VF Syrup Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Christopher's Original Formulas
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking VF Syrup against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
VF Syrup is a dietary supplement by Christopher's Original Formulas with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for short-term constipation relief, bowel cleansing before procedures, occasional irregularity.Based on those ingredients, 1,374 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sage, Fennel, Senna. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
VF Syrup contains seven active ingredients: senna (a stimulant laxative), sage (an herbal extract), fennel (a seed traditionally used to support digestion), black walnut, wormwood, tansy, and male fern. The product also contains a proprietary blend — a mix of these herbs in proportions the maker doesn't fully disclose on the label.
Beyond the active ingredients, there is a base listed as an inactive ingredient.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Senna is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for bowel preparation. Sage is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, high cholesterol, and cognitive function, though postoperative pain relief is possibly ineffective.
Fennel is possibly effective for painful periods (dysmenorrhea). For the other ingredients — black walnut, wormwood, tansy, and male fern — the evidence we hold does not establish effectiveness for any condition.
Several of these ingredients also carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for various uses.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Senna is generally well tolerated for short-term occasional use but should not be used long-term without medical advice; common side effects include abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and urine discoloration. Sage is generally well tolerated but concentrated extracts should be used cautiously, and medicinal amounts are likely unsafe in pregnancy due to thujone content.
Fennel and black walnut are generally well tolerated as foods, but concentrated supplements need caution. Wormwood contains thujone, a neurotoxin, and short-term use of properly prepared products may be acceptable, but higher amounts can be toxic.
Tansy contains thujone and is generally discouraged for internal use — it has been linked to serious toxicity including rapid pulse, irregular heartbeat, severe stomach distress, and even death at very small doses. Male fern is potentially toxic with a very narrow margin between an effective and poisonous dose and should be avoided.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking VF Syrup, double-check if you use alcohol (major interaction with tansy), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, birth control pills or estrogen therapy, digoxin or other heart medications, diuretics, seizure medications, sedatives or CNS depressants, blood pressure medications, drugs metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 enzymes, ciprofloxacin, or tamoxifen. These medications may be affected by ingredients in this product.
No interactions are documented for black walnut or male fern in our data.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
VF Syrup is primarily a senna-based laxative with several supporting herbal ingredients. It may help with constipation short-term, but this product is not for long-term daily use without your doctor's approval.
If you take any prescription medications — especially blood thinners, heart medications, estrogen products, seizure drugs, sedatives, or blood pressure medications — talk to your pharmacist before starting. The tansy and wormwood in this formula carry serious toxicity concerns and shouldn't be used casually.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2019.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about VF Syrup, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Christopher's Original Formulas |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 084783885177 |
| Net contents | 4 fl. Oz.; 118 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Apr 25, 2019 |
| DSLD ID | 200578 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Senna | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Blend | 0 NP | -- |
| Sage | 0 NP | -- |
| Fennel | 0 NP | -- |
| Black Walnut | 0 NP | -- |
| Wormwood | 0 NP | -- |
| Tansy | 0 NP | -- |
| Male Fern | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: A base of
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 1 teaspoon each morning and night for 3 days. On the 4th day take 2 Quick Colon Cleanse capsules. Rest 2 days and repeat this program 2 more times, or as directed by your health care professional.
Storage
Refrigerate after opening.
General Statements
Proudly Made in The U.S.A.
Brand IP Statement(s)
2018 Wholistic Botanicals L.L.C All Rights Reserved
John R. Christopher
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
No fillers or chemicals
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Teaspoon(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: A base of. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas contains seven ingredients, several of which interact with medications.
The most serious interaction involves tansy, which has a Major severity interaction with alcohol — thujone, a toxic compound in tansy, can increase and alter alcohol's effects. This is a significant concern if you consume any alcohol while taking this product.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Senna, one of the main active ingredients, has Moderate interactions with estrogens (which may reduce estrogen absorption), diuretics (which may increase potassium loss), other stimulant laxatives, warfarin (a blood thinner), and digoxin (a heart medication). Sage interacts Moderately with CNS depressants (sedatives and sleep aids), blood pressure medications, and several drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 substrates), as well as P-glycoprotein transporters and estrogens.
