Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Advanced Ambrose Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Mannatech

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Advanced Ambrose is a dietary supplement by Mannatech with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for soothing sore throat and cough, digestive upset and constipation, thickening or binding agent in products.Based on those ingredients, 2,197 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Gum Tragacanth, Aloe Vera Extract, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Advanced Ambrotose Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (670 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Advanced Ambrose is an 8-ingredient capsule containing glucosamine HCl (for joint health), vitamin A (for vision and immune support), aloe vera extract (used traditionally for skin and digestion), larch arabinogalactan (a fiber), gum tragacanth (a fiber), and Advanced Ambrotose Complex (a proprietary blend of polysaccharides—carbohydrates thought to support cellular health). The product also contains inactive ingredients: vegetable cellulose capsules and stearic acid as a processing aid.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: immune system support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Infection resistance, Immune response.
  • The closest evidence on file: Aloe is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Common cold (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Aloe is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for HIV/AIDS, Influenza.
  • Also on file: Vitamin A is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for HIV/AIDS-related diarrhea, HIV/AIDS.

Glucosamine in this product is rated likely effective for osteoarthritis. Vitamin A is rated effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Aloe vera extract is rated possibly effective for acne, obesity, diabetes, psoriasis, burns, and constipation. For the other active ingredients—tragacanth, arabinogalactan, and Advanced Ambrotose Complex—the evidence we hold does not establish effectiveness for any condition.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Tragacanth Glucosamine Larch Arabinogalactan Aloe Vitamin A

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Glucosamine is generally well tolerated by most adults, though quality and benefit vary. Common side effects include bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea.

Rare serious effects have been reported. A small number of sensitive people have experienced allergic reactions including mild rash or itching, moderate shortness of breath, or severe reactions; anaphylaxis is very rare.

Cases of asthma flare-ups with glucosamine-chondroitin products have been reported. Vitamin A is generally safe at recommended amounts but can be toxic in high doses because it builds up in your body.

Aloe vera gel is generally well tolerated topically, but oral aloe latex can cause abdominal pain, cramps, and diarrhea. Long-term overuse can lead to potassium loss and heart rhythm problems.

Tragacanth can trigger asthma symptoms in people sensitive to quillaia bark. Arabinogalactan is generally well tolerated but may cause bloating and gas.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding: there is not enough safety data for tragacanth, glucosamine, or arabinogalactan—talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Aloe latex should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding because it may stimulate the uterus and act as a strong laxative.

Vitamin A at normal dietary and recommended supplement amounts is appropriate in pregnancy, but high-dose supplements (especially retinol) can cause birth defects and should be avoided; normal amounts are safe while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Tragacanth Glucosamine Larch Arabinogalactan Aloe Vitamin A

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Aloe, Tragacanth, Glucosamine, Vitamin A, Larch Arabinogalactan.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 2,198 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Advanced Ambrose, have your pharmacist check if you take warfarin (Major risk of increased bleeding), digoxin (Major risk of heart toxicity), or retinoids like tretinoin or isotretinoin (Major risk of vitamin A toxicity). Also flag moderate-risk medications: topoisomerase II inhibitors or other cancer drugs, tetracycline antibiotics, hepatotoxic drugs, anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners and aspirin-type drugs), antidiabetes drugs, diuretics (water pills), stimulant laxatives, immunosuppressants, and CYP1A2 substrates (certain psychiatric and pain medications).

Tragacanth may also affect oral drug absorption—take it 30–60 minutes after other medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Advanced Ambrose is best suited for adults without heart conditions, blood clotting disorders, or diabetes who are not taking retinoids or immunosuppressants. If you take warfarin, digoxin, cancer medications, tetracycline antibiotics, or any blood thinner or blood sugar medication, check with your pharmacist before starting this product.

The same goes if you take any hepatotoxic drugs or immunosuppressants. Talk to your pharmacist—they can run your medications through our interaction checker.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 25, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Advanced Ambrose, straight from the product label.

Brand Mannatech
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 25, 2014
DSLD ID 34790
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
IngredientAmount% DV
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Rice Starch0 NP--
Advanced Ambrotose Complex670 mg--
Ghatti Gum0 NP--
Gum Tragacanth0 NP--
Glucosamine HCl0 NP--
Vitamin A326 IU7%
Arabinogalactan0 NP--
Aloe Vera Extract0 NP--
Wakame (Undaria Pinnatifida) Algae Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Stearic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Advanced Ambrotose capsules contain a unique blend of plant polysaccharides that help to support the immune system.

Contains Manapol(R)

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Adult Use: Take two capsules two times daily with 8 fl oz of water or juice.

Precautions

WARNING: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, have a health condition or are planning a medical procedure, consult your health professional before use. Discontinue use and consult a doctor if any adverse reaction occurs.

