Age Defying Formula By California Academy of Health Overview & Drug Interactions

Supplement: Age Defying Formula by California Academy of Health

This product contains

• Dietary Fiber

  Ingredient Group	Fiber (unspecified)
  Category	fiber

  
  

  Sugars

  Ingredient Group	Sugar (unspecified)
  Category	sugar

  
  

• Borage Oil

  Description:

  Borage (Borago officinalis) is an herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is known for its hairy, light blue flowers and hairy, hairy leaves. In herbal medicine, borage is used to treat a wide range of health conditions, including respiratory problems, inflammation, and anxiety. It is also used to stimulate the appetite and to help improve mood. Borage oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the plant and contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, is used topically to treat skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. Borage must be used cautiously if taken orally as the plant parts may contain liver-toxic compounds (pyrrolizidine alkaloids). It is important to only ingest preparations that are free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

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  Ingredient Group	Borage Oil
  Category	fat

  
  

  Flaxseed Oil

  Description:

  Flaxseed, also known as linseed, is a type of seed that is rich in nutrients and other compounds. It is a good source of fiber, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids, as well as a variety of vitamins and minerals. Flaxseed is often ground and used as a supplement in the form of flaxseed meal or oil. Flaxseed has a number of potential health benefits. It is high in fiber, which can help improve digestion and lower cholesterol levels. The omega-3 fatty acids found in flaxseed are believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Flaxseed is also a rich source of lignans, plant compounds that have been shown to have estrogen-like effects. Both flaxseed and flaxseed oil are popular dietary supplements and share many of the same purported health benefits. However, one of the main differences between the two is the amount of fiber they contain. Flaxseed is a good source of both soluble and insoluble fiber, while flaxseed oil does not contain any fiber. This means that flaxseed can help improve digestion and lower cholesterol levels, while flaxseed oil does not have these effects.

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  Ingredient Group	Flaxseed Oil
  Category	fat

  
  

  Safflower Oil

  Description:

  Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a thistle-like plant cultivated for its oil-rich seeds and vibrant flowers. The plant is known for its historical use as a natural dye and for its oil, which is commonly used in cooking, skincare products, and industrial applications. Safflower oil is valued for its mild flavor, high smoke point, and potential health benefits due to its composition of monounsaturated fats and vitamin E.

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  Ingredient Group	Safflower Oil
  Category	fat

  
  

  Sunflower Oil

  Description:

  Sunflower oil is a vegetable oil extracted from sunflower seeds, known for its mild flavor and light texture. It is widely used in cooking and baking due to its high smoke point, making it suitable for frying and sautéing, and is often incorporated into various dishes as a healthier alternative to saturated fats. Additionally, sunflower oil contains vitamin E and unsaturated fats.

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  Ingredient Group	Sunflower Oil
  Category	fat

  
  

• Lyc-O-Mato and Tamat-O-Red

  Ingredient Group	Tomato
  Category	botanical

  
  

  • Lycopene

    Description:

    Lycopene is a natural red pigment and powerful antioxidant found in various fruits and vegetables, notably in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, and grapefruit. It belongs to the carotenoid family and is responsible for the vibrant red color in these foods. Studies suggest that lycopene may have health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer, due to its antioxidant properties. It is best absorbed by the body when consumed with fats or oils.

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    Ingredient Group	Lycopene
    Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

    
    

    Phytoene

    Ingredient Group	Phytoene
    Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

    
    

    Phytofluene

    Ingredient Group	Phytofluene
    Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

    
    

    Beta Carotene

    Ingredient Group	Vitamin A
    Category	vitamin

    
    

    Tocopherols

    Description:

    Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found naturally in a variety of foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin E is also available as a dietary supplement and is often added to skincare products. Vitamin E has many roles in the body, including protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting immune function.

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    Ingredient Group	Vitamin E
    Category	vitamin

    
    

    Aztec Marigold

    Ingredient Group	Tagetes
    Category	botanical

    Forms

    • Lutein
    • Zeaxanthin

    
    

• Cultivated Sea Vegetation Blend

  Ingredient Group	Header
  Category	blend

  
  

  • Lithothamnium calcaraum

    Ingredient Group	Lithothamnium
    Category	other

    
    

    Ascophylum nodosum

    Description:

    Ascophyllum nodosum is a species of brown seaweed that inhabits the shorelines of various regions including the Canadian Arctic, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, the northeastern United States, and the eastern coast of Canada. In many areas, this seaweed has become a protected species in an effort to prevent overharvesting. Ascophyllum nodosum boasts a rich nutrient profile, containing polysaccharides like fucoidans and laminarin, and an array of vitamins and minerals, including iodine. Furthermore, this seaweed is notable for carrying phlorotannins, a substance found exclusively in brown seaweed, as well as a variety of fatty acids. These include oleic acid, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of both the omega-3 and omega-6 varieties.

