Phytoestrogen Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Phytoestrogen Complex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Phytoestrogen Complex is a dietary supplement by The Vitamin Shoppe with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for hot flashes and night sweats, other menopause symptoms, mood changes during menopause.Based on those ingredients, 1,127 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Cohosh extract, Soy Bean extract, Dong Quai. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains four active ingredients: black cohosh extract, dong quai, soy bean extract, and Mexican wild yam extract. These are traditional botanical sources of phytoestrogens — plant compounds with estrogen-like effects — historically used to support hormonal balance and menopausal comfort.
The capsules also contain several inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose (a binder), gelatin (capsule material), ginger, licorice, saw palmetto powder, pygeum bark extract, and magnesium stearate (a flow agent).
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Black cohosh is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, though evidence for acne, sexual dysfunction, anxiety, and breast cancer-related hot flashes is insufficient. Soy bean extract is possibly effective for diabetes, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, and diarrhea.
Dong quai's evidence for iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, heart disease, migraines, and eczema is insufficient. Wild yam appears possibly ineffective for menopausal symptoms; evidence for gallbladder disease, sexual dysfunction, period pain, and infertility is insufficient.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Black cohosh is generally well tolerated short-term but rare liver concerns warrant medical guidance. Common side effects include breast tenderness, dizziness, upset stomach, headache, irritability, rash, and tiredness.
Avoid during pregnancy (possibly unsafe) and breastfeeding (possibly unsafe). Dong quai is generally well tolerated; burping and gas are most common.
It may increase bleeding risk and cause skin sensitivity to sunlight. Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to possible effects on the uterus.
Soy bean extract is well tolerated; bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea may occur, and allergic reactions are possible. Dietary soy amounts are likely safe in pregnancy and while breastfeeding, though high-dose isoflavone supplements need caution.
Wild yam is generally well tolerated short-term; headache, fever, upset stomach, and vomiting may occur, and anaphylaxis is rare. Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Dong quai significantly increases bleeding risk with warfarin — this is the most serious interaction. Soy bean extract poses a Major concern with MAOIs (older antidepressants).
Black cohosh and soy raise Moderate concerns with serotonergic antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, blood thinners, diabetes medications, estrogen therapy, and thyroid hormone (levothyroxine). Black cohosh also interacts with drugs your liver metabolizes via CYP2D6, liver-toxic medications, atorvastatin, and cancer drugs like cisplatin.
Run your medications through the search tool on this page before taking this product.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product combines four phytoestrogen ingredients to support menopausal symptoms, though only black cohosh has possibly effective evidence for that use. It has interactions with over 1,100 medications across multiple categories — blood thinners, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, and thyroid hormone being key ones.
If you take any prescription medication, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product, especially if you're on warfarin, a serotonergic antidepressant, or an MAOI.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 24, 2017.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Phytoestrogen Complex, straight from the product label.
| Brand | The Vitamin Shoppe |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 766536022113 |
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 24, 2017 |
| DSLD ID | 71951 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Black Cohosh extract | 40 mg | -- |
| Dong Quai | 40 mg | -- |
| Soy Bean extract | 150 mg | -- |
| Mexican Wild Yam extract | 200 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Ginger, Licorice, Saw Palmetto powder, Pygeum bark extract, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
One per day herbal complex
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take one (1) capsule daily, preferably with a meal.
General Statements
Hormonal support
Actual size
Visit www.vitaminshoppe.com or call 1-800-223-1216 for more information and to reorder.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
Gluten free Dairy free Nut free
Does Not Contain: Yeast, wheat, gluten, sugar, salt, dairy, citrus, fish, preservatives or artificial flavors.
Precautions
Contains: Soy.
Warning: Not to be used by pregnant or nursing women. Consult your healthcare provider prior to use if you are taking any medication or have any medical conditions.
Keep out of reach of children.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Seals/Symbols
Tamper Evident Do not use if outer seal is broken or missing.
Brand IP Statement(s)
NovaSoy is a registered trademark of Archer Daniels Midland Company.