Fennel has Moderate interactions with birth control pills, CYP3A4 substrates, estrogens, blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic), and tamoxifen (a cancer medication). Wormwood interacts Moderately with anticonvulsants (seizure medications).
Black walnut and male fern carry no documented interactions in our data, though we could not check male fern for interactions. Altogether, these interactions span 1,358 individual medications.
Please check your exact medications with the search tool on this page before starting VF Syrup.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against VF Syrup?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in VF Syrup interact with 1,374 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 7 ingredients in VF Syrup interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sage Fennel Senna Wormwood Tansy
EthanolEthanol
How Ethanol interacts with VF Syrup — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
TansyAlcohol (ethanol) Major
Interaction Summary
Thujone, a constituent of tansy, can increase and alter the effects of alcohol.
Read the full Tansy + Ethanol interactionSageCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Sage + Ethanol interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in VF Syrup with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Sage
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, sage might interfere with the clinical effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Some species of sage can cause convulsions when consumed in large quantities.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking sage with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, common sage (Salvia officinalis) has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity. However, other clinical research in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes shows that common sage extract does not lower fasting blood glucose levels.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, sage might increase or decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can cause prolonged blood pressure reduction. However, clinical research suggests that Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can increase blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Until more is known, use with caution.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain components of common sage (Salvia officinalis) can bind to benzodiazepine receptors. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, sage might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Some constituents of sage have CNS depressant activity.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research suggests that drinking common sage (Salvia officinalis) tea increases the expression of CYP2E1. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, sage might interfere with hormone therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that geraniol, a constituent of Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia), exerts estrogenic activity. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Fennel
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.
Senna
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Overuse/abuse of senna increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of senna might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss and increase the risk for hypokalemia.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Some preliminary clinical evidence suggests that senna reduces the absorption of estradiol and decreases serum concentrations of estrone and estrone sulfate by decreasing intestinal transit time.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Senna is a stimulant laxative; concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, excessive use of senna might increase the effects of warfarin.
Senna has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case report, excessive use of senna for 3 weeks resulted in diarrhea, bloody stools, and an elevated INR of 11.9.
Wormwood
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, taking wormwood might interfere with the effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Thujone, a constituent of wormwood, has convulsant effects.
Tansy
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Thujone, a constituent of tansy, can increase and alter the effects of alcohol.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for VF Syrup, from the product label.
Christopher's Original Formulas
See all Christopher's Original Formulas products- Name
- Wholistic Botanicals L.L.C.
- City
- Spanish Fork
- State
- UT
- ZipCode
- 84660
- Phone Number
- 1-800-453-1406
- Web Address
- www.drchristopher.com
VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas: Common Questions
Does VF Syrup by Christopher's Original Formulas interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is it safe to take VF Syrup while breastfeeding?
What should I expect if I take this as a laxative?
Can I take VF Syrup long-term?
Why do I need to avoid this product if I'm pregnant?
What is the proprietary blend, and why isn't it fully listed?
I'm on a blood thinner — can I use VF Syrup?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if VF Syrup is safe with your meds?
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind VF Syrup’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Senna
Interacts with 140 drugsSenna is a plant-based stimulant laxative that is widely used and generally effective for short-term relief of constipation. It is best used occasionally and for only a few days at a time, s...
Read the full Senna monograph → Herb & supplement monographSage
Interacts with 1,296 drugsSage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and memory. Some early research is encouraging for sore...
Read the full Sage monograph → Herb & supplement monographFennel
Interacts with 740 drugsFennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...
Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlack Walnut
Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...
