin, blood thinners (warfarin), loop diuretics, chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel), midazolam, and drugs metabolized by CYP2B6 or CYP2C19 enzymes. Avoid or space out alcohol use, as it can reduce how well the charcoal works.
Run your exact medications through the checker on this page.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product is used mainly for acute poisoning or toxin exposure under medical supervision, not routine daily wellness. If you take any prescription or over-the-counter medications — especially heart drugs, blood thinners, contraceptives, or chemotherapy — you need to check them against the interaction list before starting.
Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should talk to their pharmacist or doctor first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2016.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Activated Coconut Charcoal, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Nature's Answer |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 083000265259 |
| Net contents | 60 Fast-Acting Liquid Softgel(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | May 22, 2016 |
| DSLD ID | 59437 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Softgel Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 25 {Calories} | -- |
| Calories from Fat | 25 {Calories} | -- |
| Saturated Fat | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Polyunsaturated Fat | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Total Fat | 2.5 Gram(s) | 4% |
| Monounsaturated Fat | 2 Gram(s) | -- |
| Activated Charcoal | 560 mg | -- |
| Licorice root extract | 40 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, purified Water, fumed Silica, Glyceryl Monostearate, Sunflower Lecithin, Carob extract, Titanium Dioxide
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Discover CocoNutz Charcoal and trust the difference... The true nature of our standards goes way beyond the norm...
Patent Pending.
CocoNutz
2015 Nature's Answer, Inc.
Patent Pending Liquid Technology 600 mg
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food Drug and Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
Gluten Free
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
General Statements
Since 1972
New Detox Formula
Precautions
May cause darkening of the stool.
If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, planning any medical procedure or have a medical condition, consult with your healthcare practitioner before use. Caution: Activated charcoal may absorb medications (such as heart drugs or birth control) if taken at the same time. Consult a physician if you are taking drugs as this dietary supplement may interfere with their effectiveness. Allow at least one hour after or two hours before taking any medication.
Warning: Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
Gluten-Free
Formula
Includes DGL Licorice
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take (2) capsules once a day with food or water.
General
Serial Number 62/114,911 27525 Rev. 1115
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer
These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Activated Charcoal
Interacts with2,027 drugs
Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some poisonings...
Activated Charcoal monograph & interactionsLicorice root extract
Interacts with1,040 drugs
Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...
Licorice root extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Purified Water, Fumed Silica, Glyceryl Monostearate, Sunflower Lecithin, Carob extract, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer contains activated charcoal and licorice root extract — two ingredients with documented drug interactions.
The most serious concern is activated charcoal's Major-severity interaction with oral drugs: it binds to and reduces the absorption of many medications, including acetaminophen, aminophylline, amiodarone, atenolol, and carbamazepine, among many others. This can make those drugs less effective.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Activated charcoal also has Moderate-severity interactions with oral contraceptive drugs — it may reduce their absorption and raise the risk of contraceptive failure — and with alcohol, which can lower charcoal's binding ability. Licorice root extract carries Moderate-severity interactions with digoxin (a heart drug), blood thinners like warfarin, loop diuretic water pills, chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel), midazolam (a sedative), and certain drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2B6, CYP2C19) that affect how your body processes many medications.
We could not check polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat for interactions — we hold no data for these ingredients. Altogether, these interactions span 2,089 individual medications.
Use the medication checker on this page to verify your exact drugs before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Activated Coconut Charcoal?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Activated Coconut Charcoal interact with 2,108 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 2 ingredients in Activated Coconut Charcoal interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Activated Charcoal Licorice root extract
BendamustineBelrapzo, Treanda, Vivimusta
How Bendamustine interacts with Activated Coconut Charcoal — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Bendamustine interactionBendamustine HydrochlorideBendeka
How Bendamustine Hydrochloride interacts with Activated Coconut Charcoal — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Bendamustine Hydrochloride interactionRopivacaineNaropin
How Ropivacaine interacts with Activated Coconut Charcoal — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract + Ropivacaine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Activated Coconut Charcoal with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Activated Charcoal
Oral Drugs
Activated charcoal reduces systemic exposure to many drugs, including those that undergo enterohepatic recirculation, regardless of the route of administration.
