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ILEVRO nepafenac 3 mg/mL Suspension/ Drops — NDC 00078-0743-03 package photo
Label image from the product's FDA listing (DailyMed) — may show a different pack size or an older label revision.

ILEVRO nepafenac 3 mg/mL Suspension/ Drops — NDC 0078-0743-03 (Billing 00078-0743-03)

by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation · 1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON / 3 mL in 1 BOTTLE

This is a package of ILEVRO nepafenac 3 mg/mL Suspension/ Drops from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, no longer marketed (first marketed Dec 2012), no longer in the FDA NDC Directory; retail pharmacies pay about $121.14 per mL (NADAC). It is the main listing for this product, which comes in 2 package sizes.

NDC 00078-0743-03
🏷️ FDA NDC (as labeled) 0078-0743-03 billing pads the labeler segment with a zero
This package
Contains3 mL in 1 bottle Cost per mL$121.14 NADAC Per package$363.43 / 3 ml Pack sizes2 compare ↓
Also priced by: Medicaid pays $123.40/unit — full pricing hub ↓
Main listing for product 0078-0743 · Also comes in: 1 bottle 0078-0743-96
Rx only Brand Discontinued Non-controlled ⚠ Discontinued by firm ⇄ Compare with another NDC
🗂️ FDA directory synced Oct 8, 2026 · this listing last changed Jul 24, 2026 · sources: openFDA · FDA label (DailyMed) · FDA Orange & Purple Book · First Databank · CMS NADAC, ASP, Medicare & Medicaid · RxNorm
📋 All sources & update times →

This page is curated, coded, and maintained by

Compiled from public FDA, CMS, DailyMed, NADAC, and related drug data sources. Editorial policy

NDC database record

One package, one record: these facts belong to NDC 0078-0743-03 alone.

Record
FDA NDC Directory package listing · Human prescription drug
Code segments
0078 labeler · 0743 product · 03 package
Listing certified through
Dec 31, 2027
Barcode (UPC-A, from the NDC)
3 0078074303 7
Medicaid fills, this package
131 prescriptions in the last four reported quarters
FDA record last changed
Jul 24, 2026
⚠️
Excluded from the active FDA NDC Directory. The labeler reported this product as discontinued, so it is excluded from the active NDC Directory. A label may still appear on DailyMed, but the NDC is no longer in the current FDA NDC Directory. Search the FDA NDC Directory ↗

Identity & classification

Regulatory identifiers FDA, NLM and CMS codes for this package

FDA NDC (as labeled) 0078-0743-03
Product NDC 0078-0743
11-digit billing NDC 00078074303
NCPDP billing unit ML — per mL (volume)
RxCUI 1362132, 1365866
UNII 0J9L7J6V8C
Application # NDA203491
SPL Set ID f089b583-0310-4ca8-8d41-52b06b08d1ed
Established class (EPC) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
Mechanism of action Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Chemical class Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
DEA schedule Non-controlled
Marketing category NDA
Marketing status Discontinued
FDA listing status Discontinued by firm
Marketing start 2012-12-20
Route OPHTHALMIC
Dosage form SUSPENSION/ DROPS
Substance NEPAFENAC

Drug-database identifiers Medi-Span GPI and First Databank GCN / HICL / AHFS classification

GPI-14 86805050001840
GPI class Ilevro
GCN Seq No 070358
GCN 33869
HICL code 033195
Ingredient (HICL) Nepafenac
HIC1 code Q
Therapeutic class — broad (HIC1) Ear/Eye/Nose/Rectum/Topical/Vagina/Other
HIC2 code Q6
Therapeutic class — intermediate (HIC2) Ophthalmic Preparations
HIC3 code Q6P
Therapeutic class — specific (HIC3) Eye Anti-Inflammatory Agents
AHFS code 52:08.20.00
AHFS class Eent Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflam. Agents
FDB label name ILEVRO 0.3% OPHTH DROPS
FDB brand name Ilevro
Legend status F — Federal legend — prescription drug or device
Quick answers
  • GSN (GCN sequence number): 070358
  • GCN: 33869
  • GPI-14 (Medi-Span): 86805050001840
  • HICL (First Databank): 033195
  • AHFS class code: 52:08.20.00
  • RxCUI (RxNorm): 1362132
Why two NDCs? The FDA registers this code as 0078-0743-03 — a 4-4-2 layout, and that's what's printed on the package and shown on DailyMed. For insurance claims, every NDC is standardized to a uniform 11-digit 5-4-2 format by adding a zero to the labeler segment → 00078-0743-03. Same drug, same package — only the format differs.
Where does this data come from?
Identifiers from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory and Structured Product Labeling; RxCUI from RxNorm (NLM); GPI from Medi-Span; GCN / HIC / AHFS / legend from First Databank.

RxNorm drug class

This medicine belongs to the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug class.

Pharmacologic class Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
Drug family (ATC) Antiinflammatory agents, non-steroids
How it works Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Where does this data come from?
Therapeutic classes from RxNorm RxClass (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — Established Pharmacologic Class (FDA), ATC drug family (WHO) and mechanism of action, matched by this product’s RxCUI.

Clinical

Label name ILEVRO 0.3% OPHTH DROPS Ingredient Nepafenac
📖 What it is MedlinePlus · NLM

Ophthalmic nepafenac is used to treat eye pain, redness, and swelling in patients who are recovering from cataract surgery (procedure to treat clouding of the lens in the eye). Nepafenac is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by stopping the production of certain natural substances that cause pain and swelling.

