Beyond Food By Country Life Overview & Drug Interactions

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in several bodily processes. It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for healthy bones and teeth. It is also important for immune system function and may help to protect against certain diseases. Vitamin D is found in a variety of foods, including fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified foods such as milk and cereal. It is also produced by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D supplements are available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquids. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D varies depending on age, sex, and other factors, and it is important to follow the dosage recommendations provided by a healthcare professional. There are several different forms of vitamin D available, with the two most popular being ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found naturally in a variety of foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin E is also available as a dietary supplement and is often added to skincare products. Vitamin E has many roles in the body, including protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting immune function.

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, and fortified grains. It plays a variety of roles in the body, including in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also necessary for the production of energy in the body and in the synthesis of different hormones. Niacin deficiency is rare in developed countries, however, supplementation has been shown to have several positive benefits. For example, it can reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy (i.e., nerve pain) and has been shown effective for treating some types of high cholesterol (extended-release niacin is used as a prescription drug in the United States for this purpose). There is a multitude of niacin forms available as dietary supplements, including NADH, niacinamide, and nicotinamide riboside, all with different properties.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for several bodily functions. It plays a pivotal role in the formation of red blood cells, aiding in the prevention of anemia. Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system and proper brain function, as it is involved in the synthesis of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. This vitamin is primarily found in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs, making it important for vegetarians and vegans to consider supplementation. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to neurological issues, fatigue, and cognitive impairment.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H or vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various metabolic processes in the body. It is necessary for the growth and maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and nails, and is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids. Biotin is considered to be generally safe when consumed in the recommended daily amounts but it is important to note that consuming large amounts of biotin-containing supplements or products can cause falsely high or falsely low test results for certain laboratory tests, such as those for thyroid function, hormone levels, and certain biomarkers for certain diseases.

Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.

Iodine is a mineral that is crucial for our body's ability to produce thyroid hormone, which helps control our growth, metabolism, and energy levels. A lack of iodine in the diet is a common problem around the world and can lead to intellectual development issues. Adding iodine to salt (i.e., iodized salt) has helped reduce this problem. Iodine is commonly utilized as a dietary supplement, both in multivitamin preparations and as a standalone ingredient as it is purported to have overall health and wellness benefits, not just in those who are deficient. One such standalone iodine product is 'Iodoral'. Studies have shown iodine supplementation may help improve cognitive function and boost energy levels but more research is needed. It is recommended that you should be under medical supervision if you plan on taking iodine as there may be a risk of certain side effects with high dosages.

Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the body. It plays a role in many important physiological processes, including the contraction and relaxation of muscles, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the regulation of blood pressure. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, and grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. There are several different forms of magnesium that are available as supplements, all of which can be used to prevent deficiency. Additionally, magnesium is purported to have several different health benefits, such as improving sleep, reducing muscle cramps, reducing anxiety, and preventing or treating migraines. Although magnesium is essential for health, magnesium-containing foods and supplements can interact with some prescription medications if used at the same time.

Olive contains compounds like polyphenols, particularly hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which have antioxidant properties that can help combat oxidative stress in the body. Olive supplements may support heart health by reducing LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Additionally, they may have anti-inflammatory effects and potentially aid in weight management.

Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in the human body. It is often included in dietary supplements due to its antioxidant properties and its contribution to maintaining a healthy immune system. Selenium is important for thyroid function and may also have a role in protecting against certain chronic diseases. However, it's essential to note that excessive selenium intake can be harmful, so it's crucial to adhere to recommended daily allowances and consult with a healthcare professional before taking selenium supplements.

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological processes within the human body. It is required for proper brain function, bone formation, enzyme activation, and wound healing. Manganese also contributes to metabolism, antioxidant defense, and the formation of connective tissues.

Chromium is a trace mineral that is found in small amounts in the human body. It is believed to play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is used as a dietary supplement for its purported ability to help with weight loss and blood sugar control. There is some evidence to suggest that chromium supplements may help to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes, although the results of studies on this topic have been mixed. Some studies have found that chromium supplements can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels in those with poorly controlled diabetes, while others have found no significant effects.

Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are a type of aquatic microorganism. The term 'blue-green algae' can refer to many different types of algae, including Arthrospira genus, which is known as spirulina, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, commonly known as 'Klamath', as it is found in Klamath Lake, Oregon. Blue-green algae contain several different nutrients, including vitamins A, B6, B12, E, and K, iron, manganese, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, selenium, and chromium. Blue-green algae have been shown in some samples to be contaminated with several types of toxins, including microcystins and heavy metals, so it is important to only take supplements that are properly tested, processed, and produced.