Novasoy
General
Item No. VS-2211 1546159 AR 1
Formula
Contains: Soy.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Black Cohosh extract
Interacts with652 drugs
Black cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from settled. It...
Black Cohosh extract monograph & interactionsDong Quai
Interacts with163 drugs
Dong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints. High-quality scienti...
Dong Quai monograph & interactionsSoy Bean extract
Interacts with611 drugs
Soy is a nutritious bean that is a staple food and a popular source of plant protein and isoflavones. Eating soy foods as part of a balanced diet is g...
Soy Bean extract monograph & interactionsMexican Wild Yam extract
Interacts with41 drugs
Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for t...
Mexican Wild Yam extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Ginger, Licorice, Saw Palmetto powder, Pygeum bark extract, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe contains black cohosh, dong quai, soy bean extract, and Mexican wild yam extract — all of which interact with medications.
The most serious interaction is dong quai with warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner: case reports show dong quai can boost warfarin's effects and raise bleeding risk significantly.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Black cohosh raises concerns with drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 (an enzyme in your liver), liver-toxic medications, atorvastatin (Lipitor), cisplatin (a cancer drug), estrogen therapy, and serotonergic drugs like antidepressants — all Moderate severity. Soy bean extract has Moderate interactions with blood pressure drugs, estrogens, diabetes medications, diuretics, caffeine, warfarin, and levothyroxine (Synthroid), plus a Major interaction with MAOIs (a class of older antidepressants).
Wild yam may alter estrogen therapy effects (Moderate). Additionally, black cohosh carries a Minor interaction with OATP substrates, a group of drugs absorbed in the gut and liver.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,128 individual medications. Check your exact prescriptions and over-the-counter drugs with the search tool below before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Phytoestrogen Complex?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Phytoestrogen Complex interact with 1,127 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Phytoestrogen Complex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Black Cohosh extract Soy Bean extract Dong Quai Mexican Wild Yam extract
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSoy Bean ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Soy Bean ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBlack Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSoy Bean ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSoy Bean ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Soy Bean ExtractCaffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBlack Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSoy Bean ExtractDiuretic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, soy might have additive effects when used with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Soy Bean Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Serotonergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Serotonergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, OpiumHista-Derfule
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Opium interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineNorel Plus
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PseudoephedrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS Liquid Gels, Children's Tylenol Cold, Codimal, Comtrex, Extra Strength Tylenol Allergy Sinus, Lorsin +3 more
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, ChlorzoxazoneAcetazone Forte, Extra Strength Tylenol Aches & Strains, Parafon Forte
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, CodeineAcetazone Forte C8, Parafon Forte C8
How Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorzoxazone, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, CodeineTylenol No.3, Tylenol w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Codeine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, DoxylamineMersyndol
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Doxylamine interactionAcetaminophen, Codeine, MethocarbamolAcetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol, Robaxacet 8
How Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Codeine, Methocarbamol interactionAcetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, PseudoephedrineSinadrin Plus
How Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, DextromethorphanTylenol Cough Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineVicks NyQuil
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylephrineConar-A
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Serotonergic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PhenylpropanolamineAnatuss
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, PseudoephedrineRobitussin Cold, Severe Cold, Suphedrine Cold/Cough
How Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Phytoestrogen Complex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Black Cohosh ExtractSerotonergic Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Read the full Black Cohosh Extract + Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Phytoestrogen Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Black Cohosh extract
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Taking black cohosh with atorvastatin might increase the risk for elevated liver function tests.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) developed significantly elevated liver function enzymes after starting black cohosh 100 mg four times daily. Liver enzymes returned to normal when black cohosh was discontinued. It is unclear whether the elevated liver enzymes were due to black cohosh itself or an interaction between atorvastatin and black cohosh.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, black cohosh may reduce the clinical effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that black cohosh might decrease the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on breast cancer cells.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Some clinical research suggests that black cohosh might modestly inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, contradictory clinical research shows a specific black cohosh product (Remifemin, Enzymatic Therapy) 40 mg twice daily does not significantly inhibit metabolism of a CYP2D6 substrate in healthy study volunteers. Until more is known, use black cohosh cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Estrogens
Theoretically, black cohosh may alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that black cohosh has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that black cohosh might be linked to cases of liver failure and autoimmune hepatitis.