Read the full MedlinePlus article ↗
📗 Our plain-language guide HelloPharmacist
  • It treats pain and inflammation after cataract surgery. Ilevro 0.3% is the product described for this use.
  • With Ilevro 0.3%, you put one drop in the eye once a day, starting the day before surgery. You keep going on surgery day and for the first 2 weeks afterward, with an extra drop sho...
  • Yes, it can be used with other eye medicines such as beta-blockers and dilating drops. Just wait at least 5 minutes between different drops.
  • No. Ilevro 0.3% should not be used while wearing contact lenses.
📖 Read our full Nepafenac Ophthalmic guide →
1
Nutrient depletion considerations

Nepafenac may be associated with lower levels of 1 nutrient — worth a chat with your pharmacist, not a cause for alarm.

🧪 Full Nepafenac nutrient depletion report →
An association is not a deficiency. Educational only — don't start or stop anything without professional guidance.
Where does this data come from?
Plain-language summary from MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine); supplement & herbal interactions and nutrient depletion data from the Natural Medicines database; our full guide is HelloPharmacist editorial content.

Pricing

A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.

Price systemPer mLPer package
Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly $121.143 $363.43 / 3 ml
Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo $123.40 $370.19 / 3 ml
Medicare drug plans payPart D · quarterly No Part D plan price is available for this NDC in our data.
NADAC price history (per mL) — tap or hover for the price & month
May 2021 Jan 2024 Apr 2026 Sep 2026 $121.424 $98.221
▲ Up 23% over the last 14 months.
Where does this data come from?
NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) is the CMS weekly pharmacy-acquisition-cost survey — what pharmacies pay. ASP (Average Sales Price) is the CMS Medicare Part B drug-payment file, published quarterly. Medicaid pays is computed by us from CMS State Drug Utilization Data (total reimbursed ÷ units, trailing 12 months) — gross of rebates and inclusive of dispensing fees, so it reflects what Medicaid paid, not an acquisition cost. Medicare drug plans pay is the median negotiated point-of-sale unit cost across plans listing this NDC in the CMS quarterly Prescription Drug Plan pricing files, before rebates. The VA pays is the federal contract price (FSS, and the statutory Big 4 ceiling where listed) from the VA National Acquisition Center pharmaceutical price file. All are free public government data; each measures a different payer, so the figures are not directly comparable.

Packaging — all sizes for this product

Package NDCDescription Per unit Per pack Marketing startMarketing endStatus
00078-0743-03 You're viewing this Main listing 1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON / 3 mL in 1 BOTTLE $121.14 / mL $363.43 2021-01-15 — Discontinued by firm
00078-0743-96 0078-0743-96 1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON / .8 mL in 1 BOTTLE — — 2021-01-15 — Discontinued by firm

In Medicaid, this is the most-dispensed pack of this product — about 100% of fills over the last four reported quarters. See all packs ↓

Pack size FAQ

What quantity is in this package?
This package is listed by the FDA — 1 bottle in 1 carton / 3 ml in 1 bottle.
What NDC number is used to bill for this package of ILEVRO nepafenac 3 mg/mL Suspension/ Drops?
Use the 11-digit billing form listed in the identifiers section of this page. Pharmacy and medical claims use the 11-digit form; the FDA label may print a shorter form of the same code.

Prices are the latest CMS NADAC pharmacy acquisition cost per NDC; per-pack figures are per-unit × pack quantity, shown only when the pack is denominated in the same measure NADAC prices.

Therapeutic equivalents

ProductLabelerPackNADAC/unitTEStatusPrice vs. this
Ilevro 3 mg/mL 82667-0400-03 Harrow 1 bottle $121.143 — Availability likely —
Ilevro 3 mg/mLthis 00078-0743-03 Novartis 1 bottle $121.143 — Discontinued —
About this product: this is the brand-name version. We did not find an FDA-approved generic match for this exact strength, form and route.
Where does this data come from?
Equivalents are other NDCs of the same ingredient, form and route from the openFDA NDC Directory, ranked least-expensive-first by NADAC. Therapeutic-equivalence (AB) ratings come from the FDA Orange Book; biologics use the FDA Purple Book for biosimilar & interchangeable status.

Availability & generic status

🏛️
2012
First FDA approval
Oct 2012
📍
2026
Currently FDA-listed
14 years listed
🛡️
2032
Latest patent/protection listed
not a guaranteed launch date
🔒No FDA-approved generic found

We did not find an FDA-approved generic match for this exact strength, form and route. Patent/protection dates below may affect future generic timing.

🛡️ Latest patent/protection date listed: FDA patent/protection data lists protections through Mar 2032. This may affect when a full generic version becomes widely available, but it is not a guaranteed launch date.
📅 FDA approved Oct 16, 2012 RLD RS ⏳ ~5.5 yr to latest listed protection

Why the date isn’t exact: Generic timing can change because patents may be challenged, settled, licensed, added, removed, or worked around with a narrower label — and FDA approval does not always mean a pharmacy can get the generic today.

When could a generic Ilevro arrive?

No date yet

The patents are not the problem. A generic still needs FDA sign-off, and that is when it is expected.

