Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 2 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Bioforce

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor is a dietary supplement by Bioforce with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for common cold, flu and respiratory infections, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 816 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product has 2 active ingredients: echinacea purpurea extract from the aerial (above-ground) parts of the plant and echinacea purpurea extract from the root. Both deliver the plant's active compounds.

The tablet also contains inactive ingredients—sorbitol, cyclodextrin, silicon dioxide, natural orange flavor, and magnesium stearate—which help bind and preserve the formula.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use — see Echinacea's own graded uses on its monograph.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: supports child's immune function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Influenza, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Tonsillitis, Otitis media, Common cold, Respiratory infections — and 1 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Echinacea is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Echinacea is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Otitis media, Influenza, Tonsillitis.

The evidence we hold on echinacea for the conditions listed—anxiety, athletic performance, ADHD, burns, chronic fatigue, and migraine—is insufficient to rate it reliably. That means we don't have enough solid research data to say whether it works for these uses.

If you're thinking about trying echinacea for one of these, talk to your pharmacist about what the current evidence actually shows and whether it makes sense for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Echinacea is generally well tolerated short-term, but it does carry cautions. The most common side effects reported with oral use are mild—abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, rashes, and stomach upset.

Serious side effects are rare but have been reported: severe allergic reactions (including hives, difficulty breathing, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis) and hepatitis (liver inflammation). People sensitive to ragweed or related plants in the daisy family (chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies) are at higher risk for allergic reactions.

Pregnancy is rated Possibly Safe based on the data we hold, but there isn't enough reliable safety information for either pregnancy or breastfeeding, so check with your doctor or pharmacist about your individual situation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Echinacea.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 817 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you're on drugs broken down by CYP1A2 enzymes (such as certain antidepressants and theophylline for breathing), CYP3A4 substrates (a large class including many statins, HIV drugs, and immunosuppressants), immunosuppressants, chemotherapy (especially etoposide), blood thinners like warfarin, or sedatives like midazolam. Also let your pharmacist know if you take large amounts of caffeine or use any HIV protease inhibitors.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is used to support immune function during cold and flu season. If you take any prescription medication—especially drugs for your liver, immunosuppressants, blood thinners, or seizure and anti-anxiety medicines—you need to check those against the interaction tool below before starting.

People allergic to ragweed or the daisy family should be cautious. Talk to your pharmacist about your medications and medical history first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Bioforce
Barcode (UPC) 364031511509
Net contents 90 Chewable Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 25, 2013
DSLD ID 26948
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Gluten Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
364031511509
IngredientAmount% DV
Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract12 mg--
Echinacea purpurea (root) extract0.6 mg--

Other ingredients: Sorbitol, cyclodextrin, Silicon Dioxide, Colloidal, natural Orange flavor, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Like Fresh Herbs in a bottle. Exclusive A.Vogel Formula Made according to Swiss Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Practices Standardized Tests before, during and after processing guarantee uniform quality and purity

Tested - tooth friendly!

Swiss Product

~ Supports your child's immune function World's Best Researched Echinacea

Bioforce uses a unique process-extracting from fresh herbs, not dried. Fresh herbs are harvested at their prime and usually processed within 24 hours before they can dry out. Special extraction process guarantees a maximum of important fresh elements inherent in each herb.

Cultivation with a Conscience

Organically Grown

EXP: LOT:

Making Nature Work

Fresh Herb Extract

Formula

Contains organically grown herbs

Children's chewable tablet

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Children 2 to 6 years: Chew 1 tablet, 2 times per day. Children 6 to 12 years: Chew 1 tablet, 3 to 5 times per day. Children over 12 years: Chew 2 tablets, 3 to 5 times per day.

Seals/Symbols

50 Years Echinaforce(R) A.Vogel Worldwide

PRODUCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SWISS GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES SWISS GMP Standards

Bioforce

Formulation

No pesticides, insecticides, fungicides or chemical fertiliers.

Precautions

Safety Sealed Bottle. If ring at bottom of cap is missing or broken, do not use!

Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

96385.03 130808

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

(C) 2008, Bioforce AG Switzerland

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract

Interacts with
816 drugs
12 mg per serving

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...

Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract monograph & interactions

Echinacea purpurea (root) extract

Interacts with
816 drugs
0.6 mg per serving

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...

Echinacea purpurea (root) extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sorbitol, Cyclodextrin, Silicon Dioxide, Colloidal, Natural Orange flavor, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
816Drugs
815 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract 816

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor interact with 816 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 2 ingredients in A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract12 drug types · 816 drugs

Caffeine

Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Etoposide (Vepesid)

Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Darunavir (Prezista)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Dayquil Severe

Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence A
Docetaxel (Taxotere)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Etravirine (Intelence)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Echinacea purpurea (aerial part) extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor, from the product label.

Bioforce

See all Bioforce products
Name
Bioforce AG
Street Address
CH-9325
City
Roggwil TG
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce: Common Questions

Does A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor by Bioforce interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor has a known interaction with 816 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to use while pregnant?
Echinacea is rated Possibly Safe during pregnancy based on the data we hold, but there isn't enough reliable information to know for certain. Since you're making a decision for yourself and your baby, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your specific situation—they can weigh the pros and cons for you.
What side effects should I watch for?
Most people tolerate it fine. Common mild side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, rashes, and constipation. Rare but serious effects are severe allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, hives, anaphylaxis) and liver inflammation. Stop and contact your doctor right away if you have any signs of an allergic reaction or yellowing skin or eyes.
Does echinacea actually work for colds or the flu?
The effectiveness data we hold for echinacea rates it as having insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions listed here. That means the research we have isn't strong enough yet to say whether it works. Your pharmacist can talk you through the current evidence if you'd like to know more.
Can I take this if I'm allergic to ragweed?
You should be cautious. Echinacea is in the daisy family, and people who are sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies are at higher risk for allergic reactions to echinacea. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before using it.
Will this product increase how much caffeine affects me?
Yes—echinacea can raise caffeine levels in your blood by around 30% by slowing how your body breaks it down. If you drink coffee, tea, or energy drinks, you might notice more caffeine jitters or effects. This is worth keeping in mind if you're sensitive to caffeine.
What's the difference between the aerial part and root extracts in this formula?
Both are echinacea purpurea—one harvested from above ground (aerial part) and one from the root. They deliver the plant's active compounds and have the same documented interactions and safety profile. The combination in this product just gives you both parts of the plant.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Echinacea

Interacts with 816 drugs

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...

Read the full Echinacea monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

A.Vogel Echinaforce Junior Delicious Natural Orange Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 51 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Echinacea 51 references
  1. Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1. PubMed
  2. Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
  3. Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
  4. Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
  5. Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
  6. Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
  7. Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
  8. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  9. Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
  10. Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
  11. Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
  12. Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
  13. Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
  14. Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
  15. Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
  16. Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
  17. Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
  18. Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
  19. Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
  20. Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400. PubMed
  21. Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
  22. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
  23. Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
  24. Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
  25. Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
  26. Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
  27. Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
  28. Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
  29. Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
  30. Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
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  32. Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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