Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Chlorophyll Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by SP Standard Process

Chlorophyll Complex label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Chlorophyll Complex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Chlorophyll Complex is a dietary supplement by SP Standard Process with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and vision health, skin health and acne, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 812 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sesame Seed Oil, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (780 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 8 ingredients total. The active players are vitamin A (a fat-soluble vitamin for vision and immune function), sunflower lecithin (a phospholipid that may support cell health), carrot (a source of beta-carotene and other nutrients), sesame seed oil (rich in antioxidants), buckwheat (a plant seed), pea vine juice powder, Spanish Moss, and a fat soluble extract.

Three other ingredients—gelatin, water, and glycerin—are inert fillers and the capsule itself.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • The label markets general wellness (“Detoxification support”), not a specific health condition, so there is no single claim to grade against clinical-evidence data.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Vitamin A deficiency — rated "Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Aging skin — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Ulcerative colitis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Measles — rated "Possibly Effective" (Vitamin A) (Natural Medicines).

Vitamin A is effective for treating vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Sesame seed oil is possibly effective for high blood pressure.

The evidence for the other active ingredients—sunflower lecithin, carrot, buckwheat, and the ones we could not check—is either insufficient or not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Lecithin Carrot Sesame Buckwheat

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin A is generally well-tolerated at standard doses, but the facts note it builds up in your body and high doses can be toxic. High doses have rarely caused pseudotumor cerebri, liver damage, and serious neurological effects.

Chronic toxicity from large doses causes dry, cracked, itchy skin, hair loss, and brittle nails. Sunflower lecithin and carrot are generally well-tolerated; lecithin may cause stomach pain, diarrhea, or nausea in some people, and both can trigger allergic reactions (especially if you have egg, soy, or carrot allergies).

Sesame is a major allergen—allergic reactions can include hives, swelling, asthma, or anaphylaxis. Buckwheat is generally safe as a food but can cause allergic reactions including asthma and anaphylaxis in sensitive people.

Pregnancy and lactation: Vitamin A carries mixed guidance—recommended amounts are needed, but high doses (especially as retinol) risk birth defects. Sunflower lecithin is likely safe during pregnancy and lactation.

Carrot as food is likely safe, but concentrated supplements aren't well studied during pregnancy or lactation. Sesame and buckwheat safety during pregnancy and lactation is not well established in our data; check with your doctor.

We hold no pregnancy/lactation data for Spanish Moss, Fat Soluble Extract, or Pea Vine Juice Powder.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Lecithin Carrot Sesame Buckwheat

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin A, Sesame.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 813 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this, double-check with your pharmacist if you're on retinoids (Major severity), blood thinners like warfarin, hepatotoxic (liver-damaging) drugs, tetracycline antibiotics, blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, CYP2C9 substrates, or tamoxifen. No interactions are documented for sunflower lecithin, carrot, and buckwheat; Spanish Moss, Fat Soluble Extract, and Pea Vine Juice Powder were not checked.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're pregnant, nursing, or take retinoids, blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, tetracycline antibiotics, or tamoxifen, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before using this product—the interactions are real and can affect how your drugs work or your safety. If you have sesame or buckwheat allergies, this product isn't for you.

For anyone else, check your exact medications with the tool on this page before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Chlorophyll Complex, straight from the product label.

Brand SP Standard Process
Barcode (UPC) 812122010504
Net contents 240 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2025
DSLD ID 340153
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
120
UPC/BARCODE
812122010504
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Vitamin A40 mcg RAE4%
Proprietary Blend780 mg--
Sunflower Lecithin0 NP--
Carrot0 NP--
Spanish Moss0 NP--
Sesame Seed Oil0 NP--
Fat Soluble Extract0 NP--
Buckwheat0 NP--
Pea Vine Juice, Powder0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Water, Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Detoxification

GF (gluten free)

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Two softgels per meal, or as directed. Chewing this product is not recommended.