See the full forecast for generic Ilevro →
Patents & exclusivity — FDA Orange Book
US 9662398 — drug product
US 8921337 — drug product
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032
Today
LOE
Substance patent Formulation patent Method-of-use patent Exclusivity Pediatric +6mo
🏛️FDA exclusivity
FDA-granted marketing protection. It’s separate from patents and may be shorter than patent protection.
🧪Product / substance patents
Patents covering the active ingredient, product, formulation, or related drug features.
🎯Method-of-use patents
Patents covering specific approved uses. These can sometimes be carved out with a “skinny label,” but not always.
🛈 What do these terms mean?
Patent
Legal protection listed in the Orange Book that may delay generic approval or launch. Issued by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office.
Substance patent
Covers the active drug molecule itself — the hardest to design around. A generic generally can’t launch until it expires.
Formulation (product) patent
Covers a specific formulation or dosage form. A generic can sometimes work around it with a different formulation.
Method-of-use patent
A patent covering one specific approved use of the drug — not necessarily the whole molecule. A generic can sometimes launch with a “skinny label” that carves out the protected use and keeps the others.
Skinny label
A generic label that omits a still-patented use when the FDA allows it — letting a generic reach the market for the unprotected uses.
Exclusivity
FDA-granted marketing protection, separate from patents — e.g. 5-yr new chemical entity, 7-yr orphan drug, or a +6-month pediatric extension.
Paragraph IV
A generic applicant’s formal challenge to a listed patent. It can potentially lead to earlier generic entry, but often involves litigation or a settlement.
RLD / RS
Reference Listed Drug — the brand product the FDA uses as the reference for generic applications. Reference Standard — the product the FDA expects generics to compare against in bioequivalence testing.
TE / AB rating
FDA therapeutic-equivalence rating. An AB rating generally means the FDA considers a generic therapeutically equivalent to — and substitutable for — the brand.
LOE (loss of exclusivity)
The latest patent or exclusivity currently listed — the loss-of-exclusivity / latest-listed-protection date shown on this page. Paragraph-IV challenges and settlements can move the real date earlier; FDA approval and a manufacturer’s decision to market can move it later.

Built from the FDA Orange Book. The bars above are scaled to each protection’s expiry; the red LOE marker is the last one to lapse.

Listed patents (2)
PatentTypeUse codeExpires
US 9662398 ↗ Drug product — Dec 1, 2030
US 8921337 ↗ Drug product — Mar 31, 2032
Common questions
Is there a generic version of ILEVRO 0.3% OPHTH DROPS?
No FDA-approved generic equivalent is currently listed in the FDA Orange Book for ILEVRO 0.3% OPHTH DROPS. Based on the patents and exclusivity currently listed, the Orange Book estimate is that full-label generic entry may be delayed until Mar 2032 — an estimate, not a guaranteed launch date. We are following Ilevro, but there is no expected date for its first generic yet. See the forecast.
The FDA approved a generic — why can’t I get it at my pharmacy yet?
FDA approval and pharmacy availability are two different things. The FDA can approve a generic years before it actually reaches pharmacies, because the brand company may still hold patents or have a settlement that delays the launch. A manufacturer also has to choose to make and sell it, and have supply ready. So a drug can be “FDA-approved generic exists” and still be brand-only at the counter today.
Why do different websites show different generic release dates?
Generic availability is not based on one single date. Some sources use the first exclusivity expiration, some use the last product patent, and others use the latest method-of-use patent. Patent challenges, settlements, licenses, and label carve-outs can also change the real-world launch date. This page shows the underlying Orange Book dates so you can see why estimates may differ.
What does “FDA listed” mean?
It means the product appears in the FDA’s official NDC directory. That’s a good sign a product exists and is intended for the U.S. market, but on its own it does not confirm a pharmacy can fill it today. Where we have recent retail pricing data (NADAC) for a product, we label it “Availability likely” instead.
What does a patent or protection date mean here?
It’s the latest date currently listed in the FDA Orange Book for a patent or exclusivity on the brand product. It can affect when a full generic version becomes widely available — but it is not a guaranteed generic launch date. Generics sometimes arrive earlier (through a settlement or patent challenge) or later (a manufacturer still has to make and sell one).
What does “current Orange Book estimate” mean?
It means we are using the latest patent and exclusivity dates currently listed in the FDA Orange Book. It is not a guaranteed launch date.
Can a generic come out before the last patent expires?
Sometimes. A generic company may challenge a patent, settle with the brand manufacturer, receive a license, or obtain approval with a narrower label that avoids a patented use. In other cases, the last listed protection may delay full-label generic competition.
Can a generic come out after the listed dates?
Yes. Even after patents or exclusivity expire, a generic still needs FDA approval and a manufacturer must choose to market it. Supply, litigation, business decisions, or regulatory issues can delay actual availability.
What is the difference between patents and exclusivity?
Patents are legal protections usually issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. FDA exclusivity is marketing protection granted by the FDA. They are separate, and either one can affect generic timing.
Why are there multiple patent dates?
One drug can have several patents covering different things: the active ingredient, a formulation, a manufacturing process, or a specific approved use. That is why a page may show several expiration dates instead of one simple generic date.
Built from FDA Orange Book patent and exclusivity data. Dates are refreshed from public FDA data when available; the marker is max(latest patent expiry, latest exclusivity expiry). Paragraph-IV settlements and first-filer 180-day exclusivity can shift the real date; a method-of-use patent may allow an earlier skinny-label generic for non-protected indications. Generic launch timing is an estimate, not a guarantee.
Where does this data come from?
Patents and exclusivity from the FDA Orange Book (small-molecule drugs), refreshed from public FDA data. Generic launch timing is an estimate, not a guarantee.