Activated charcoal adsorbs various drugs and may reduce their absorption and/or half-life. Examples of affected drugs include acetaminophen, aminophylline, amiodarone, atenolol, carbamazepine, dapsone, digoxin, disopyramide, fluoxetine, indomethacin, moxifloxacin, nadolol, phenytoin, phenobarbital, piroxicam, quinine, sotalol, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, valproate, and verapamil. Avoid co-administration, except after drug overdose.
Alcohol (Ethanol)
The binding action of activated charcoal may be reduced by alcohol.
Alcohol may lower the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
Contraceptive Drugs
Activated charcoal may reduce the clinical effects of oral contraceptives.
Activated charcoal, taken in a dose of 5 grams four times daily for 3 days, may bind to, and reduce the absorption of, oral contraceptives, thereby limiting their effectiveness and increasing the risk of contraceptive failure. However, some clinical research shows that the risk for this interaction is minimal when activated charcoal is taken either 3 hours after or at least 12 hours before oral contraceptives.
Licorice root extract
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Activated Coconut Charcoal, from the product label.
Nature's Answer
See all Nature's Answer products- Name
- Nature's Answer
- City
- Hauppauge
- State
- NY
- ZipCode
- 11788-3943
- Phone Number
- (800) 439-2324
- Web Address
- www.naturesanswer.com
Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer: Common Questions
Does Activated Coconut Charcoal by Nature's Answer interact with any medications?
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Is licorice root safe to use long-term?
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Activated Coconut Charcoal is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Activated Coconut Charcoal’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Activated Charcoal
Interacts with 2,027 drugsActivated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some poisonings and overdoses. For everyday uses like g...
Read the full Activated Charcoal monograph → Herb & supplement monographLicorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Activated Coconut Charcoal's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 106 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Activated Charcoal 14 references
- Kaaja RJ, Kontula KK, Raiha A, Laatikainen T. Treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy with peroral activated charcoal. A preliminary study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:178-81.
- Anon. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin T
- Park GD, Spector R, Kitt TM. Superactivated charcoal versus cholestyramine for cholesterol lowering: a randomized cross-over trial. J Clin Pharmacol 1988;28:416-9. PubMed
- Hoegberg LC, Angelo HR, Christophersen AB, Christensen HR. Effect of ethanol and pH on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetamol) to high surface activated charcoal, in vitro studies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40:59-67. PubMed
- Brahmi N, Kouraichi N, Thabet H, Amamou M. Influence of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics and the clinical features of carbamazepine poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2006;24(4):440-3. PubMed
- Gude AB, Hoegberg LC, Angelo HR, Christensen HR. Dose-dependent adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination of a simulated paracetamol overdose in human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010;106(5)406-10. PubMed
- Wananukul W, Klaikleun S, Sriapha C, Tongpoo A. Effect of activated charcoal in reducing paracetamol absorption at supra-therapeutic dose. J Med Assoc Thai 2010;93(10):1145-9.
- Wang Z, Cui M, Tang L, et al. Oral activated charcoal suppresses hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012;17(7):616-20. PubMed
- Wang X, Mondal S, Wang J, et al. Effect of activated charcoal on apixaban pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2014;14(2):147-54. PubMed
- Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, et al. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005;43(2):61-87. PubMed
- Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;2:CD003328. PubMed
- Elomaa K, Ranta S, Tuominen J, Lähteenmäki P. Charcoal treatment and risk of escape ovulation in oral contraceptive users. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(1):76-81. PubMed
- Gao Y, Wang G, Li Y, Lv C, Wang Z. Effects of oral activated charcoal on hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification in Chinese patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2019;32(2):265-72. PubMed
- Skov K, Graudal NA, Jürgens G. The effect of activated charcoal on drug exposure following intravenous administration: A meta-analysis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021;128(4):568-578. PubMed
Licorice 92 references
- Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
- Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
- Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
- Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
- Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
- Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
- Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
- Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
- Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
- Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
- Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
- Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
- Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
- de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
- Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
- Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. PubMed
- Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10.
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