Read the full Black Walnut monograph → Herb & supplement monographWormwood
Interacts with 50 drugsWormwood is a very bitter herb traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease digestion, and it has early research interest in Crohn's disease. It contains thujone, which can be toxic in...
Read the full Wormwood monograph → Herb & supplement monographTansy
Interacts with 1 drugTansy is a traditional bitter herb that contains thujone, a compound that can be toxic in higher amounts. Because of real safety concerns and very limited modern evidence, most people should...
Read the full Tansy monograph → Herb & supplement monographMale Fern
Male fern is an old herbal remedy that was once used as a powerful treatment to expel tapeworms. It is now considered outdated and potentially dangerous because of its narrow safety margin a...
Read the full Male Fern monograph →Sources & How We Checked
VF Syrup's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 116 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Senna 42 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
- Seybold U, Landauer N, Hillebrand S, Goebel FD. Senna-induced hepatitis in a poor metabolizer. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:650-1. PubMed
- Vanderperren B, Rizzo M, Angenot L, et al. Acute liver failure with renal impairment related to the abuse of senna anthraquinone glycosides. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:1353-7. PubMed
- Xing JH, Soffer EE. Adverse effects of laxatives. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1201-9. PubMed
- Prior J, White I. Tetany and clubbing in patient who ingested large quantities of senna. Lancet 1978;2:947. PubMed
- Langmead L, Rampton DS. Review article: herbal treatment in gastrointestinal and liver disease--benefits and dangers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1239-52. PubMed
- Joo JS, Ehrenpreis ED, Gonzalez L, et al. Alterations in colonic anatomy induced by chronic stimulant laxatives: the cathartic colon revisited. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;26:283-6. PubMed
- Godding EW. Laxatives and the special role of senna. Pharmacology 1988;36:230-6. PubMed
- van Os FH. Anthraquinone derivatives in vegetable laxatives. Pharmacology 1976;14:7-17. PubMed
- Sondheimer JM, Gervaise EP. Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: a comparative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1982;1:223-6. DOI
- Perkin JM. Constipation in childhood: a controlled comparison between lactulose and standardized senna. Curr Med Res Opin 1977;4:540-3. PubMed
- Shelton MG. Standardized senna in the management of constipation in the puerperium: A clinical trial. S Afr Med J 1980;57:78-80.
- [No authors listed] Senna in the puerperium. Pharmacology 1992;44:23-5. PubMed
- Passmore AP, Davies KW, Flanagan PG, et al. A comparison of Agiolax and lactulose in elderly patients with chronic constipation. Pharmacology 1993;47:249-52. PubMed
- Passmore AP, Wilson-Davies K, Stoker C, Scott ME. Chronic constipation in long stay elderly patients: a comparison of lactulose and a senna-fibre combination. BMJ 1993;307:769-71. PubMed
- MacLennan WJ, Pooler AFWM. A comparison of sodium picosulphate ("Laxoberal") with standardised senna ("Senokot") in geriatric patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2:641-7. PubMed
- Kittisupamongkol W, Nilaratanakul V, Kulwichit W. Near-fatal bleeding, senna, and the opposite of lettuce. Lancet 2008;371:784. PubMed
- Prather CM. Pregnancy-related constipation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2004;6:402-4. PubMed
- Werthmann WM Jr, Krees SV. Quantitative excretion of Senokot in human breast milk. Med Ann Dist Columbia 1973;42:4-5.
- Hagemann TM. Gastrointestinal medications and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 1998;14:259-62. PubMed
- Faber P, Strenge-Hesse A. Senna-containing laxatives: excretion in the breast milk? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1989;49:958-62.