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    Ingredient Group	Ascophyllum nodosum
    Category	other

    
    

    Broken Cell Chlorella

    Description:

    Chlorella is a type of single-celled green algae found in freshwater which contains several different vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, such as carotenoids, zeaxanthin, lutein, fiber, nucleic acids, B12, B6, methyl cobalamine, folate, vitamin K, iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium. Chlorella is purported to have detoxifying properties and is often used as a supplement to help support the liver and kidneys. It is also thought to have immune-boosting effects and may help to reduce inflammation.

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    Ingredient Group	Chlorella
    Category	other

    
    

    Spirulina

    Description:

    Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are a type of aquatic microorganism. The term 'blue-green algae' can refer to many different types of algae, including Arthrospira genus, which is known as spirulina, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, commonly known as 'Klamath', as it is found in Klamath Lake, Oregon. Blue-green algae contain several different nutrients, including vitamins A, B6, B12, E, and K, iron, manganese, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, selenium, and chromium. Blue-green algae have been shown in some samples to be contaminated with several types of toxins, including microcystins and heavy metals, so it is important to only take supplements that are properly tested, processed, and produced.

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    Ingredient Group	Blue Green Algae
    Category	botanical

    Forms

    • Arthrospira platensis

    
    

• Aloe Vera Juice

  Description:

  Aloe vera is a plant species that is native to the Arabian Peninsula, but is widely cultivated in other hot, dry climates. It is known for its thick leaves, which contain multiple components, most notably 'aloe gel' and 'aloe latex'. The plant is used in a variety of health care products, including skin care products, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. In traditional medicine, aloe vera is used to treat a wide range of health conditions, including skin conditions, wounds, and digestive problems. It is also used to improve hair and scalp health, and as a natural remedy for constipation.

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  Ingredient Group	Aloe vera
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Citrus Bioflavonoids

  Ingredient Group	Flavonoid (mixture)
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  
  

  Noni Fruit Extract

  Description:

  Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is a tropical fruit that is native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It is also known by a variety of other names, including Indian mulberry, beach mulberry, and cheese fruit. Noni fruit is typically not eaten fresh due to its strong flavor and smell. Regardless, many parts of the plant, including the roots, fruit, stem, bark, leaves, and flowers are used to make juice, supplements, and other products. Noni has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Some studies have suggested that noni may have potential health benefits, including the ability to reduce inflammation, improve immune function, and lower blood pressure. It is also thought to have antioxidant and anti-tumor effects.

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  Ingredient Group	Noni
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Pomegranate extract

  Description:

  Pomegranate is a fruit that is native to parts of the Middle East and South Asia and is currently cultivated around the world. It is known for its bright red, edible seeds and its tart, slightly sweet flavor. It is It is a rich source of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, and widely consumed as either the fresh fruit, or in different preparations (e.g., as a beverage). Pomegranate is believed to have a number of health benefits. In traditional medicine, it is most often used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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  Ingredient Group	Pomegranate
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Pau d'Arco

  Description:

  Pau d'arco, Portuguese for "bow tree", is an evergreen tree native to the Amazon rainforest and certain tropical regions of South and Central America. The bark contains compounds such as lapachol, which is believed to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Pau d'arco has been used in traditional medicine to address various health issues, including infections and inflammation. While some studies suggest potential health benefits, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety.

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  Ingredient Group	Pau d'Arco
  Category	botanical

  Forms

  • Tabebuia impetiginosa

  
  

  Irish Moss

  Ingredient Group	Irish Moss
  Category	other

  
  

  Hi-ORAC Fruit and Vegetable Blend

  Ingredient Group	Blend (Herb/Botanical)
  Category	blend

  
  

  • Banana extract

    Description:

    Bananas are rich in starch, fiber, potassium, vitamin B6, and carbohydrates, mainly glucose, fructose, and sucrose. They also contain catecholamines, phytosterols, and carotenoids, with higher levels of carotenoids in more colored varieties. Bananas have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and they are used traditionally for conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and gastric ulcers. They are also used to aid in weight loss and have been shown to have hypotensive and immune-boosting effects in research settings.

