Pimpinella Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

Pimpinella anisum, usually called anise or aniseed, is a flowering plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae). It produces small, fragrant seeds that have a sweet, licorice-like taste. The plant is native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia and is now grown in many warm parts of the world.

Anise has been used for centuries in cooking and traditional medicine. The seeds and the essential oil are used to flavor foods, candies, baked goods, and drinks. As an herbal remedy, people most often take it as a tea or capsule for stomach and digestive complaints.

It is worth noting that the name "anise" is sometimes confused with star anise (Illicium verum), which is a different plant. This monograph is about Pimpinella anisum.

Anise seeds contain an essential oil rich in a compound called anethole, which gives the herb its sweet, licorice-like smell and flavor. Anethole and other plant compounds are thought to relax the muscles of the digestive tract, which may help explain its traditional use for gas and cramping.

Laboratory studies suggest anise extracts may have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and mild antispasmodic effects. Some compounds in anise may also act weakly like estrogen in the body, which is why it is sometimes studied for menstrual and menopausal symptoms.

It is important to remember that these mechanisms are mostly based on test-tube and animal studies. They do not prove that anise will produce the same effects in people taking it as a supplement.

When used in the small amounts found in food, anise is generally considered safe for most people. Concentrated supplements, extracts, and especially the essential oil should be used more carefully, since stronger products may carry more risk.

People with allergies to plants in the carrot family (such as celery, fennel, dill, or caraway) may also react to anise. Because anise may have mild estrogen-like activity, people with hormone-sensitive conditions (such as certain breast, uterine, or ovarian conditions) should talk to their doctor before using it medicinally.

Pregnancy: Avoid medicinal or concentrated amounts during pregnancy, as safety has not been established. Breastfeeding: Safety of supplement-strength doses is unclear, so use caution. In both cases, check with your doctor or pharmacist first. Never give anise essential oil to infants or young children.

Anise is usually well tolerated in food amounts. Possible side effects, especially with concentrated products, include allergic reactions such as skin rash or itching, and stomach upset in some people.

The essential oil is much more potent and can be toxic if swallowed in large amounts. Undiluted essential oil can also irritate the skin. Seek medical care right away if you have signs of a serious allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or throat, or trouble breathing.

There is no official, standardized dose of anise for any health condition. Traditional use as a tea involves steeping crushed seeds in hot water, and amounts vary widely between products.

If you choose to use an anise supplement, follow the directions on the product label and do not exceed the recommended amount. Because product strength varies and the essential oil is highly concentrated, it is best to check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you have a medical condition or take other medicines.