Chlorella is a type of single-celled green algae found in freshwater which contains several different vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, such as carotenoids, zeaxanthin, lutein, fiber, nucleic acids, B12, B6, methyl cobalamine, folate, vitamin K, iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium. Chlorella is purported to have detoxifying properties and is often used as a supplement to help support the liver and kidneys. It is also thought to have immune-boosting effects and may help to reduce inflammation.

Barley, a widely used grain renowned for its high fiber content, serves both as a staple food and an ingredient in brewing various types of alcoholic beverages. Research suggests that barley's dietary fiber may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Studies indicate that daily consumption of 3-12 grams of barley can help lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in adults with hypercholesterolemia. A key component of barley is beta-glucans, a soluble fiber known for its health benefits. Barley also contains tocopherols and tocotrienols, forms of vitamin E with antioxidant properties that further enhance its nutritional value. Moreover, barley contains hordenine and lunasin, compounds under study for their potential health-promoting effects.

Alfalfa, also known as Lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to southwestern Asia and the Mediterranean region, but it is now grown in many parts of the world, mainly as a forage crop for livestock. Alfalfa is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins A, C, E, and K, and manganese. It also contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen. It has been used as a natural remedy for a variety of conditions, such as arthritis and high cholesterol. It may also help treat gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), asthma, menstrual irregularities, as well as bladder, kidney, and prostate issues.

Inositol is a type of carbohydrate (sugar alcohol) that is found in a variety of foods, including fruits, nuts, and grains. It is also known as vitamin B8 but is not considered 'essential' as it can be synthesized in the human body. Inositol is involved in a number of important physiological processes, including the metabolism of fats, the regulation of insulin, and the transmission of nerve impulses. Inositol is a popular dietary supplement and is believed to have a number of potential health benefits. It is thought to have a role in the treatment of certain mental health conditions, is believed to have a positive effect on cholesterol levels and may be helpful in the prevention or management of heart disease. In addition, inositol may have anti-inflammatory effects and may be helpful in the treatment of certain skin conditions.

Choline is an essential nutrient that is found in many foods, including eggs, and is important for a number of bodily functions, including liver function, brain development, and nerve function. Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, mood, and muscle control. Choline also helps to transport fats out of the liver, which may help to reduce the risk of liver disease. Choline supplements are available in different forms, including choline bitartrate, choline chloride, and phosphatidylcholine. Choline bitartrate is the most common form of choline supplement, but phosphatidylcholine is the form that is found naturally in foods.

Aloe vera is a plant species that is native to the Arabian Peninsula, but is widely cultivated in other hot, dry climates. It is known for its thick leaves, which contain multiple components, most notably 'aloe gel' and 'aloe latex'. The plant is used in a variety of health care products, including skin care products, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. In traditional medicine, aloe vera is used to treat a wide range of health conditions, including skin conditions, wounds, and digestive problems. It is also used to improve hair and scalp health, and as a natural remedy for constipation.

Dulse, a red seaweed found along the rocky coasts of northern Europe, northern Japan, and North America, is not only a part of various cuisines but is also gaining attention for potential health benefits. While generally considered safe in normal food amounts, caution is advised when considering medicinal use, especially during pregnancy or lactation, as there is limited safety information available. Dulse contains relatively high levels of potassium, iodine, protein, and various polyphenols. Some research suggests it may have anti-inflammatory effects, though its impact on lipid levels is still under investigation.

Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is a type of mushroom native to Asia. It is a relatively tough mushroom with a shiny, reddish-brown exterior and a bitter, woody taste. Reishi mushroom is popular in traditional medicine, with a history of use dating back several thousand years. It is purported to have a number of health benefits, including the ability to boost the immune system, reduce inflammation, and improve overall well-being.

Boron is a trace mineral that is found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Boron is thought to play a role in bone health, as it may help the body metabolize calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Some preliminary research also suggests that boron may have anti-inflammatory effects and may help to improve cognitive function. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits. It is important to note that boron is not an essential nutrient and deficiency is rare. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for boron is not established, however, the safe upper limit is 20mg/day. Taking high doses of boron can cause skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. There are several patented forms of boron available in dietary supplements, such as Albion Bororganic Glycine.