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    Ingredient Group	banana
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Kiwi extract

    Ingredient Group	Kiwi
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Mango extract

    Ingredient Group	mango
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Pineapple extract

    Ingredient Group	Pineapple
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Cranberry extract

    Description:

    Cranberries are a type of small, tart berry native to North America. They are a rich source of antioxidants, which are substances that help to protect cells from damage caused by harmful substances called free radicals. They are also a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and other nutrients. Cranberry dietary supplements contain concentrated cranberry extract or powdered cranberry fruit. They are often used to prevent or treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), as cranberries are thought to have certain compounds that may help to prevent bacteria from attaching to the urinary tract.

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    Ingredient Group	cranberry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Cherry extract

    Ingredient Group	cherry (unspecified)
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Raspberry extract

    Ingredient Group	Raspberry (unspecified)
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Red Pepper extract

    Ingredient Group	Capsicum
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Plum extract

    Ingredient Group	Plum
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Apricot extract

    Description:

    Apricots are a type of fruit native to China and have been cultivated for thousands of years. They are typically small and orange in color, and have a sweet and slightly tart flavor. Apricots are a good source of vitamins A and C, potassium, and dietary fiber. They are also a source of antioxidants, which may help to protect the body from damage by harmful molecules known as free radicals. Apricot is used in dietary supplements as both the whole fruit and seeds (i.e., kernels). Apricot kernels have a separate monograph.

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    Ingredient Group	Apricot
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Ginger extract

    Description:

    Ginger is a spice native to Asia and part of the Zingiberaceae family. It has a pungent, spicy flavor and is often used to add flavor to dishes and drinks. Ginger has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other medicinal properties. It is commonly used to treat nausea, motion sickness, and other digestive issues. Ginger is also sometimes used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Ginger supplements generally standardize several compounds found in the root, and are often labeled as containing a certain amount of 'ginger root extract'.

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    Ingredient Group	Ginger
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Broccoli Extract

    Ingredient Group	Broccoli
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Spinach extract

    Ingredient Group	Spinach
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Kale Extract

    Ingredient Group	Kale
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Cabbage Extract

    Description:

    Cabbage is a leafy, green vegetable that belongs to the Cruciferae family, which also includes broccoli, kale, and Brussels sprouts. There are several different varieties of cabbage, including green, red, and Napa (Chinese) cabbage, which vary in size, shape, and color. Cabbage is high in a variety of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate. It is also a good source of dietary fiber and contains antioxidants. It is consumed as a low-calorie health food. It has been used in traditional medicine for its purported anti-inflammatory effects and for certain conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders and breast engorgement.

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    Ingredient Group	Cabbage
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Orange extract

    Ingredient Group	Orange (unspecified)
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Grapefruit extract

    Description:

    Grapefruit is a tropical citrus fruit known for its tart and tangy flavor. They are a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, including vitamin A, potassium, and fiber. There are several varieties of grapefruits, including white, pink, and red. This color difference is mostly attributed to their respective lycopene content. White grapefruits are the most common and have a slightly bitter taste. Pink and red grapefruits are sweeter and have a more complex flavor. Grapefruit and grapefruit seed extract is commonly used in dietary supplements for a variety of conditions, such as yeast infections, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections. It is also sometimes used to treat digestive problems, such as diarrhea and indigestion. Drug interactions with grapefruit are quite prevalent and if you take prescription medication, you should talk with your doctor or pharmacist first before consuming grapefruit.

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    Ingredient Group	Grapefruit
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Lime extract

    Description:

    Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is a citrus fruit native to Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated. It is a small, green, or yellow fruit with a sour, acidic taste and a fragrant, citrus aroma. It is a rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants as well as other nutrients, such as flavonoids, which are plant compounds with purported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Lime is used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including digestive disorders, respiratory conditions, and skin problems. It is also used as a natural remedy for fever, headache, and other ailments. Lime is sometimes applied topically to the skin to treat cuts, wounds, and other skin conditions, and is used in aromatherapy to improve mood and reduce stress.

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    Ingredient Group	Lime
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Green Tea extract

    Description:

    Green tea is a type of tea that is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. It is native to Asia and is widely consumed throughout the world. Green tea has a mild, slightly grassy flavor and is typically lighter in color and less astringent than black tea. Green tea is a rich source of antioxidants, particularly a group of compounds called catechins. These antioxidants are thought to help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Green tea is also a good source of other nutrients, including vitamin C and several B vitamins. Green tea is often consumed for a number of purported health benefits including reducing the risk of heart disease, immune-stimulating effects, and weight loss. Oral green tea supplements, containing dried powder, are most often utilized for the caffeine content and used as an appetite suppressant for weight loss.

