Reflexology Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More
What is this page for?
First and foremost: how Reflexology interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Reflexology is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.
But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Reflexology is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Check Reflexology against your medication
Add one medicationDrugs that interact with Reflexology
0 medications have a known interaction with Reflexology, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.
We don’t currently list any known drug interactions for Reflexology. This doesn’t guarantee none exist — always confirm with your pharmacist before combining supplements with your medications.
What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean
Severity — How Serious It Can Be
- Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
- Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
- Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
- No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.
Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented
- Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
- Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
- Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
- Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Where This Data Comes From
- Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
- Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Reflexology combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
- Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
Reflexology: Uses, Safety & Side Effects
Reflexology is a hands-on therapy where a practitioner applies pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears, based on the idea that these points map to other parts of the body. Most people find it relaxing, and it appears generally safe, but solid evidence that it treats specific medical conditions is limited. It is best viewed as a complementary, relaxation-focused practice rather than a cure.
- Part used
- Not applicable (a hands-on therapy, not a plant or supplement)
- Common forms
- In-person sessions with a trained reflexologist; foot, hand, or ear reflexology
- Stress and relaxation
- Anxiety
- Pain relief
- Sleep problems
- Easing cancer-treatment symptoms
- General well-being
Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.
Generally low-risk for most people, but it is not a substitute for medical care.
When used appropriately. Reflexology has been used during pregnancy with apparent safety.
Read the full pregnancy detailWhen used appropriately. Reflexology has been used with apparent safety in lactating women.
Read the full breastfeeding detailPregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.
Overview
Reflexology is a type of complementary therapy. It is not an herb, supplement, or anything you swallow. Instead, a trained practitioner uses their hands, thumbs, and fingers to apply gentle pressure to specific points, usually on the feet, but sometimes on the hands or ears.
The practice is based on the idea that different points (often called "reflex points" or "zones") connect to different organs and parts of the body. The belief is that pressing these points can encourage relaxation or affect health elsewhere in the body. Modern reflexology grew out of "zone therapy" ideas developed in the early 1900s, though similar pressure-based practices have older roots in several cultures.
Today, people most often use reflexology to relax, unwind, and feel less stressed. It is offered in spas, wellness centers, and some hospitals as a supportive therapy.
How it works
Traditional reflexology theory says that the feet, hands, and ears contain a "map" of the whole body, and that pressing a reflex point sends signals that affect the matching organ or area. This proposed mechanism is not supported by modern anatomy or science, and there is no proven nerve pathway that connects specific foot points to specific organs in this way.
A more likely explanation for any benefits people feel is simpler: firm, focused touch and massage can promote relaxation, lower the sense of stress, and temporarily ease muscle tension. Pleasant touch and one-on-one attention may also improve mood and the perception of pain. These effects are real but are general benefits of relaxation and massage rather than proof of the underlying "reflex zone" theory.
Does Reflexology work?
How to read these evidence grades
Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.
Possibly Effective Cancer-related pain
Preliminary clinical research shows that a reflexology session may reduce subjective measures of pain and anxiety in cancer patients; however, the pain reduction appears to last only a short time. Within 3 hours after the reflexology session there does not appear to be benefit. There is inconsistent evidence regarding the effects of reflexology on quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Reflexology does not appear to improve measures of physical and mental well-being in patients with advanced cancer.
Possibly Effective Colic
A small clinical trial shows that giving foot reflexology to infants with colic twice weekly for 2 weeks reduces daily crying from 335 minutes to 24 minutes, compared with no change in infants given placebo foot reflexology using no pressure. In addition, a small preliminary clinical trial in infants with colic shows that giving reflexology twice weekly for 3 weeks improves colic measures when compared with no treatment.
Possibly Effective Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
A meta-analysis of clinical research shows that reflexology given for 6-10 sessions for an average of 40 minutes per session reduces PMS symptoms such as bloating, cramps, and moodiness when compared with control. Individual studies have shown benefit when reflexology is administered for at least 30 minutes.
Possibly Ineffective Asthma
Clinical research shows that reflexology over a period of 10 weeks does not improve subjective symptoms or objective measures of lung function in patients with asthma.