Serotonergic Drugs
Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Black cohosh might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Black cohosh acts as an agonist at several serotonin receptor subtypes and might interact with other serotonergic medications. In one case, a 55-year-old female who had been on stable treatment with sertraline 50 mg and duloxetine 60 mg daily developed serotonin syndrome after taking black cohosh extract 40 mg daily for 3 days.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Black cohosh may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP2B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP2B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that black cohosh modestly inhibits OATP2B1. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.
Soy Bean extract
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Taking soy products containing high amounts of tyramine along with MAOIs can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Fermented soy products such as tofu and soy sauce contain tyramine, a naturally occurring chemical that affects blood pressure regulation. The metabolism of tyramine is decreased by MAOIs. Consuming more than 6 mg of tyramine while taking an MAOI can increase the risk of hypertensive crisis. The amount of tyramine in fermented soy products is usually less than 0.6 mg per serving; however, there can be significant variation depending on the specific product used, storage conditions, and length of storage. Storing one brand of tofu for a week can increase tyramine content from 0.23 mg to 4.8 mg per serving. Advise patients taking MAOIs to avoid fermented soy products that contain high amounts of tyramine.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Soy can lower blood glucose and have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that whole soy diets and soy-based meals reduce fasting glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Also, individuals following a soy-based meal replacement plan seem to require lower doses of sulfonylureas and metformin to manage blood glucose levels when compared with individuals following a diet plan recommended by the American Diabetes Association.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically soy protein may have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Although some contradictory research exists, most clinical evidence suggests that consuming soy protein modestly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.
Caffeine
Theoretically, soy might reduce the clearance of caffeine.
Soy contains genistein. Taking genistein 1 gram daily for 14 days seems to inhibit caffeine clearance and metabolism in healthy females. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if this effect occurs with the lower amounts of genistein found in soy.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, soy might have additive effects when used with diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that genistein, a soy isoflavone, increases diuresis within 6 hours of subcutaneous administration in rats. The effects seem to be similar to those of furosemide. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, soy might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
Soy contains phytoestrogens and has been shown to have estrogenic activity in some patients. Although this has not been demonstrated in humans, theoretically, concomitant use of soy with estrogen replacement therapy might reduce the effects of the estrogen replacement therapy.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Soy products might reduce the absorption of levothyroxine in some patients.
Preliminary clinical research and a case report suggest that soy-based formulas inhibit the absorption of levothyroxine in infants with congenital hypothyroidism. A levothyroxine dosage increase may be needed for infants with congenital hypothyroidism while using soy-based formulas, and the dose may need to be reduced when soy-based formulas are no longer administered. However, in postmenopausal adults, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of soy extract containing isoflavones 60 mg along with levothyroxine does not affect the oral bioavailability of levothyroxine.
Progesterone
Theoretically, combining soy isoflavones with transdermal progesterone may worsen bone density.
Clinical research suggests that significant bone loss may occur in females with osteoporosis who receive a combination of transdermal progesterone with soy milk containing isoflavones when compared with placebo, soy milk alone, or progesterone alone.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, estrogenic soy isoflavones might alter the effects of tamoxifen.
Laboratory research suggests that genistein and daidzen, isoflavones from soy, can antagonize the antitumor effects of tamoxifen under some circumstances; however, soy isoflavones might have different effects when used at different doses. A relatively low in vitro concentration of soy isoflavones such as 1 microM/L seems to interfere with tamoxifen, whereas high in vitro concentrations such as those >10 microM/L might actually enhance tamoxifen effects. People on a high-soy diet have soy isoflavones levels ranging from 0.1-6 microM/L. Until more is known, advise patients taking tamoxifen to avoid therapeutic use of soy products.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, soy might interfere with the effects of warfarin.
Soy milk has been reported to decrease the international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is not known. However, animal and in vitro research suggests that soy may also inhibit platelet aggregation. Dosing adjustments for warfarin may be necessary.