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    Ingredient Group	Green Tea
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Bilberry extract

    Description:

    Bilberry is a small, perennial shrub that belongs to the Ericaceae family and is native to Europe, the northern United States, and Canada. It is known for its small, dark purple berries, which are similar in appearance to blueberries. The name bilberry is derived from the Danish word 'bollebar', meaning "dark berry". Bilberry is high in antioxidants, including flavonoids, and are a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin E, and manganese. Bilberry has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is claimed to have a number of potential health benefits, including improving vision, reducing inflammation, and treating diarrhea.

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    Ingredient Group	bilberry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Guava Extract

    Ingredient Group	Guava
    Category	botanical

    Forms

    • Psidium guajava

    
    

    Lemon extract

    Ingredient Group	Lemon
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Sesbania grandiflora extract

    Ingredient Group	Sesbania
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Amla Berry Extract

    Description:

    Indian gooseberry, also known as amla, is a fruit that is native to India. It is purported to have a range of potential health benefits, including supporting immune function, improving blood cholesterol levels, improving digestion, and reducing inflammation. It is also thought to have antioxidant and anti-aging properties. When used in dietary supplements, typically it will be an extract of the whole fruit and seeds.

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    Ingredient Group	Indian Gooseberry
    Category	botanical

    Forms

    • Phyllanthus emblica Extract

    
    

    Holy Basil Extract

    Description:

    Basil is an herb that is native to tropical regions of Asia and Africa and is commonly used in cooking to add flavor to a variety of dishes. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is known for its fragrant, sweet, and slightly spicy aroma. Basil also has a history of medicinal use and has been used for headache, stomach spasms, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, peptic ulcers, kidney conditions, the common cold, warts, and parasite infections. Studies of basil show it is a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron. It is also used as an essential oil, which contains linalool, estragole (methyl chavicol), eugenol, methyl cinnamate, o-cymene, citral, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, gamma-terpinene, cineole, menthol, rosmarinic acid, geraniol, and geranial.

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    Ingredient Group	Holy Basil
    Category	botanical

    Forms

    • Ociumum sanctum Extract

    
    

    Annatto extract

    Description:

    Annatto is a natural food coloring made from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana), which is native to Central and South America. The tree is known for its small, red, spiky seeds (annatto) which have a slightly sweet, earthy flavor and are sometimes used as a spice, but more commonly for their coloring properties. The seeds are ground into a powder and used to add a yellow or orange color to foods. It can also be used to dye fabrics and cosmetics. Annatto has also been used in traditional medicine for a variety of purposes, including as a source of antioxidants, as an anti-infective, to increase athletic performance, to decrease muscle soreness, and improve bad breath. There have been several reports of annatto causing allergic reactions in some individuals, so it should be used cautiously.

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    Ingredient Group	Annatto
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Green Coffee Extract

    Ingredient Group	Green Coffee
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Broccoli sprout concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Broccoli sprout
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Onion extract

    Description:

    Onion, a common vegetable, has a long history of use in traditional medicine. It is believed to have a number of health benefits due to its high content of antioxidants, such as quercetin, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties. It is often used to treat respiratory conditions, such as colds and flu, due to its expectorant and decongestant effects. It is also believed to be helpful in relieving symptoms of asthma and bronchitis and is thought to have antimicrobial properties, making it useful for treating infections and wounds. Additionally, onion is believed to help lower cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, and improve blood sugar control. Most dietary supplements containing onion are an extract that contains allicin.

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    Ingredient Group	onion
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Apple Extract

    Description:

    An apple is a type of fruit that grows on apple trees. They are a common and popular food, known for their sweet, tangy flavor and crisp texture. Apples come in a wide range of colors, including green, red, yellow, and pink, and are often eaten fresh or used in cooking. Apples have been purported to have a number of potential health benefits, as they are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are also rich in antioxidants, which may help to protect against certain chronic diseases. In addition, apples may have a number of medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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    Ingredient Group	Apple
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Acerola extract

    Description:

    Acerola, also known as the Barbados cherry or West Indian cherry, is a small, red fruit that is native to Central and South America. The fruit is known for its high levels of vitamin C, which is a powerful antioxidant that can help to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Acerola is commonly used as a supplement to increase vitamin C intake and it is available in various forms such as capsules, tablets, and powders. It is also often found in juice, jams, and other food products.

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    Ingredient Group	Acerola
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Camu Camu concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Camu Camu
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Quercetin

    Description:

    Quercetin is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of compounds found in a wide variety of plants and foods. It is purported to have a number of health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-boosting effects. Studies suggest it may also help to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as heart disease. In addition, quercetin may have anti-allergic properties and may be helpful in the treatment of allergies and asthma. It is a popular dietary supplement worldwide and is often included in products that contain antioxidants or various vitamins/minerals. Its wide range of potential health benefits mean that it could potentiate the effects of other drugs (e.g., anti-hypertensives), which is why there are an abundant number of potential interactions listed for quercetin.