Also studied for 38 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Anxiety
Most clinical research shows that foot reflexology is beneficial for reducing anxiety due to various causes, although it may not be beneficial in all patient populations. A meta-analysis of preliminary clinical research shows that foot reflexology has a large beneficial effect on anxiety related to various illnesses or procedures when compared to control. Patient populations that experienced benefit in this analysis included patients over 60 years of age who are hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and others. More recent clinical research in patients hospitalized with burns shows that foot reflexology on days 3-5 or three times in one week is beneficial for reducing anxiety related to dressing change pain when compared with routine care alone. However, foot reflexology does not seem to reduce anxiety associated with an acute myocardial infarction or in patients with digestive cancers or lung cancer who are receiving treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Back pain
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology is no more effective than usual care, relaxation, or foot massage for improving pain in patients with CHRONIC low back pain. However, some research suggests that reflexology might be more beneficial than usual care for ACUTE back pain. Preliminary clinical research in patients with back pain due to prolonged bed rest shows that receiving reflexology for 16 minutes reduces back pain when compared with treatment as usual.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Burns
Preliminary clinical research in hospitalized patients with burns shows that foot reflexology, conducted three times on back-to-back days or over one week, is beneficial for burn pain, anxiety associated with dressing changes, and improving sleep duration and satisfaction when compared with routine care.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cancer-related fatigue
A small clinical study in patients with breast cancer shows that receiving 20 minutes of reflexology twice weekly for 4 weeks reduces cancer-related fatigue when compared with control. Another small clinical study in patients with lymphoma also shows that receiving reflexology for 30 minutes daily for 5 days reduces fatigue and improves the quality of sleep when compared with usual care.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cerebral palsy
Preliminary clinical research in children with cerebral palsy shows that receiving 20 minutes of reflexology twice weekly for 12 weeks reduces leg spasticity and attenuates the worsening of motor function when compared with placebo-reflexology and no additional treatment.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)
Preliminary clinical research in patients with lung or digestive cancer using platinum-based chemotherapy shows that receiving foot reflexology four times during chemotherapy treatment in addition to conventional care modestly reduces the need for antiemetics when compared with conventional care alone. However, the effect on nausea and vomiting was not significant. Additional preliminary clinical research in patients with breast cancer receiving routine care along with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide shows that receiving foot reflexology reduces the severity of nausea and vomiting when compared to routine care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Preliminary clinical research in patients with grade II to IV chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy shows that receiving reflexology for 20 minutes twice daily for 6 weeks improves the ability to perform daily functions when compared with baseline but not when compared with usual care.This study is limited by a high patient drop-out rate and may have been underpowered to detect a difference between groups.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Chemotherapy-related fatigue
A preliminary clinical study in patients receiving chemotherapy shows that administering 30 minutes of reflexology twice weekly for 8 weeks in addition to sleep hygiene education further improves sleep quality and reduces fatigue when compared with sleep hygiene education alone. Additional preliminary clinical research in patients with breast cancer receiving routine care along with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide shows that receiving foot reflexology reduces the severity of fatigue when compared with routine care alone. The validity of these findings is limited by large between-group differences in fatigue levels at baseline.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving 50-minute reflexology sessions once weekly for 4 weeks does not improve lung function or measures of quality of life in patients with COPD.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Constipation
A meta-analysis of five small preliminary clinical trials shows that foot reflexology increases the curative rate, based on measures of stool frequency and consistency, difficulties with defecation or sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain and bloating, by 27% when compared with control groups receiving routine care. Although most research shows improvements in constipation severity and time to first bowel movement, meta-analyses could not be conducted due to the small number of trials and different endpoints. In addition, preliminary clinical research in adults with multiple sclerosis shows that receiving foot reflexology sessions twice weekly for 6 weeks modestly reduces constipation severity and increases stool frequency when compared with no treatment. In patients receiving reflexology, the mean interval of stool defecation was reduced by approximately 1.7 days, compared with 0.1 days in those given no treatment.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Clinical research in males who underwent CABG surgery shows that administering foot reflexology after consciousness is regained reduces agitation immediately after treatment when compared with either placebo reflexology involving a superficial heel touch or routine care alone. In addition, time to endotracheal extubation was reduced by approximately 9 minutes.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Delirium
Clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology once daily for two consecutive days following cardiac surgery does not reduce the prevalence of delirium on either day when compared with usual care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Depression
A meta-analysis of preliminary clinical research shows that foot reflexology has a large beneficial effect on depression when compared with various types of controls. Patient populations that demonstrated benefit in this analysis included those over 60 years of age who are hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, patients with multiple sclerosis, post-menopausal females, and others. In addition, preliminary clinical research shows that self-administering foot reflexology daily for six weeks improves depression and perceived stress in middle-aged females.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Diabetes
Preliminary clinical research in older adults with type 2 diabetes shows that foot reflexology once weekly for 12 weeks modestly reduces glycated hemoglobin levels when compared with routine care alone. It is unclear if any benefit is clinically significant.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Diabetic neuropathy
Preliminary clinical research in older adults with diabetes shows that foot reflexology once weekly for 12 weeks modestly reduces the severity of neuropathy symptoms and associated disability when compared with routine care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Epilepsy
Preliminary clinical research shows that adding reflexology to standard treatment with antiepileptic drugs might reduce seizure frequency compared to using antiepileptic drugs alone in patients with intractable epilepsy. This study was limited by unclear reporting of outcomes.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Fecal incontinence
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving 30 minute reflexology sessions for six sessions increases bowel movements and decreases soiling episodes in children with encopresis and constipation.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hypertension
Preliminary clinical research in patients with hypertension who are stabilized on antihypertensive medications shows that receiving foot reflexology in the doctor's office does not reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure over the next 30 minutes when compared with no treatment.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Infertility
Preliminary clinical research in women with anovulation shows that receiving eight reflexology sessions over 10 weeks does not increase frequency of ovulation when compared with receiving sham foot massage. This study was limited by insufficient power due to difficultly in recruiting enough participants.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving 30-minute reflexology sessions for six sessions over a 2-month period does not reduce symptoms of IBS such as abdominal pain, distention, constipation, or diarrhea.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Kidney failure
Reflexology has been studied for the management of side effects in people receiving hemodialysis. One small clinical study shows that receiving 30 minutes of reflexology on the solar plexus and on the feet for 12 days reduces nausea when compared with control. Preliminary clinical research also shows that receiving reflexology 30 minutes after hemodialysis three times throughout 1 week reduces fatigue, muscle cramping, and muscle pain when compared with no additional treatment. In patients with moderate to severe pruritus, preliminary clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology on the solar plexus three days weekly for three weeks reduces itching by a large amount when compared with not receiving foot reflexology. Receiving foot reflexology three times a week during dialysis for 4 weeks also seems to be beneficial for improving sexual desire and satisfaction in male, but not female, patients with sexual dysfunction when compared with a nonspecific foot massage as sham reflexology. There was no effect on erectile function and overall satisfaction in the male patients, and benefits were no longer present one month after treatment completion. However, receiving foot reflexology three times weekly for 8 weeks does not seem to be beneficial for reducing symptoms of restless legs syndrome when compared with relaxing techniques on each foot using almond oil.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Labor pain
One preliminary clinical trial shows that receiving foot reflexology for 60 minutes twice during labor modestly reduces pain severity when compared with a control heel massage; however, when foot reflexology was received only once, pain severity was not reduced when compared with control. Another preliminary clinical trial shows that receiving one session of foot reflexology in the first stage of labor modestly reduces feelings of labor pain during both the active and transition phases of labor when compared with usual care.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Lactation
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology might be beneficial for improving milk production or success with breastfeeding. In mothers of premature infants, receiving 40 minutes of reflexology daily for 6 days seems to increase milk production for 5 out of the 6 days when compared with control. Also, receiving foot reflexology for two or three days after a cesarean section delivery modestly improves measures of suckling status, lactation onset, and breastfeeding satisfaction when compared with standard care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Menopausal symptoms
Reflexology seems to reduce physical but not psychological symptoms of menopause. Clinical research shows that reflexology over a period of 19 weeks does not reduce psychological symptoms related to menopause compared to non-specific foot massage; however, both reflexology and foot massage improved symptoms compared to baseline. Other preliminary clinical research shows that receiving reflexology twice weekly for 6 weeks reduces vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes, sweats, and night sweats compared to non-specific foot massage in menopausal women.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Migraine headache