Antibiotic Drugs
Theoretically, antibiotics may decrease the activity of soy isoflavones.
Intestinal bacteria are responsible in part for converting soy isoflavones into their active forms. Antibiotics may decrease the amount of intestinal bacteria and decrease its ability to convert isoflavones.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Soy might modestly induce CYP2C9 enzymes. However, this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
In vitro research suggests that an unhydrolyzed soy extract might induce CYP2C9. However, the significance of this interaction is likely minimal. In healthy females taking a specific extract of soy (Genistein Soy Complex, Source Naturals), blood levels of losartan, a CYP2C9 substrate, were not significantly affected.
Dong Quai
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of dong quai with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case, after 4 weeks of taking dong quai 565 mg once or twice daily, the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to 4.9. The INR normalized 4 weeks after discontinuation of dong quai.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Animal studies suggest that dong quai has antithrombin activity and inhibits platelet aggregation due to its coumarin components. Additionally, some case reports in humans suggest that dong quai can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. However, clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking 1 gram of dong quai root daily for 3 weeks does not significantly inhibit platelet aggregation or cause bleeding. Until more is known, use dong quai with caution in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.
Estrogens
Theoretically, dong quai may reduce the effects of estrogens.
Dong quai has estrogenic effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of dong quai might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Mexican Wild Yam extract
Estrogens
Theoretically, wild yam might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen.
Wild yam root shows estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects in vitro. Theoretically, wild yam might interfere with hormone therapy.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Phytoestrogen Complex, from the product label.
The Vitamin Shoppe
See all The Vitamin Shoppe products- Name
- Vitamin Shoppe, Inc.
- City
- Secaucus
- State
- NJ
- ZipCode
- 07094
- Phone Number
- 1-800-223-1216
- Web Address
- www.vitaminshoppe.com
Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe: Common Questions
Does Phytoestrogen Complex by The Vitamin Shoppe interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
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What is black cohosh used for in this product?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Phytoestrogen Complex’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Black Cohosh
Interacts with 652 drugsBlack cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from settled. It is generally well tolerated for short-t...
Read the full Black Cohosh monograph → Herb & supplement monographDong Quai
Interacts with 163 drugsDong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints. High-quality scientific evidence that it works for these use...
Read the full Dong Quai monograph → Herb & supplement monographSoy
Interacts with 611 drugsSoy is a nutritious bean that is a staple food and a popular source of plant protein and isoflavones. Eating soy foods as part of a balanced diet is generally considered safe for most people...
Read the full Soy monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Yam
Interacts with 41 drugsWild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. Despite popular cl...
Read the full Wild Yam monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Phytoestrogen Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 182 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Black Cohosh 68 references
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- Whiting PW, Clouston A, Kerlin P. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2002;177:440-3. PubMed
- Pepping J. Black cohosh: Cimicifuga racemosa. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1400-2. PubMed
- Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther 1998;15:45-53.
- Kruse SO, Lohning A, Pauli GF, et al. Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid. Planta Med 1999;65:763-4.
- Jacobson JS, Troxel AB, Evans J, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2739-45. PubMed
- Gunn TR, Wright IM. The use of black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1996;109:410-1.
- Baillie N, Rasmussen P. Black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1997;110:20-1.
- Lontos S, Jones RM, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2003;179:390-1.. DOI
- Wuttke W, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Gorkow C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas 2003;44:S67-77. PubMed
- Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of the safety of black cohosh. Menopause 2003;10:58-64.. DOI
- Cohen SM, O'Connor AM, Hart J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Menopause 2004;11:575-7. PubMed
- Vitetta L, Thomsen M, Sali A. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2003;178:411-2.. PubMed
- Thomsen M, Vitetta L, Schmidt M, Sali A. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2004;180:598-600.. DOI
- Cohen B, Schardt D. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Letter to Food and Drug Administration. Commissioner Mark McClellan, MD, PhD. March 4, 2004.