Inactive Ingredients / Excipients

Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.

🧪 Avoiding an ingredient? See Nepafenac Ophthalmic inactive ingredients by manufacturer: every current product's list side by side, so you can ask your pharmacy for the version that does not list it.

💡 Tap an ingredient (hover on desktop) to see what it is and why it’s used.

  • UNII F5UM2KM3W7
    Benzalkonium chloride is a chemical compound that works as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in medications. It prevents bacterial and fungal growth in liquid formulations to keep the product safe during storage and use.
  • UNII R57ZHV85D4
    Boric acid is a weak acid derived from boron. In medicines, it typically serves as a buffer to help maintain the product's pH level and may act as a preservative in certain formulations.
  • UNII HHT01ZNK31
    Carbomer Homopolymer Type B is a synthetic polymer made from acrylic acid. It absorbs water and forms a gel, so it's used in medicines as a thickener, suspending agent, and to help create a smooth texture in creams, gels, and lotions.
  • UNII K679OBS311
    Carboxymethylcellulose sodium is a plant-derived thickening agent made from cellulose. In medicines, it acts as a binder to hold ingredients together, a disintegrant to help the tablet break apart, or a thickener in liquids.
  • UNII 7FLD91C86K
    Edetate disodium is a chemical compound that binds and removes certain metal ions. In medicines, it acts as a preservative and stabilizer by preventing metals like calcium from interfering with the product's shelf life and consistency.
  • UNII E89I1637KE
    Guar gum is a natural thickener made from guar bean seeds. It's used in medicines as a binder and thickening agent to hold ingredients together and create the right texture and consistency.
  • UNII QTT17582CB
    A strong acid used to adjust and maintain the proper pH level in liquid medicines, ensuring stability and preventing breakdown of active ingredients.
  • UNII 6DC9Q167V3
    Propylene glycol is a clear liquid derived from petroleum or vegetable sources. It acts as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in medicines, helping dissolve active ingredients and maintain product stability.
  • UNII 451W47IQ8X
    Sodium chloride is common table salt. It's used in medicines as a buffer to maintain proper pH, as a filler to add bulk, or to adjust the osmotic balance in liquid formulations.
  • UNII 55X04QC32I
    A strong alkaline chemical used to adjust and maintain the pH balance of liquid medicines. It helps keep the medicine stable and ensures it stays effective during storage.
  • UNII 059QF0KO0R
    Water is a liquid solvent that dissolves and mixes ingredients together in liquid medicines, syrups, and injections. It helps distribute the active drug evenly throughout the product.

11 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.

Where does this data come from?
Data sourced from official FDA Structured Product Labeling (SPL) via DailyMed — ingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.

Inactive ingredient FAQ

Are inactive ingredients the same for every manufacturer?
No. Inactive ingredients can differ by manufacturer, dosage form, strength, and package / product version.
Why might an inactive ingredient be missing?
Some SPLs do not provide a complete structured inactive-ingredient list, and older or unusual labels may only include the information in narrative text.
Can inactive ingredients matter?
Yes. They can matter for allergies, intolerances, dyes, gluten / lactose concerns, preservatives, and formulation differences — but confirm with a pharmacist or the manufacturer when it’s clinically important.

Manufacturer & labeler

LabelerNovartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Application holderHARROW EYE LLC
FDA applicationNDA203491 (NDA)
Labeler code00078
First marketedDec 2012
Product typeHuman Prescription Drug
Portfolio209 products on file

More NDCs from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation labeler code 00078

The labeler markets the product; the application holder owns the FDA approval. They’re often the same company but can differ (e.g. a repackager or an authorized generic). A mailing address / phone appears here when the manufacturer includes it in the product’s FDA label (not all do).
Where does this data come from?
Labeler, application holder and registered establishment from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory and Drugs@FDA; address/contact from the product’s FDA label.

Full prescribing information FDA SPL

The complete FDA label for this product — the official prescribing information, verbatim, section by section. Jump with a chip, search within the label, or expand everything.
🎯 Indications and Usage ⏱️ Dosage and Administration 💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ⛔ Contraindications ⚠️ Warnings and Cautions 🤒 Adverse Reactions 👥 Use in Specific Populations 🤰 Pregnancy 🧒 Pediatric Use 🧓 Geriatric Use 🧬 Clinical Pharmacology 🧬 Mechanism of Action 📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling 📋 Description 💬 Information for Patients 🍼 Nursing Mothers 🧬 Pharmacokinetics 🔬 Clinical Studies 🧪 Nonclinical Toxicology 📄 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility 📄 Package Label / Principal Display Panel
🎯 Indications and Usage 43 words ▾

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ILEVRO ® 0.3% is indicated for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. ILEVRO ® 0.3% is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory prodrug indicated for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery ( 1 ).

⏱️ Dosage and Administration 162 words ▾

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION One drop of ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be applied to the affected eye one-time-daily beginning 1 day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. An additional drop should be administered 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery. ( 2 )

2.1Recommended Dosing One drop of ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be applied to the affected eye one time daily beginning 1 day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. An additional drop should be administered 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery.

2.2Use with Other Topical Ophthalmic Medications ILEVRO ® 0.3% may be administered in conjunction with other topical ophthalmic medications such as beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-agonists, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If more than one topical ophthalmic medication is being used, the medicines must be administered at least 5 minutes apart.

💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths 46 words ▾

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Sterile ophthalmic suspension 0.3%: 1.7 mL in a 4 mL bottle and 3 mL in a 4 mL bottle. Sterile ophthalmic suspension 0.3%: 1.7 mL in a 4 mL bottle and 3 mL in a 4 mL bottle. ( 3 )

⛔ Contraindications 47 words ▾

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS ILEVRO ® 0.3% is contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formula or to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formula or to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). ( 4 )

⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ~1 min read ▾

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation ( 5.1 ) Delayed healing ( 5.2 ) Corneal effects including keratitis ( 5.3 )

5.1Increased Bleeding Time With some NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3%, there exists the potential for increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation. There have been reports that ocularly applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause increased bleeding of ocular tissues (including hyphema) in conjunction with ocular surgery. It is recommended that ILEVRO ® 0.3% be used with caution in patients with known bleeding tendencies or who are receiving other medications which may prolong bleeding time.

5.2Delayed Healing Topical NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3%, may slow or delay healing. Topical corticosteroids are also known to slow or delay healing. Concomitant use of topical NSAIDs and topical steroids may increase the potential for healing problems.

5.3Corneal Effects Use of topical NSAIDs may result in keratitis. In some susceptible patients, continued use of topical NSAIDs may result in epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, corneal erosion, corneal ulceration, or corneal perforation. These events may be sight threatening.

Patients with evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown should immediately discontinue use of topical NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3% and should be closely monitored for corneal health. Postmarketing experience with topical NSAIDs suggests that patients with complicated ocular surgeries, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface diseases (e.g., dry eye syndrome), rheumatoid arthritis, or repeat ocular surgeries within a short period of time may be at increased risk for corneal adverse events, which may become sight threatening.

Topical NSAIDs should be used with caution in these patients. Postmarketing experience with topical NSAIDs also suggests that use more than 1 day prior to surgery or use beyond 14 days post-surgery may increase patient risk and severity of corneal adverse events.

5.4Contact Lens Wear ILEVRO ® 0.3% should not be administered while using contact lenses.

🤒 Adverse Reactions ~1 min read ▾

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Most common adverse reactions (5% to 10%) are capsular opacity, decreased visual acuity, foreign body sensation, increased intraocular pressure, and sticky sensation. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1Serious and Otherwise Important Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of labeling. Increased Bleeding Time [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Delayed Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Corneal Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]

6.2Ocular Adverse Reactions The most frequently reported ocular adverse reactions following cataract surgery were capsular opacity, decreased visual acuity, foreign body sensation, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and sticky sensation. These reactions occurred in approximately 5% to 10% of patients. Other ocular adverse reactions occurring at an incidence of approximately 1% to 5% included conjunctival edema, corneal edema, dry eye, lid margin crusting, ocular discomfort, ocular hyperemia, ocular pain, ocular pruritus, photophobia, tearing, and vitreous detachment.

Some of these reactions may be the consequence of the cataract surgical procedure.

6.3Non-Ocular Adverse Reactions Non-ocular adverse reactions reported at an incidence of 1% to 4% included headache, hypertension, nausea/vomiting, and sinusitis.

👥 Use in Specific Populations ~1 min read ▾

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C: Reproduction studies performed with nepafenac in rabbits and rats at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity due to nepafenac, despite the induction of maternal toxicity. At this dose, the animal plasma exposure to nepafenac and amfenac was approximately 70 and 630 times human plasma exposure at the recommended human topical ophthalmic dose for rats and 20 and 180 times human plasma exposure for rabbits, respectively.

In rats, maternally toxic doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg were associated with dystocia, increased postimplantation loss, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival. Nepafenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in rats. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Non-teratogenic Effects Because of the known effects of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), the use of ILEVRO ® 0.3% during late pregnancy should be avoided.

8.3Nursing Mothers Nepafenac is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ILEVRO ® 0.3% is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ILEVRO ® 0.3% in pediatric patients below the age of 10 years have not been established.

8.5Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

🤰 Pregnancy 192 words ▾

8.1Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C: Reproduction studies performed with nepafenac in rabbits and rats at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity due to nepafenac, despite the induction of maternal toxicity. At this dose, the animal plasma exposure to nepafenac and amfenac was approximately 70 and 630 times human plasma exposure at the recommended human topical ophthalmic dose for rats and 20 and 180 times human plasma exposure for rabbits, respectively.

In rats, maternally toxic doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg were associated with dystocia, increased postimplantation loss, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival. Nepafenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in rats. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Non-teratogenic Effects Because of the known effects of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), the use of ILEVRO ® 0.3% during late pregnancy should be avoided.

🧒 Pediatric Use 24 words ▾

8.4Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ILEVRO ® 0.3% in pediatric patients below the age of 10 years have not been established.

🧓 Geriatric Use 18 words ▾

8.5Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

🧬 Clinical Pharmacology 156 words ▾

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1Mechanism of Action After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, a NSAID. Nepafenac and amfenac are thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production.

12.3Pharmacokinetics Following bilateral topical ocular once-daily dosing of ILEVRO ® 0.3%, the concentrations of nepafenac and amfenac peaked at a median time of 0.5 hour and 0.75 hour, respectively on both Day 1 and Day 4. The mean steady-state C max for nepafenac and for amfenac were 0.847 ± 0.269 ng/mL and 1.13 ± 0.491 ng/mL, respectively. Nepafenac at concentrations up to 3000 ng/mL and amfenac at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL did not inhibit the in vitro metabolism of six specific marker substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4).