- Faber P, Strenge-Hesse A. Relevance of rhein excretion into breast milk. Pharmacology 1988;36 Suppl 1:212-20. PubMed
- Duncan AS. Standardized senna as a laxative in the puerperium; a clinical assessment. Br Med J 1957;1:439-41. PubMed
- Stickel, F. and Schuppan, D. Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Dig.Liver Dis. 2007;39(4):293-304. PubMed
- BALDWIN, W. F. CLINICAL STUDY OF SENNA ADMINISTRATION TO NURSING MOTHERS: ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON INFANT BOWEL HABITS. Can.Med Assoc.J 9-14-1963;89:566-568. DOI
- Sonmez, A., Yilmaz, M. I., Mas, R., Ozcan, A., Celasun, B., Dogru, T., Taslipinar, A., and Kocar, I. H. Subacute cholestatic hepatitis likely related to the use of senna for chronic constipation. Acta Gastroenterol.Belg. 2005;68(3):385-387.
- Beuers, U., Spengler, U., and Pape, G. R. Hepatitis after chronic abuse of senna. Lancet 2-9-1991;337(8737):372-373. PubMed
- Lim, A. K., Hooke, D. H., and Kerr, P. G. Anorexia nervosa and senna misuse: nephrocalcinosis, digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Med J Aust. 1-21-2008;188(2):121-122. PubMed
- McLaughlin, A. F. Anorexia nervosa and senna misuse: nephrocalcinosis, digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Med J Aust. 9-15-2008;189(6):348. PubMed
- Soyuncu, S., Cete, Y., and Nokay, A. E. Portal vein thrombosis related to Cassia angustifolia. Clin.Toxicol.(Phila) 2008;46(8):774-777.
- Levine, D., Goode, A. W., and Wingate, D. L. Purgative abuse associated with reversible cachexia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and finger clubbing. Lancet 4-25-1981;1(8226):919-920. PubMed
- Malmquist, J., Ericsson, B., Hulten-Nosslin, M. B., Jeppsson, J. O., and Ljungberg, O. Finger clubbing and aspartylglucosamine excretion in a laxative-abusing patient. Postgrad.Med J 1980;56(662):862-864. PubMed
- Lewis, S. J., Heaton, K. W., Oakey, R. E., and McGarrigle, H. H. Lower serum oestrogen concentrations associated with faster intestinal transit. Br.J Cancer 1997;76(3):395-400. PubMed
- Lewis, S. J., Oakey, R. E., and Heaton, K. W. Intestinal absorption of oestrogen: the effect of altering transit-time. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 1998;10(1):33-39. PubMed
- Vilanova-Sanchez A, Gasior AC, Toocheck N, et al. Are Senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children? J Pediatr Surg 2018;53(4):722-7. PubMed
- Cogley K, Echevarria A, Correa C, De la Torre-Mondragón L. Contact Burn with Blister Formation in Children Treated with Sennosides. Pediatr Dermatol 2017;34(2):e85-e88. PubMed
- Coskun Y, Yuksel I. Polyethylene glycol versus split high-dose senna for bowel preparation: A comparative prospective randomized study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35(11):1923-1929.
- Haoudar A, Chekhlabi N, El Kettani C, Dini N. Acute Hepatitis and Pancytopenia in a Child With Chronic Abuse of Senna. Cureus 2021;13(1):e12436. PubMed
- Irazábal B, Sánchez de Vicente J, Galán C, et al. Anaphylaxis Due to Senna (Cassia angustifolia). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021;31(1):71-73. PubMed
Sage 27 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Todorov S, Philianos S, Petkov V, et al. Experimental pharmacological study of three species from genus Salvia. Acta Physiol Pharmacol (Bulg) 1984;10:13-20.
- Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C. Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:651-9.. PubMed
- Saller R, Buechi S, Meyrat R, Schmidhauser C. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of Herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001;8:373-82. PubMed
- Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003;28:53-9.
- Perry NB, Anderson RE, Brennan NJ, et al. Essential oils from dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis l.): variations among individuals, plant parts, seasons, and sites. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:2048-54..
- Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Hana J, et al. In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of marker substrates by natural products. Phytomedicine 2003;10:334-42.. PubMed
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