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    Ingredient Group	Quercetin
    Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

    
    

    Tomato concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Tomato
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Broccoli concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Broccoli
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Acai concentrate

    Description:

    Acaí berries are a type of fruit native to the Amazon region of Brazil and grow on the açaí palm tree (Euterpe oleracea). Açaí berries are small, round, and dark purple in color and have a sweet, slightly earthy flavor. Açaí berries are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and heart-healthy fats. They are also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. Açaí berries are often marketed as a superfood due to their high antioxidant content, which may help to reduce inflammation and protect against certain diseases. Acai dietary supplements are consumed for their purported health effects and have been marketed to help improve energy levels, boost the immune system, and promote weight loss.

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    Ingredient Group	Acai
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Turmeric concentrate

    Description:

    Turmeric is a commonly used spice and a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is native to India and other parts of South Asia and is known for its bright orange-yellow color and its warm, slightly bitter flavor. In traditional medicine, turmeric is believed to have a number of health benefits due to its high content of antioxidants and other compounds, such as curcumin. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and it is often used to treat a variety of conditions, including joint pain, digestive problems, skin disorders, and respiratory infections. Most dietary supplements that utilize turmeric standardize their products based on a specific amount of curcumin (curcuminoids) per dose. Additionally, turmeric supplements are often paired with black pepper extract (piperine) to improve oral absorption.

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    Ingredient Group	Turmeric
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Garlic Concentrate

    Description:

    Garlic (Allium sativum) is a popular culinary herb native to central Asia, but is now widely cultivated. It is a member of the onion family and is known for its pungent smell and flavor. In addition to its culinary use, it has been used medicinally to treat a variety of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and infections.

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    Ingredient Group	Garlic
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Basil concentrate

    Description:

    Basil is an herb that is native to tropical regions of Asia and Africa and is commonly used in cooking to add flavor to a variety of dishes. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is known for its fragrant, sweet, and slightly spicy aroma. Basil also has a history of medicinal use and has been used for headache, stomach spasms, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, peptic ulcers, kidney conditions, the common cold, warts, and parasite infections. Studies of basil show it is a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron. It is also used as an essential oil, which contains linalool, estragole (methyl chavicol), eugenol, methyl cinnamate, o-cymene, citral, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, gamma-terpinene, cineole, menthol, rosmarinic acid, geraniol, and geranial.

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    Ingredient Group	Basil
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Oregano concentrate

    Description:

    Oregano is a perennial herb that is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is known for its fragrant leaves and small, purple flowers. Oregano is commonly used in cooking and has a strong, slightly bitter flavor. In traditional medicine, oregano is believed to have a number of health benefits due to its high content of antioxidant and possible antimicrobial properties. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, and it is used to treat a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, digestive problems, respiratory infections, and skin disorders. Most dietary supplements containing oregano are oregano oil extracts, often standardized to contain a specific amount of certain components, such as carvacrol.

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    Ingredient Group	oregano
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Cinnamon Concentrate

    Description:

    Ceylon cinnamon, sometimes known as "true" cinnamon, is a type of cinnamon that is native to Sri Lanka. It is a member of the Cinnamomum verum species and is known for its light, sweet flavor and light brown color. Ceylon cinnamon is considered to be of higher quality and is more expensive than other types of cinnamon, such as cassia cinnamon (which is more common in the United States). Ceylon cinnamon is often used in cooking and baking to add spice and flavor to dishes. The bark of Ceylon cinnamon, which contains cinnamaldehyde, is used in traditional medicine treat a variety of conditions, including indigestion, diabetes, and high cholesterol.

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    Ingredient Group	Ceylon cinnamon
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Elderberry concentrate

    Ingredient Group	European Elder
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Carrot Concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Carrot
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Mangosteen concentrate

    Description:

    Mangosteen is a tropical fruit known for its sweet, tangy flavor and deep purple rind. It is revered for its potential health benefits due to its rich content of antioxidants and nutrients. In dietary supplements, mangosteen is often marketed for its alleged anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties, though scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited and further research is needed.