- Seidlova-Wuttke D, Hesse O, Jarry H, et al. Evidence for selective estrogen receptor modulator activity in a black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) extract: comparison with estradiol-17beta. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;149:351-62. PubMed
- Rockwell S, Liu Y, Higgins SA. Alteration of the effects of cancer therapy agents on breast cancer cells by the herbal medicine black cohosh. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005;90:233-9. PubMed
- Levitsky J, Alli TA, Wisecarver J, Sorrell MF. Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:538-9. PubMed
- Cheong JL, Bucknall R. Retinal vein thrombosis associated with a herbal phytoestrogen preparation in a susceptible patient. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:266-7.. PubMed
- Nappi RE, Malavasi B, Brundu B, Facchinetti F. Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:30-5.
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
- Minciullo PL, Saija A, Patafi M, et al. Muscle damage induced by black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). Phytomedicine 2006;13:115-8. PubMed
- Wuttke W, Gorkow C, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Effects of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and conjugated estrogens-controlled study. Men PubMed
- MHRA. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) - risk of liver problems. Herbal Safety News July 2006. Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary= true&ssDocName=CON2024131&ssTargetNodeId=663.
- Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, et al. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e257-61.
- Raus K, Brucker C, Gorkow C, Wuttke W. First-time proof of endometrial safety of the special black cohosh extract (Actaea or Cimicifuga racemosa extract) CR BNO 1055. Menopause 2006;13:678-91. PubMed
- Lynch CR, Folkers ME, Hutson WR. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report. Liver Transpl 2006;12:989-92. PubMed
- Bai W, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Wang S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product containing an isopropanolic black cohosh extract in Chinese women with menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double blind, parallel-controlled study versus tibol
- Meyer S, Vogt T, Obermann EC, et al. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by Cimicifuga racemosa. Dermatology 2007;214:94-6.
- Gori L, Firenzuoli F. Is black cohosh a hepatotoxic medicinal herb? Forsch Komplementarmed 2007;14:109-10. PubMed
- Assessment of case reports connected to herbal medicinal products containing cimicifugae racemosa rhizoma (black cohosh, root). Doc. Ref. EMEA/269259/2006. Available at: www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/hmpc/26925806en.pdf (Accessed 30 November 2007).
- Chung DJ, Kim HY, Park KH, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms. Yonsei Med J 2007;48:289-94. PubMed
- Chow ECY, Teo M, Ring JA, Chen JW. Liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. Med J Aust 2008;188:420-2. PubMed
- Mahady GB, Low Dog T, Barrett ML, et al. United States Pharmacopeia review of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity. Menopause 2008;15:628-38. PubMed
- Hepatotoxicity with black cohosh. Australian Adv Drug Reactions Bull 2006;25:6. Available at: www.tga.gov.au/adr/aadrb/aadr0604.htm#a1.
- Dunbar K, Solga SF. Black cohosh, safety, and public awareness. Liver Int 2007;27:1017. PubMed
- Patel NM, Derkits RM. Possible increase in liver enzymes secondary to atorvastatin and black cohosh administration. J Pharm Pract 2007;20:341-6. DOI
- Joy D, Joy J, Duane P. Black cohosh: a cause of abnormal postmenopausal liver function tests. Climacteric 2008;11:84-8. PubMed
- Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. Black cohosh and liver toxicity - an update. Aust Adv Drug Reactions Bull 2007;26:11.
- Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessement of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk-thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52:755-63.
- Spangler L, Newton KM, Grothaus LC, et al. The effects of black cohosh therapies on lipids, fibrinogen, glucose and insulin. Maturitas 2007;57:195-204. PubMed
- Teschke R, Bahre R, Genthner A, et al. Suspected black cohosh hepatotoxicity - challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment. Maturitas 2009;63:302-14. PubMed
- Brasky TM, Lampe JW, Potter JD, et al. Specialty supplements and breast cancer risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1696-708. PubMed
- Fuchikami H, Satoh H, Tsujimoto M, Ohdo S, Ohtani H, Sawada Y. Effects of herbal extracts on the function of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-B. Drug Metab Dispos 2006;34:577-82. PubMed
- Vermes G, Bánhidy F, Acs N. The effects of remifemin on subjective symptoms of menopause. Adv Ther 2005;22:148-54. PubMed
- Nuntanakorn, P., Jiang, B., Einbond, L. S., Yang, H., Kronenberg, F., Weinstein, I. B., and Kennelly, E. J. Polyphenolic constituents of Actaea racemosa. J Nat Prod 2006;69(3):314-318.