Preliminary clinical research suggests that reflexology might help improve feelings of well-being in people with migraine headaches; however, poor study design limits the validity of these findings. Limited research has also evaluated the effects of reflexology for nitroglycerin-induced migraine. A small clinical study in patients with nitroglycerin-induced migraine shows that receiving reflexology massage for 20 minutes two times reduces pain when compared with sham reflexology.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology sessions twice weekly for 6 weeks modestly reduces constipation severity and increases stool frequency in patients with MS when compared with no treatment. In addition, reflexology treatment for 11 weeks reduces paresthesias, urinary symptoms, and spasticity in patients with MS; however, it doesn't improve muscle strength when compared with sham treatment. Also, 2 or 12 weeks of reflexology seems to reduce pain and improve quality of life when compared with practicing relaxation techniques or receiving no additional treatment.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Myocardial infarction (MI)
Preliminary clinical research in patients with a recent MI shows that adding reflexology to the ball of the left foot once daily for three days to routine care modestly reduces chest pain, but not anxiety, 20 minutes after each treatment when compared with either heel reflexology as a placebo treatment and routine care alone. Immediately after treatment, pain was reduced only when compared with routine care.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Overactive bladder
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology might reduce daytime urinary frequency in women with idiopathic detrusor overactivity when compared with sham foot massage. However, incomplete blinding in this trial limits the validity of this finding.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pain (chronic)
Observational research in children with persistent or chronic pain suggests that administration of reflexology is associated with an immediate reduction in pain and anxiety. The type, duration, and frequency of reflexology treatment was not described.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Parturition
Some research shows that receiving antenatal reflexology shortens the duration of one or more stages of labor. One preliminary clinical trial shows that receiving foot reflexology for 60 minutes once or twice during labor shortens the duration of the third stage of labor by approximately 2 minutes when compared with a heel massage; however, there was no effect on the duration of the active phase or the second stage. Another preliminary clinical trial shows that receiving one session of foot reflexology in the first stage of labor reduces the durations of the second and third stages of labor by approximately 3.5 and 2.8 minutes, respectively. In a secondary analysis of a clinical trial assessing reflexology for lower back and pelvic pain in pregnancy, antenatal reflexology was found to be associated with a reduced duration of labor when compared with usual care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Postoperative pain
Preliminary clinical research in patients post-appendectomy shows that receiving a reflexology treatment for 11 minutes in addition to usual care reduces pain to a greater degree than sham reflexology or no additional treatment. Another small clinical study in postoperative patients shows that adding a 20-minute reflexology session in addition to standard analgesic medications within 2 days of surgery further reduces short-term pain at rest and in motion when compared with analgesic treatment alone. Other clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology once daily for two consecutive days following cardiac surgery modestly reduces pain severity for up to 2 hours after each session when compared with usual care alone. Also, in patients undergoing coronary angiography, receiving foot reflexology 2 hours after the procedure has a large beneficial effect on pain and fatigue severity for at least 6 hours when compared with usual care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Postoperative recovery
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology does not affect physiological parameters but seems to reduce weaning time from mechanical ventilation when compared with usual treatment and when compared with placebo of touching the feet with no pressure in patients after open heart surgery.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Postoperative sleep disturbance
Clinical research shows that receiving foot reflexology once daily for two consecutive days following cardiac surgery does not affect sleep quality when compared with usual care alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pre-procedural anxiety
The effect of reflexology on pre-procedural anxiety is unclear, as results from clinical research are inconsistent. One small clinical study shows that reflexology applied to the hand reduces anxiety when compared with receiving a hand massage in patients waiting to undergo coronary angiography. Another preliminary study shows that pre-cesarean foot reflexology modestly reduces anxiety when compared with simple massage or usual care alone. However, another preliminary clinical study shows that reflexology 30 minutes daily for five days does not improve anxiety or blood pressure in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pregnancy-related edema
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology does not significantly reduce foot and ankle edema in pregnant women in the third trimester. However, reflexology sessions did improve feelings of well-being such as stress, tension, anxiety, discomfort, irritability, tiredness, and pain.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pregnancy-related pain
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology for 30 minutes weekly for 6 weeks reduces pregnancy-related low back and/or pelvic pain when compared with baseline. The lack of a comparator group limit the validity of these results.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Preliminary clinical research shows that receiving reflexology treatment for 40 minutes daily for 6 weeks reduces pain and fatigue compared to no intervention in patients with RA.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rhinosinusitis
Preliminary clinical research shows that reflexology might improve symptoms and decrease medication use in patients with chronic sinusitis; however, poor study design and short study duration limit the validity of these findings.
Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.
Safety & precautions
For most healthy people, reflexology is considered low-risk when done by a trained, reputable practitioner. Because it does not involve drugs or supplements, it avoids many of the risks tied to ingested products.
Still, take some care. Tell your practitioner about any health problems first. Use extra caution if you have foot injuries, open wounds, infections, gout, blood clots (or a high risk of clots), diabetes with nerve or circulation problems, or recent surgery on the area being treated. People with osteoporosis or fragile bones should make sure pressure is gentle.
For pregnancy, talk with your doctor before starting, and choose a therapist experienced with pregnant clients; some practitioners avoid certain ankle and foot points during pregnancy as a precaution. For breastfeeding, there is little specific research, so check with your healthcare provider first. Importantly, never use reflexology to delay or replace evaluation and treatment of a medical condition.
Side effects
Side effects are usually mild and uncommon. Some people report temporary tenderness or soreness in the feet or hands, mild lightheadedness, tiredness, or an emotional release during or after a session. These effects typically fade quickly.
Serious harm is rare. The main concern is not the technique itself but relying on it instead of proper medical care. If you feel pain, dizziness, or anything that worries you during a session, ask the practitioner to stop.
Reflexology: Reported Adverse Effects
Documented safety reports on Reflexology from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.
Some practitioners of reflexology indicate that some patients, following a treatment session, can experience symptoms of malaise, fatigue, nausea, or flu-like symptoms. Reflexology is believed to stimulate the body to eliminate metabolic "toxins." These potential side effects are believed to be due to this process; however, there is no reliable scientific evidence to support this belief.
Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
Dosing
There is no standardized "dose" for reflexology because it is a hands-on therapy, not something you take. Sessions commonly last around 30 to 60 minutes, and how often people go varies widely based on personal preference and budget.
If you want to try it, look for a trained, reputable practitioner, share your health history, and start with an occasional session to see how you respond. Check with your pharmacist or doctor first if you are pregnant, have a chronic illness, or have foot or circulation problems.
Reflexology & Pregnancy
Reflexology & Breastfeeding
© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center
Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
References & further reading
The 75 references that drive our Reflexology monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
- Blunt E. Foot reflexology. Holist Nurs Pract 2006;20:257-9.
- Stephenson NL, Dalton JA. Using reflexology for pain management. A review. J Holist Nurs 2003;21:179-91. PubMed
- Stephenson N, Dalton JA, Carlson J. The effect of foot reflexology on pain in patients with metastatic cancer. Appl Nurs Res 2003;16:284-6. PubMed
- Tipping L, Mackereth PA. A concept analysis: the effect of reflexology on homeostasis to establish and maintain lactation. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2000;6:189-98. PubMed
- Mak HL, Cheon WC, Wong T, et al. Randomized controlled trial of foot reflexology for patients with symptomatic idiopathic detrusor overactivity. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2007;18:653-8. PubMed
- Wilkinson IS, Prigmore S, Rayner CF. A randomised-controlled trail examining the effects of reflexology of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Complement Ther Clin Pract 2006;12:141-7. PubMed
- McNeill JA, Alderdice FA, McMurray F. A retrospective cohort study exploring the relationship between antenatal reflexology and intranatal outcomes. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2006;12:119-25. PubMed
- Tiran D, Chummun H. The physiological basis of reflexology and its use as a potential diagnostic tool. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2005;11:58-64. PubMed
- Siev-Ner I, Gamus D, Lerner-Geva L, Achiron A. Reflexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study. Mult Scler 2003;9:356-61.
- Mollart L. Single-blind trial addressing the differential effects of two reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2003;9:203-8. PubMed
- Bishop E, McKinnon E, Weir E, Brown DW. Reflexology in the management of encopresis and chronic constipation. Paediatr Nurs 2003;15:20-1. DOI
- Ross CS, Hamilton J, Macrae G, et al. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of reflexology on mood and symptom rating of advanced cancer patients. Palliat Med 2002;16:544-5. PubMed
- Williamson J, White A, Hart A, Ernst E. Randomised controlled trial of reflexology for menopausal symptoms. BJOG 2002;109:1050-5. PubMed
- Tovey P. A single-blind trial of reflexology for irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Gen Pract 2002;52:19-23.