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    Ingredient Group	Mangosteen
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Blackcurrant extract

    Description:

    Black currant (Ribes nigrum) is a shrub native to Europe and parts of Asia. It produces small, edible berries known for their sweet-tart flavor and deep purple color. They are often used in a variety of culinary applications and are a popular flavoring agent. Black currants are a good source of vitamin C, dietary fiber, and several other nutrients. They are also believed to have various health benefits, including boosting the immune system, improving cardiovascular health, and reducing inflammation. In addition to the whole fruit, black currant seeds are often utilized for dietary supplements and are sometimes marketed as 'black currant seed oil', which contain a high amount of GLA (Gamma-linolenic acid), an omega-6 fatty acid.

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    Ingredient Group	Black Currant
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Blueberry Extract

    Ingredient Group	Blueberry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Sweet Cherry concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Sweet Cherry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Blackberry concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Blackberry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Chokeberry concentrate

    Description:

    Chokeberry, from the aronia shrub, is a fruit widely enjoyed in Eastern Europe and Russia. It serves as a versatile ingredient for various products, including fruit syrup, juice, tea, spreads, jellies, and alcoholic beverages like spirits and wines. The black chokeberry variant is particularly favored for its use in fruit production. Beyond its culinary applications, chokeberry has a traditional association with alleviating symptoms of the common cold.

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    Ingredient Group	Chokeberry
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Raspberry concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Raspberry (unspecified)
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Spinach concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Spinach
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Kale Concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Kale
    Category	botanical

    
    

    Brussels Sprout concentrate

    Ingredient Group	Brussel Sprout
    Category	botanical

    
    

• Isomalto-Oligosaccharides

  Ingredient Group	isomaltooligosaccharide
  Category	fiber

  
  

  FOS Prebiotic Blend

  Ingredient Group	Fructo-Oligosaccharides (FOS)
  Category	fiber

  
  

  Green Papaya Juice

  Description:

  Papaya, scientifically known as Carica papaya, is a tropical fruit celebrated for its vibrant orange flesh, sweet flavor, and numerous health benefits. Originating in Central America, papaya is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Rich in vitamins A and C, as well as enzymes like papain, papaya is recognized for its digestive and immune-boosting properties. Its versatile use ranges from consumption as a fresh fruit to the production of dietary supplements, skincare products, and even meat tenderizers due to its enzymatic content.

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  Ingredient Group	Papaya
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Bromelain

  Description:

  Bromelain is a group of proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapples. It has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and protein-digesting properties. Some research suggests it may have potential benefits for conditions such as allergic rhinitis, burns, cancer, diabetic foot ulcers, and postoperative pain, among others. However, the evidence for its effectiveness in these areas is lacking, and more research is needed. It is important to note that bromelain should not be confused with other protein-digesting enzymes. Pregnant and lactating individuals should avoid using bromelain due to insufficient information about its safety in these populations.

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  Ingredient Group	Bromelain
  Category	enzyme

  
  

• Methylsulfonylmethane

  Ingredient Group	Methylsulfonylmethane
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  
  

  Glucosamine Hydrochloride

  Description:

  Glucosamine is a natural compound found in the body, particularly in the fluid that surrounds joints. It is often used as a dietary supplement to help with joint health, particularly for conditions such as osteoarthritis. Glucosamine is believed to work by helping to reduce inflammation, promoting the repair of damaged cartilage, and slowing down the loss of cartilage. There are several different forms of glucosamine supplements, including glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl-glucosamine. Glucosamine sulfate is the most commonly used form in supplements. It is important to note that glucosamine sulfate is derived from shellfish (specifically the exoskeletons of shrimp, lobster, and crabs) and can be problematic for people with shellfish allergies.

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  Ingredient Group	Glucosamine Hydrochloride
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  
  

  Rhodiola rosea root extract

  Description:

  Rhodiola is a type of plant native to the Arctic regions of Europe and Asia. It is also known as "golden root" or "arctic root." The roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola are commonly used in dietary supplements for their purported effects as an 'adaptogen', which are used to improve physical and mental performance, reduce fatigue, and enhance the ability to cope with stress. Rhodiola is believed to work by increasing the production of certain chemicals in the brain (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) that are involved in mood and energy regulation. Rhodiola supplements are often standardized to a specific amount of their rosavin and salidroside content.

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  Ingredient Group	Rhodiola
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Olive Leaf Extract

  Description:

  Olive contains compounds like polyphenols, particularly hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which have antioxidant properties that can help combat oxidative stress in the body. Olive supplements may support heart health by reducing LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Additionally, they may have anti-inflammatory effects and potentially aid in weight management.

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  Ingredient Group	Olive
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract

  Description:

  Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a tree native to Asia and is known for its distinctive fan-shaped leaves. The extract of the ginkgo leaf is commonly used in traditional medicine and is one of the most popular dietary supplements consumed worldwide. Its most common use is to help improve memory and cognitive function.