Therefore, drug-drug interactions involving CYP mediated metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs are unlikely.

🧬 Mechanism of Action 43 words ▾

12.1Mechanism of Action After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, a NSAID. Nepafenac and amfenac are thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production.

📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling 96 words ▾

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING ILEVRO ® 0.3% is supplied in a white, oval, low density polyethylene dispenser with a natural low density polyethylene dispensing plug and gray polypropylene cap. The 1.7 mL fill is presented in an overwrap, which provides tamper evidence to the package. Tamper evidence for the 3 mL fill is provided with a shrink band around the closure and neck area of the package.

1.7mL in 4 mL bottle NDC 0078-0743-17 3 mL in 4 mL bottle NDC 0078-0743-03 Storage: Store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F). Protect from light.

📋 Description 136 words ▾

11 DESCRIPTION ILEVRO ® 0.3% is a sterile, topical, NSAID prodrug for ophthalmic use. Each mL of ILEVRO ® 0.3% contains 3 mg of nepafenac. Nepafenac is designated chemically as 2-amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetamide with an empirical formula of C 15 H 14 N 2 O 2 .

The structural formula of nepafenac is: Nepafenac is a yellow crystalline powder. The molecular weight of nepafenac is 254.28 g/mol. ILEVRO ® 0.3% is supplied as a sterile, aqueous suspension with a pH approximately of 6.8.

The osmolality of ILEVRO ® 0.3% is approximately 300 mOsm/kg. Each mL of ILEVRO ® 0.3% contains: Active: nepafenac 0.3%. Inactives: boric acid, propylene glycol, carbomer 974P, sodium chloride, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, edetate disodium, benzalkonium chloride 0.005% (preservative), sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid to adjust pH and purified water, USP. structural formula of nepafenac

💬 Information for Patients ~1 min read ▾

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Slow or Delayed Healing Inform the patient of the possibility that slow or delayed healing may occur while using NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . Avoiding Contamination of the Product Instruct the patient to avoid allowing the tip of the dispensing container to contact the eye or surrounding structures because this could cause the tip to become contaminated by common bacteria known to cause ocular infections. Serious damage to the eye and subsequent loss of vision may result from using contaminated solutions.

Use of the same bottle for both eyes is not recommended with topical eye drops that are used in association with surgery. Contact Lens Wear ILEVRO ® 0.3% should not be administered while wearing contact lenses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . Intercurrent Ocular Conditions Advise the patient that if they develop an intercurrent ocular condition (e.g., trauma, or infection) or have ocular surgery, they should immediately seek their physician’s advice concerning the continued use of the multi-dose container [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] .

Concomitant Topical Ocular Therapy If more than one topical ophthalmic medication is being used, the medicines must be administered at least 5 minutes apart [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)] . Shake Well Before Use Patients should be instructed to shake well before each use [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . Distributed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 ©2020 T2020-15

🍼 Nursing Mothers 46 words ▾

8.3Nursing Mothers Nepafenac is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ILEVRO ® 0.3% is administered to a nursing woman.

🧬 Pharmacokinetics 110 words ▾

12.3Pharmacokinetics Following bilateral topical ocular once-daily dosing of ILEVRO ® 0.3%, the concentrations of nepafenac and amfenac peaked at a median time of 0.5 hour and 0.75 hour, respectively on both Day 1 and Day 4. The mean steady-state C max for nepafenac and for amfenac were 0.847 ± 0.269 ng/mL and 1.13 ± 0.491 ng/mL, respectively. Nepafenac at concentrations up to 3000 ng/mL and amfenac at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL did not inhibit the in vitro metabolism of six specific marker substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4).

Therefore, drug-drug interactions involving CYP mediated metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs are unlikely.

🔬 Clinical Studies ~1 min read ▾

14 CLINICAL STUDIES In two double masked, randomized clinical trials in which patients were dosed daily beginning one day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and for the first two weeks of the postoperative period, ILEVRO ® 0.3% demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared to its vehicle in treating postoperative pain and inflammation. Treatment effect over vehicle for resolution of ocular pain occurred as early as Day 1 post-surgery. Treatment effect over vehicle for resolution of inflammation was significantly better than vehicle in both studies at Day 7 and Day 14 post-surgery.

Table 1: Inflammation and Ocular Pain Resolution Results of Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.3% versus Vehicle at Day 14 Post-surgery (All-Randomized Population) Study Treatment Inflammation Resolution at Postop Day 14 Ocular Pain Resolution at Postop Day 14 Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. (1) n/N is the ratio of those with complete resolution of anterior chamber cell and flare by the postoperative Day 14 visit over all randomized subjects. (2) Difference is Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) – vehicle.

The 95% CI is derived using asymptotic approximation. Study 1 Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1) 552/851 (65%) 734/851 (86%) NEVANAC (n/N) (1) 568/845 (67%) 737/845 (87%) Vehicle (n/N) (1) 67/211 (32%) 98/211 (46%) Difference (95% CI) (2) 33% (26%, 40%) 40% (32%, 47%) Study 2 Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1) 331/540 (61%) 456/540 (84%) Vehicle (n/N) (1) 63/268 (24%) 101/268 (38%) Difference (95% CI) (2) 38% (31%, 45%) 47% (40%, 54%)

🧪 Nonclinical Toxicology 98 words ▾

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Nepafenac has not been evaluated in long-term carcinogenicity studies. Increased chromosomal aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed in vitro to nepafenac suspension. Nepafenac was not mutagenic in the Ames assay or in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay.