- Oleson T, Flocco W. Randomized controlled study of premenstrual symptoms treated with ear, hand, and foot reflexology. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82(6):906-11.
- Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir H. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Clin Nurs 2007;16(4):777-85. PubMed
- Quinn F, Hughes CM, Baxter GD. Reflexology in the management of low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2008;16(1):3-8. PubMed
- Poole H, Glenn S, Murphy P. A randomised controlled study of reflexology for the management of chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 2007;11(8):878-87. PubMed
- Lee YM. Effect of self-foot reflexology massage on depression, stress responses and immune functions of middle aged women. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2006;36(1):179-88. PubMed
- Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5(3):57-65.
- Heatley DG, McConnell KE, Kille TL, Leverson GE. Nasal irrigation for the alleviation of sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125(1):44-8. PubMed
- Hodgson H. Does reflexology impact on cancer patients' quality of life? Nurs Stand 2000;14(31):33-8. PubMed
- Brygge T, Heinig JH, Collins P, et al. Reflexology and bronchial asthma. Respir Med 2001;95(3):173-9. PubMed
- Raz I, Rosengarten Y, Carasso R. Correlation study between conventional medical diagnosis and the diagnosis by reflexology (non conventional). Harefuah 2003;142(8-9):600-5, 646.
- White AR, Williamson J, Hart A, Ernst E. A blinded investigation into the accuracy of reflexology charts. Complement Ther Med 2000;8(3):166-72. PubMed
- Close C, Sinclair M, Cullough JM, Liddle D, Hughes C. A pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of reflexology for managing pregnancy low back and/or pelvic pain. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;23:117-24. PubMed
- Dalal K, Devarajan E, Pandey RM, Subbiah V, Tripathi M. Role of reflexology and antiepileptic drugs in managing intractable epilepsy--a randomized controlled trial. Forsch Komplementmed. 2013;20(2):104-11. PubMed
- Gok Metin Z, Ozdemir L. The Effects of Aromatherapy Massage and Reflexology on Pain and Fatigue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016;17(2):140-9. PubMed
- Gozuyesil E, Baser M. The effect of foot reflexology applied to women aged between 40 and 60 on vasomotor complaints and quality of life. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:78-85. PubMed
- Holt J, Lord J, Acharya U, et al. The effectiveness of foot reflexology in inducing ovulation: a sham-controlled randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(6):2514-9. PubMed
- Icke S, Genc R. Effect of Reflexology on Infantile Colic. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(6):584-588. PubMed
- Khorsand A, Tadayonfar MA, Badiee S, Aghaee MA, Azizi H, Baghani S. Evaluation of the Effect of Reflexology on Pain Control and Analgesic Consumption After Appendectomy. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(12):774-80. PubMed
- Kurt S, Can G. Reflexology in the management of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2018;32:12-19. PubMed
- McCullough JEM, Close C, Liddle SD, Sinclair M, Hughes CM. A pilot randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of antenatal reflexology on labour outcomes. Midwifery. 2017;55:137-144. PubMed
- Mobini-Bidgoli M, Taghadosi M, Gilasi H, Farokhian A. The effect of hand reflexology on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017;27:31-36. PubMed
- Nazari F, Soheili M, Hosseini S, Shaygannejad V. A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis. J Complement Integr Med. 2016;13(1):65-71. PubMed
- Ozdemir G, Ovayolu N, Ovayolu O. The effect of reflexology applied on haemodialysis patients with fatigue, pain and cramps. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013;19(3):265-73. PubMed
- Özkan F, Zincir H. The effect of reflexology upon spasticity and function among children with cerebral palsy who received physiotherapy: Three group randomised trial. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;36:128-134. PubMed
- Sharp DM, Walker MB, Chaturvedi A, et al. A randomised, controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(2):312-22. PubMed
- Wyatt G, Sikorskii A, Rahbar MH, Victorson D, You M. Health-related quality-of-life outcomes: a reflexology trial with patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(6):568-77. PubMed
- Wyatt G, Sikorskii A, Tesnjak I, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Caregiver-Delivered Reflexology for Symptom Management During Breast Cancer Treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;54(5):670-679. PubMed
- Attias S, Sivan K, Avneri O, et al. Analgesic Effects of Reflexology in Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(8):809-815. PubMed
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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
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