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  Ingredient Group	Ginkgo
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Hyaluronic Acid

  Ingredient Group	Hyaluronic acid
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  
  

  Horsetail extract

  Description:

  Horsetail, also known as equisetum, is a type of perennial herb that belongs to the Equisetaceae family. It is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere and has distinctive, jointed stems that resemble the tail of a horse, hence common name. Some species of horsetail are used medicinally and have been traditionally used to treat a range of ailments, including kidney and bladder problems, wounds, and hair loss. It is most commonly used in traditional medicine as an oral diuretic (i.e., water pill) for the treatment of edema. It is important to note that some species of horsetail (e.g., Equisetum palustre) may be toxic and should not be consumed. Additionally, some types of horsetail contain thiaminase, which can cause thiamine deficiency with prolonged use.

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  Ingredient Group	Horsetail
  Category	botanical

  
  

• Alanin

  Ingredient Group	Alanine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Arginine

  Ingredient Group	Arginine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Aspartic Acid

  Description:

  Aspartic acid, also known as aspartate, is a non-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the body. It functions as a building block in protein synthesis and is a central component of various enzymes. Additionally, aspartic acid plays a key role in the metabolism of nitrogen. Aspartic acid has been studied for its potential benefits as a dietary supplement. Research indicates that it may aid in cognitive function and memory by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is critical for memory and learning. Furthermore, aspartic acid has been suggested to enhance athletic performance by increasing energy and endurance through the elevation of creatine levels. It is worth mentioning that aspartame, an artificial sweetener, contains around 40% aspartic acid. Aspartic acid exists in two forms, D-aspartic acid (D-AA) and L-aspartic acid (L-AA). The structural difference between the two forms is the arrangement of atoms in their molecular structure. D-aspartic acid is more commonly found in dietary supplements for athletics, as it has been studied for its effects on testosterone levels and muscle growth.

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  Ingredient Group	Aspartic Acid
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Cystine

  Ingredient Group	Cystine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Glutamic Acid

  Ingredient Group	Glutamic Acid
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Glycine

  Description:

  Glycine is an amino acid found naturally in the body and is also available as a dietary supplement. It is considered a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can produce it on its own. Glycine supplementation has been studied for its potential to help improve sleep quality as it is purported to help to promote relaxation and reduce muscle tension. Some studies have also suggested that it may help to improve symptoms of sleep disorders such as insomnia. Glycine has also been studied for its potential to help with the management of some types of chronic pain, such as osteoarthritis, and for improving cognitive function.

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  Ingredient Group	Glycine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Histidine

  Ingredient Group	Histidine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Isoleucine

  Ingredient Group	Isoleucine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Leucine

  Ingredient Group	Leucine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Lysine

  Ingredient Group	Lysine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Methionine

  Description:

  Methionine is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained through the diet since the body cannot produce it on its own. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and various metabolic processes. Methionine is commonly found in protein-rich foods like meat, fish, dairy products, and certain plant-based sources, making it an important component of a balanced diet to support overall health and proper bodily functions.

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  Ingredient Group	METHIONINE
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Phenylalanine

  Ingredient Group	Phenylalanine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Proline

  Ingredient Group	Proline
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Serine

  Ingredient Group	Serine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Threonine

  Description:

  L-Threonine is an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained through the diet since the body cannot produce it on its own. It plays a crucial role in supporting overall health and well-being. L-Threonine is involved in protein synthesis, aiding in the formation of collagen, elastin, and muscle tissue. It also contributes to maintaining proper immune function and balancing nitrogen levels within the body.

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  Ingredient Group	THREONINE
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Tyrosine

  Description:

  L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid produced within the body through the conversion of the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. It is often used as a dietary supplement to support cognitive function, enhance focus, and mitigate stress by serving as a precursor for neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.

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  Ingredient Group	Tyrosine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

  Valine

  Ingredient Group	Valine
  Category	amino acid

  
  

• Trimethylglycine

  Ingredient Group	Betaine
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  Forms

  • Betaine

  
  

  Goji Berry Extract

  Description:

  Goji berries, also known as wolfberries, are a type of fruit native to China that grows on the goji (Lycium barbarum) shrub. Goji berries have a sweet, slightly sour taste and are often used in dried form as a snack or added to cereals, yogurt, and other dishes. They are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, and are purported to have anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and anti-aging properties. They are also a good source of protein and fiber. Dietary supplements containing goji are sometimes standardized for their polysaccharide content.