- Oktem M, Eroglu D, Karahan HB, Taskintuna N, Kuscu E, Zeyneloglu HB. Black cohosh and fluoxetine in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: a prospective, randomized trial. Adv Ther 2007;24:448-61. PubMed
- Briese V, Stammwitz U, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH. Black cohosh with or without St. John's wort for symptom-specific climacteric treatment--results of a large-scale, controlled, observational study. Maturitas 2007;57:405-14. PubMed
- Naser, B. and Liske, E. Liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. Med J Aust. 1-19-2009;190(2):99. PubMed
- van de Meerendonk, H. W., van Hunsel, F. P., and van der Wiel, H. E. [Autoimmune hepatitis induced by Actaea racemosa. Side affects of an herb extract]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2-7-2009;153(6):246-249.
- Wong, V. C., Lim, C. E., Luo, X., and Wong, W. S. Current alternative and complementary therapies used in menopause. Gynecol.Endocrinol. 2009;25(3):166-174. PubMed
- Pierard, S., Coche, J. C., Lanthier, P., Dekoninck, X., Lanthier, N., Rahier, J., and Geubel, A. P. Severe hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a report of two cases and an advice for caution. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(8):941-945 PubMed
- Vannacci, A., Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Vietri, M., Toti, M., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Raschetti, R., Firenzuoli, F., and Mugelli, A. A case of hepatitis associated with long-term use of Cimicifuga racemosa. Altern.Ther Health Med 2009;15(3):62-63.
- Zimmermann, R., Witte, A., Voll, R. E., Strobel, J., and Frieser, M. Coagulation activation and fluid retention associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Climacteric. 2010;13(2):187-191. PubMed
- Amsterdam JD, Yao Y, Mao JJ, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Shults J. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in women with anxiety disorder due to menopause. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;29:478-83. PubMed
- Bai WP, Wang SY, Liu JL, Geng L, Hu LN, Zhang ZL, Chen SL, Zheng SR. [Efficacy and safety of remifemin compared to tibolone for controlling of perimenopausal symptoms]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2009;44:597-600.
- McKenzie, S. C. and Rahman, A. Bradycardia in a patient taking black cohosh. Med J Aust. 10-18-2010;193(8):479-481. PubMed
- Stolze H. [An alternative to treat menopausal complaints]. Gynecologie 1982;1:14-16.
- Guzman G, Kallwitz ER, Wojewoda C, et al. Liver Injury with Features Mimicking Autoimmune Hepatitis following the Use of Black Cohosh. Case Rep Med. 2009;2009:918156. PubMed
- Enbom ET, Le MD, Oesterich L, Rutgers J, French SW. Mechanism of hepatotoxicity due to black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa): histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy analysis of two liver biopsies with clinical correlation. Exp Mol Pathol. PubMed
- Sen A. Orobuccolingual dyskinesia after long-term use of black cohosh and ginseng. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013 Fall;25(4):E50. PubMed
- Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343. PubMed
- Pkhaladze L, Davidova N, Khomasuridze A, Shengelia R, Panossian AG. Actaea racemosa L. is more effective in combination with Rhodiola rosea L. for relief of menopausal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) PubMed
- Yalçin M, Oguz A, Bestepe EE, Saglam NGU, Ergelen M. Black cohosh associated mania in a patient with unipolar depression. Int J Psychiatry Med 2020 Sep 21:91217420961185. doi: 10.1177/0091217420961185. PubMed
- Brar HS, Marathi R. Case of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with black cohosh. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14(5):e240408. PubMed
- Castelo-Branco C, Navarro C, Beltrán E, Losa F, Camacho M; on the behalf of the Natural Products Study Group of the Spanish Menopause Society. Black cohosh efficacy and safety for menopausal symptoms. The Spanish Menopause Society statement. Gynecol Endoc PubMed
- Trant AA, Chagpar A, Wei W, et al. The Effect of Black Cohosh on Ki67 expression and Tumor Volume: A Pilot Study of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2022;21:15347354221137290. PubMed
- Dernbach MR, Carpenter JE, Shah N, Carter GB. Black Cohosh Interactions with Prescription Medications Associated with Serotonin Toxicity and Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report. J Emerg Med 2024;66(5):e592-e596. PubMed
Dong Quai 19 references
- Hirata JD, Swiersz LM, Zell B, et al. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 1997;68:981-6. PubMed
- Page RL II, Lawrence JD. Potentiation of warfarin by dong quai. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:870-6. PubMed
- Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000;57:1221-7. DOI
- Eagon PK, Elm MS, Hunter DS, et al. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11.
- Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/.
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Shi M, Chang L, He G. [Stimulating action of Carthamus tinctorius L., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Leonurus sibiricus L. on the uterus]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1995;20:173-5, 192.
- Hoult JR, Paya M. Pharmacological and biochemical actions of simple coumarins: natural products with therapeutic potential. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:713-22.. PubMed
- Cheong JL, Bucknall R. Retinal vein thrombosis associated with a herbal phytoestrogen preparation in a susceptible patient. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:266-7.. PubMed
- Chang CJ, Chiu JH, Tseng LM, et al. Modulation of HER2 expression by ferulic acid on human breast cancer MCF7 cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2006;36:588-96. PubMed
- Chuang CH, Doyle P, Wang JD, et al. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations: an analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. Drug Saf 2006;29:537-48. PubMed
- Lau CBS, Ho TCY, Chan TWL, Kim SCF. Use of dong quai (Angelica sinensis) to treat peri- and postmenopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer: is it appropriate? Menopause 2005;12:734-40.
- Ellis GR, Stephens MR. Untitled (photograph and a brief case report). BMJ 1999;319:650.
- Nambiar, S., Schwartz, R. H., and Constantino, A. Hypertension in mother and baby linked to ingestion of Chinese herbal medicine. West J Med 1999;171(3):152.
- Lee, S. K., Cho, H. K., Cho, S. H., Kim, S. S., Nahm, D. H., and Park, H. S. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by multiple herbal agents in a pharmacist. Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;86(4):469-474. PubMed
- Xu, J. and Li, G. [Observation on short-term effects of Angelica injection on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with pulmonary hypertension]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000;20(3):187-189.
- Scott, G. N. and Elmer, G. W. Update on natural product--drug interactions. Am J Health Syst.Pharm 2-15-2002;59(4):339-347. PubMed
- Circosta, C., Pasquale, R. D., Palumbo, D. R., Samperi, S., and Occhiuto, F. Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis. Phytother.Res. 2006;20(8):665-669.
- Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96. PubMed
Soy 88 references
- Franke AA, Custer LJ, Tanaka Y. Isoflavones in human breast milk and other biological fluids. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1466-73. PubMed
- Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, et al. The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:6-11. PubMed
- Lu LJ, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, et al. Decreased ovarian hormones during a soya diet: implications for breast cancer prevention. Cancer Res 2000;60:4112-21.
- Pino AM, Valladares LE, Palma MA, et al. Dietary isoflavones affect sex hormone-binding globulin levels in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2797-800. DOI
- Nisley N, Klepser T. Phytoestrogens for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Alt Med Alert 1999 Dec;138-42.
- McMichael-Phillips DF, Harding C, Morton M, et al. Effects of soy-protein supplementation on epithelial proliferation in the histologically normal human breast. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1431S-5S. PubMed
- Petrakis NL, Barnes S, King EB, et al. Stimulatory influence of soy protein isolate on breast secretion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:785-94.
- Baird DD, Umbach DM, Lansdell L, et al. Dietary intervention study to assess estrogenicity of dietary soy among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1685-90. DOI
- Duncan AM, Underhill KE, Xu X, et al. Modest hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3479-84. PubMed
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