Oral doses up to 5000 mg/kg did not result in an increase in the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay in the bone marrow of mice. Nepafenac did not impair fertility when administered orally to male and female rats at 3 mg/kg.

📄 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility 95 words ▾

13.1Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Nepafenac has not been evaluated in long-term carcinogenicity studies. Increased chromosomal aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed in vitro to nepafenac suspension. Nepafenac was not mutagenic in the Ames assay or in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay.

Oral doses up to 5000 mg/kg did not result in an increase in the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay in the bone marrow of mice. Nepafenac did not impair fertility when administered orally to male and female rats at 3 mg/kg.

📄 Package Label / Principal Display Panel 33 words ▾

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 0078-0743-03 STERILE ILEVRO ® (nepafenac ophthalmic suspension) 0.3% 3 mL Rx Only NOVARTIS PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 0078-0743-03 STERILE ILEVRO® (nepafenac ophthalmic suspension) 0.3% 3 mL Rx Only NOVARTIS

Source: FDA Structured Product Labeling, mirrored from DailyMed / openFDA. Prefer the government’s original formatting? View this label on DailyMed ↗

Medicaid utilization & spend

📍 This exact package only: Medicaid data is reported per full 11-digit NDC — labeler, product and pack size — so every number here is for this package alone, not the drug overall. Other pack sizes report separately.
💊 Pharmacy benefit only: These are Medicaid outpatient pharmacy claims, billed by NDC. They exclude the medical benefit — clinic- or hospital-administered drugs billed under HCPCS J-codes — so drugs used mostly that way (e.g. Avastin, Lucentis, Keytruda) can look low or missing here. That’s expected, not an error.
📅 Q1 2025 – Q4 2025 · 4 quarters of data
ⓘ The newest quarter is usually incomplete when first published; states restate recent quarters in later CMS releases, so the latest figures typically revise upward. State coverage-policy changes can also shift quarter-to-quarter totals.
Prescriptions last 4 qtrs
131
Units reimbursed last 4 qtrs
414
Gross reimbursed last 4 qtrs
$51.1K
Avg / prescription
$389.98
Avg / unit
$123.40
Latest quarter Q4 2025
0Rx
Medicaid pays / mL
$123.40
gross reimbursed
vs
NADAC / mL
$121.14
acquisition cost
=
Spread
+$2.2550
+2% vs cost
What Medicaid paid per mL (before rebates; includes the pharmacy’s dispensing fee) compared with NADAC — the average price pharmacies pay to buy the drug. A positive spread means Medicaid reimbursed more than the purchase price, before manufacturer rebates.
Fee-for-service vs managed care ⓘ
72% FFS 28% MCO
Fee-for-service · 94 Rx Managed care · 37 Rx
State Medicaid map
Alaska: no data reported AK Maine: no data reported ME Washington: 48 units · 0.6 per 100k residents WA Idaho: no data reported ID Montana: no data reported MT North Dakota: no data reported ND Minnesota: no data reported MN Wisconsin: 45 units · 0.8 per 100k residents WI Michigan: no data reported MI New York: 93 units · 0.5 per 100k residents NY Vermont: no data reported VT New Hampshire: no data reported NH Oregon: no data reported OR Nevada: 39 units · 1.2 per 100k residents NV Wyoming: no data reported WY South Dakota: no data reported SD Iowa: no data reported IA Illinois: no data reported IL Indiana: no data reported IN Ohio: no data reported OH Pennsylvania: 66 units · 0.5 per 100k residents PA New Jersey: no data reported NJ Massachusetts: no data reported MA California: 123 units · 0.3 per 100k residents CA Utah: no data reported UT Colorado: no data reported CO Nebraska: no data reported NE Missouri: no data reported MO Kentucky: no data reported KY West Virginia: no data reported WV Virginia: no data reported VA Maryland: no data reported MD Connecticut: no data reported CT Rhode Island: no data reported RI Arizona: no data reported AZ New Mexico: no data reported NM Kansas: no data reported KS Arkansas: no data reported AR Tennessee: no data reported TN North Carolina: no data reported NC South Carolina: no data reported SC Delaware: no data reported DE Oklahoma: no data reported OK Louisiana: no data reported LA Mississippi: no data reported MS Alabama: no data reported AL Georgia: no data reported GA D.C.: no data reported DC Hawaii: no data reported HI Texas: no data reported TX Florida: no data reported FL
Units reimbursed · per 100k residents
0.31.2
gray = no data reported ⓘ
Colors are per 100,000 residents, so big states don’t automatically dominate. Tap or hover a state for its actual totals.
Tap or hover a state
…for its Medicaid breakdown
🏆 Top states by units · per 100k residents
1 Nevada 1.2 /100k
2 Wisconsin 0.8 /100k
3 Washington 0.6 /100k
4 Pennsylvania 0.5 /100k
5 New York 0.5 /100k
6 California 0.3 /100k
National units — by quarter
💵 About the dollar figures: “reimbursed” is what Medicaid paid pharmacies before confidential manufacturer rebates, so the program’s real net cost is lower than these numbers. Fee-for-service and managed-care claims are combined unless split above. Source: CMS State Drug Utilization Data; per-100k rates use 2023 Census population estimates.