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  Ingredient Group	Goji
  Category	botanical

  Forms

  • Lycium barbarum Berry Extract

  
  

  Hawthorn Berry Extract

  Description:

  Hawthorn is a shrub native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a member of the rose family and is known for its thorny branches and small, white or pink flowers, which bloom in the spring. The fruit, called a haw, is a small red berry that is edible and often used in traditional medicine. Hawthorn has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including gastrointestinal discomfort, heart disease, high blood pressure, and chest pain. For its purported blood pressure-lowering abilities, it is thought to work by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart. Hawthorn dietary supplements are typically standardized extracts of the berry, leaf and flower of the plant.

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  Ingredient Group	Hawthorn
  Category	botanical

  Forms

  • Fructus crataegi Berry Extract

  
  

  Whole Grape Extract

  Description:

  Grapes are widely grown and cultivated for a variety of uses such as for food and beverage making (e.g., wine). They also have a long history of use in traditional medicine. The fruit and skin of grapes contain various compounds that are believed to have health benefits, including antioxidants such as resveratrol and flavonoids. These compounds may help to protect cells from damage and are purported to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases. Grapes and grape products may also have anti-inflammatory properties, which may help to reduce inflammation in the body and potentially improve symptoms of certain conditions. Grape seed extracts are also commonly used as a dietary supplement and are often standardized according to the content of polyphenols or proanthocyanidins.

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  Ingredient Group	Grape
  Category	botanical

  Forms

  • Vitis vinifera Pulp Extract
  • Vitis vinifera Seed Extract
  • Vitis vinifera Skin Extract

  
  

  Panax ginseng Leaf Extract

  Ingredient Group	Oriental Ginseng
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Milk Thistle Fruit Extract

  Description:

  Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant belonging to the aster family (Asteraceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely cultivated in many parts of the world. The plant is known for its milk-white veins on the leaves, which gives it its name. Milk thistle has a long history of use in traditional medicine, and is extremely popular as a dietary supplement, making it one of the most well-known plants in the world. It is purported to have liver-protectant effects and has been used to treat liver disorders such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. It has also been used to treat gallbladder problems and high cholesterol. While there are a number of compounds in milk thistle, one of the active constituents, silymarin, is thought to be responsible for many of its effects, and dietary supplements often report using a standardized amount (generally 70% to 80% silymarin in extracts).

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  Ingredient Group	Milk Thistle
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Suma root extract

  Ingredient Group	Suma
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Alpha Lipoic Acid

  Description:

  Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound that is made by the body and is also found in some foods, such as spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. It plays a role in energy production in the body and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. ALA has been studied for its potential health benefits, including the treatment of certain types of nerve damage, diabetes, and liver disease.

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  Ingredient Group	Alpha-Lipoic Acid
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  
  

  Horse Chestnut Seed Extract

  Ingredient Group	Horse Chestnut
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Eleuthero extract

  Description:

  Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is a plant native to Asia and a member of the Araliaceae family. It is also commonly known as 'Siberian ginseng' or 'eleuthero root'. The root of the plant is used in traditional medicine for its purported ability to improve physical and mental performance, boost the immune system, and reduce fatigue. It is also claimed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Eleuthero is often referred to as an 'adaptogen'. Adaptogens are believed to help the body resist stress. It is important to note that although eleuthero is known as 'Siberian ginseng', it is not related to Panax ginseng.

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  Ingredient Group	Eleuthero
  Category	botanical

  
  

  Coenzyme Q10

  Description:

  Coenzyme Q10, also known as CoQ10, is a naturally occurring substance that is found in every cell of the body and plays an essential role in energy production within the mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of the cells. CoQ10 also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. While CoQ10 is endogenous, meaning our body can produce it on its own, levels can decrease with age, with certain medications (e.g., statins) or due to certain medical conditions. In such cases, supplementation with CoQ10 may be beneficial. Additionally, CoQ10 supplements have been studied for a variety of health benefits, including improving heart health, reducing inflammation, and potentially even aiding in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, it's important to note that while some studies have shown potential benefits, the research on CoQ10 supplementation is still ongoing, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects on the body.

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  Ingredient Group	Coenzyme Q-10
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  Forms

  • Ubidecarenone

  
  

  Resveratrol

  Description:

  Resveratrol is a natural compound found in certain plants, including grapes, berries, and peanuts. It has been the subject of numerous scientific studies due to its potential health benefits. Some research suggests that resveratrol may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. It may also have potential as a cancer-fighting agent and may help to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

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  Ingredient Group	Resveratrol
  Category	non-nutrient/non-botanical

  Forms

  • Polygonum cuspidatum

  
  

Drugs that interact with Age Defying Formula by California Academy of Health