Do not use if inner seal is missing or broken. Keep bottle tightly closed.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Ambrotose(R) Patent No. 7,157,431, No. 7,199,104 and No. 7,202,220 Mannatech, Stylized M Design, Manapol, Advanced Ambrotose and Ambrotose are trademarks of Mannatech, Incorporated. (C) 2014 Mannatech, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

General

Product Number 37001 US.37001.25.002

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

GLYCONUTRITIONAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

General Statements

Immune Support Formula

Contents Tested & Certified

Seals/Symbols

NSF(R)

See for yourself

Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Advanced Ambrotose Complex

670 mg per serving

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
326 IU per serving Form: Beta-Carotene, Blakeslea trispora

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Stearic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Advanced Ambrose?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,197Drugs
12 Major 2,179 Moderate 6 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin A 387

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Advanced Ambrose with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Gum Tragacanth1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, tragacanth might alter absorption of oral drugs.
Tragacanth contains hydrocolloidal fiber which can decrease, increase, or not affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take tragacanth 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Aloe Vera Extract7 drug types · 461 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Glucosamine HCl4 drug types · 170 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors

Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B

Arabinogalactan1 drug type · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and other drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Advanced Ambrose, from the product label.

Mannatech

See all Mannatech products
Name
Mannatech, Incorporated
Street Address
600 S. Royal Ln., Ste. 200
City
Coppell
State
TX
ZipCode
75019
Web Address
mannatech.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech: Common Questions

Does Advanced Ambrose by Mannatech interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Advanced Ambrose has a known interaction with 2,197 medications, including 12 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Advanced Ambrose contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product contain any ingredients I should avoid if I'm taking diabetes medication?
Yes. Glucosamine and aloe vera extract both interact with antidiabetes drugs. Aloe may lower blood sugar further, raising your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia); glucosamine may interfere with these drugs, though the risk is minor. Your pharmacist or doctor should review your specific diabetes medication before you start this product.
Can I take this if I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin?
Not without checking with your pharmacist first. Glucosamine, vitamin A, and aloe vera all interact with warfarin. Glucosamine and aloe can increase bleeding risk, and vitamin A in high doses may do the same. Your pharmacist will need to assess the dose in this product and your warfarin dose together.
What are the most common side effects of glucosamine in this product?
The most common are bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea. These are usually mild. Rare serious side effects and allergic reactions have been reported, including rash, itching, shortness of breath, and in very rare cases anaphylaxis; a small number of people have also experienced asthma flare-ups.
Is this safe to take during pregnancy?
There isn't enough safety data for most of the ingredients in this product during pregnancy. Aloe latex should be avoided because it may stimulate the uterus and act as a strong laxative. Vitamin A at normal recommended amounts is okay, but high-dose supplements can cause birth defects. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can this product interfere with how my heart medication works?
Yes, if you take digoxin (Lanoxin). The aloe vera extract in this product may increase potassium loss and raise the risk of digoxin toxicity, which is dangerous. Do not take this product with digoxin without your doctor's approval. Let your pharmacist know about all heart medications you take.
What does the Advanced Ambrotose Complex actually do?
Advanced Ambrotose Complex is a proprietary blend of polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) thought to support cellular health, but the evidence we hold does not establish that it is effective for any condition. The ingredients and research behind the blend are not detailed in our data.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Advanced Ambrose label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Advanced Ambrose’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Advanced Ambrose's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 140 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Tragacanth 2 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

See these in context on the Tragacanth monograph →

Glucosamine 58 references
  1. Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
  2. Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
  3. Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
  4. Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
  5. Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
  6. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
  7. Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
  8. Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
  9. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
  10. Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
  11. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  12. Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
  13. Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
  14. Yun J, Tomida A, Nagata K, Tsuruo T. Glucose-regulated stresses confer resistance to VP-16 in human cancer cells through a decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase II. Oncol Res 1995;7:583-90.
  15. Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: A 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2113-23. PubMed
  16. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
  17. Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; PubMed
  18. Hoffer LJ, Kaplan LN, Hamadeh MJ, et al. Sulfate could mediate the therapeutic effect of glucosamine sulfate. Metabolism 2001;50:767-70.. PubMed
  19. Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1941-2. PubMed
  20. Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
  21. Guillaume MP, Peretz A. Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity: comment on the letter by Danao-Camara. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2943-4. PubMed
  22. Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
  23. Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:506-11. PubMed
  24. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  25. Stumpf JL, Lin SW. Effect of glucosamine on glucose control. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:694-8. PubMed
  26. Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, et al. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 2007;333:333-9. PubMed
  27. Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects. Diabetes 2006;55:3142-50. PubMed
  28. Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
  29. Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
  30. Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJVM, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:268-77. PubMed
  31. Baron AD, Zhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96(6):2792-801. PubMed
  32. Nelson BA, Robinson KA, Buse MG. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 2000;49(6):981-91. PubMed
  33. Giordano N, Fioravanti A, Papakostas P, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009;70(3):185-196. PubMed
  34. Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Savoj, M. R., and Ashtari, F. Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res 2010;32(9):981-985. PubMed
  35. Cahlin, B. J. and Dahlstrom, L. No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):760-766. PubMed
  36. Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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