Medicaid utilization by pack size

Medicaid (SDUD) totals over the four most recent reported quarters for every package size of this drug — handy when a specific package (e.g. a starter/titration pack) carries little or no Medicaid volume on its own.
1 bottle this page00078-0743-03 131 Rx · $51,087
1 bottle00078-0743-96 No Medicaid data
Drug total (last 4 qtrs): 131 Rx · 414 units · $51,087 gross reimbursed
Tap a pack size to open its page. Source: CMS State Drug Utilization Data, last 4 quarters.

Medicare Part D spend CMS · PART D · 2026 (Q1)

Medicare Part D (outpatient prescription) spending for Ilevro — the program that covers self-administered drugs. 2 manufacturers.
⚠️ Drug-level data: CMS publishes Part D spending by drug, not by NDC — these figures combine every manufacturer, strength and package size sold under the name Ilevro. That’s a different level of aggregation than the Medicaid card above, which is specific to this exact 11-digit NDC (pack size included), so the two aren’t directly comparable.
Period
Total Part D spend
$2.09M
Claims incl. refills
5.1K
Beneficiaries
3.8K
Spend / beneficiary
$552.39
Spend / claim
$409.98
Trend by period
💵 About the dollar figures: spending is what Part D plans paid before confidential manufacturer rebates, so the program’s real net cost is lower. A blank patient count means fewer than 11 people — CMS hides counts that small to protect privacy. Source: CMS Medicare Quarterly Part D Spending by Drug (data.cms.gov), updated quarterly.

Reported adverse events (FAERS)

Read carefully: FAERS reports are voluntary and unverified. Counts are not incidence, do not establish causation, are subject to reporting bias, and cannot be used to compare one drug to another. Shown for signal context only. Reports for Nepafenac — the ingredient across all brands.

Top reported reactions

Eye Pain455
Treatment Failure230
Vision Blurred213
Cataract129
Visual Impairment124
Eye Irritation107
Fatigue103

Age at onset

Adult103
Elderly139

Reporter sex

3,181 reports
Male · 41%
Female · 59%
Unknown · 0%

Serious outcomes

Hospitalization375
Disabling55
Life-threatening34
Reports over time (by year) — tap or hover for the count & year
2022 2023 2024 2026 117 22
Most recent year is provisional (FAERS lags ~3 months).
Where does this data come from?
Adverse-event reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) via openFDA. FAERS reports are voluntary and unverified — counts are not incidence and don’t establish causation.

About this NDC listing & data coverage

Finished prescription product No longer marketed (per FDA listing data)
What data is (and isn’t) available for this NDC — tap to expand
NDC identity (package / product / labeler codes) ✓ Available
Labeler ✓ Available
Product & package description ✓ Available
Marketing category & status ✓ Available
Active ingredient / dosage form / route ✓ Available
FDA label (SPL via DailyMed) ✓ Available
Package photos ✓ Available
Inactive ingredients (structured) ✓ Available
NADAC pharmacy acquisition price (CMS) ✓ Available
Orange Book / therapeutic-equivalence data ✓ Available
HCPCS J-code billing crosswalk — Not published for this NDC Most self-administered / retail products have no J-code — that is normal.
Medicaid utilization (CMS SDUD) ✓ Available
“Not published” reflects what the public FDA / CMS / NLM sources provide for this exact package code — it is a property of the data feeds, not a judgment about the product.

Questions about this listing

What does the discontinued status mean for this NDC?
The labeler reported a marketing end date (or the listing was delisted), so this specific package is no longer actively marketed. Remaining stock may still be dispensed for a time, and the NDC stays valid for historical records and claims — but data feeds (pricing, labeling) typically stop updating for it. Other package sizes or other manufacturers' versions of the same medication may still be marketed — see the equivalents section where available.
Is the NDC printed on the package the same as the 11-digit billing NDC?
Yes, they identify this exact package in different formats. The form printed on the packaging and shown on DailyMed is the one the FDA registered. Insurance claims use a fixed 11-digit 5-4-2 format, so the short segment is padded with a leading zero and the dashes are dropped. The Identity section at the top of this page lists each form of this code.
Does this product come in other package sizes?
Yes — the FDA directory lists 1 other package presentation of this same product, including 1 bottle (00078-0743-96). Each has its own NDC and its own page — see the package list near the top of this page.
Who lists this product with the FDA?
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation is the labeler of record for this NDC — the company under whose FDA-assigned code the package is listed. The labeler may be the manufacturer itself or a distributor marketing the product under its own code.
Do I need a prescription for this product?
This NDC is listed with FDA as a prescription product, so it is dispensed under a prescriber's order. Your pharmacist can tell you whether any over-the-counter forms of the same medication exist.
This page identifies an FDA-listed package (the NDC) and reports public regulatory and pricing data about the listing. It is reference information, not a medical recommendation — talk to your pharmacist or prescriber about your own medication.
Where does this data come from?
Listing facts (marketing category, packager status, marketing dates) from the FDA openFDA NDC Directory; label availability from DailyMed; pricing coverage from CMS NADAC; equivalence scope from the FDA Orange Book.
← 00078-0734-61 · Novartis 00078-0771-01 · Novartis →
For educational and professional reference only — not medical advice. Pricing reflects published NADAC and CMS ASP (free public data) and may differ from your acquisition cost; always verify before billing or dispensing.