General Statements

Whole food supplements since 1929

Precautions

Warning: If pregnant or nursing, or have any health condition, consult your health care professional before using this product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Contains: Sesame.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Chlorophyll Complex label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
40 mcg RAE per serving Form: Beta-Carotene

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Proprietary Blend

780 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Water, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Chlorophyll Complex?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
812Drugs
9 Major 665 Moderate 138 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sesame Seed Oil 528
Vitamin A 387

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Chlorophyll Complex interact with 812 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 8 ingredients in Chlorophyll Complex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sesame Seed Oil Vitamin A

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Chlorophyll Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sesame Seed Oil5 drug types · 528 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking sesame oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical studies show that sesame oil can decrease plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Some clinical research in patients taking glibenclamide shows that using sesame oil or a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil in place of other oil for cooking reduces plasma glucose more than glibenclamide alone. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Taking sesame oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that replacing other cooking oil with sesame oil can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with or without hypertension. There is also some evidence that sesame oil has additive effects in patients also taking atenolol, nifedipine, and/or hydrochlorothiazide. In patients using nifedipine, using a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil for cooking reduces both SBP and DBP more than nifedipine alone.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, sesame might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro, sesame inhibits CYP2C9. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, sesame might interfere with tamoxifen.
In animal research, sesame seed reduces the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research suggests that sesamin, a constituent of sesame, can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sesame Seed Oil full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Chlorophyll Complex, from the product label.

SP Standard Process

See all SP Standard Process products
Name
Standard Process Inc.
Street Address
1200 West Royal Lee Drive
City
Palmyra
State
WI
ZipCode
53156
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process: Common Questions

Does Chlorophyll Complex by SP Standard Process interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Chlorophyll Complex has a known interaction with 812 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Chlorophyll Complex contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is vitamin A safe during pregnancy?
Recommended amounts are needed during pregnancy, but high doses—especially retinol supplements—can cause birth defects and should be avoided. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product's vitamin A level is right for you during pregnancy.
What does sesame seed oil do in this product?
Sesame seed oil is an antioxidant-rich ingredient. Research shows it may help with high blood pressure and blood sugar control, though the evidence is limited. It's also a major allergen, so let us know if you have a sesame allergy.
Can I take this if I'm allergic to sesame?
No. This product contains sesame seed oil. Allergic reactions to sesame can be serious, including anaphylaxis. Avoid this product if you have a sesame allergy.
What are the most common side effects?
At normal doses, vitamin A is well-tolerated. Sunflower lecithin may cause stomach pain, diarrhea, or nausea in some people. Sesame and buckwheat can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Will this help with my skin?
Vitamin A in this product is possibly effective for aging skin based on the evidence we hold. Results vary, and it works best when you're not deficient in vitamin A to start with. Talk to your pharmacist about realistic expectations for your skin.
Is there anything in here I can't check for drug interactions?
Yes. We hold no interaction data for Spanish Moss, Fat Soluble Extract, or Pea Vine Juice Powder, so we can't assess whether they interact with your medications. If you're on multiple drugs, mention those three ingredients to your pharmacist when you ask about interactions.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Chlorophyll Complex is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Chlorophyll Complex label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Chlorophyll Complex’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lecithin

Lecithin is a natural fatty substance found in foods and made by the body that is widely used as a supplement and food emulsifier. Evidence supporting most of its health claims is limited, t...

Read the full Lecithin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Carrot

Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is safe and nutritious for most people, but...

Read the full Carrot monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sesame

Interacts with 528 drugs

Sesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant compounds called lignans. Some early research sugges...

Read the full Sesame monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Buckwheat

Buckwheat is a nutritious, naturally gluten-free seed that is high in fiber, protein, and antioxidants like rutin. As a food it can be part of a heart-healthy diet, but evidence that buckwhe...

Read the full Buckwheat monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Chlorophyll Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 119 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
  11. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
  12. Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
  13. Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
  14. Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
  15. Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
  16. Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
  17. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  18. Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
  19. Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
  20. Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
  21. Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
  22. Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
  23. Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
  24. Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
  25. Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501. PubMed
  26. Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980. PubMed
  27. Mohammad YM, Raslan IR, Al-Hussain FA. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Induced by Topical Application of Vitamin A. J Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36(4):412-3. PubMed
  28. Masnadi Shirazi K, Nikniaz Z, Masnadi Shirazi A, Rohani M. Vitamin A supplementation decreases disease activity index in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:215-219. PubMed
  29. Ding Y, Hu P, Yang Y, et al. Impact of maternal daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the mother-infant pair: a randomised placebo-controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2370. PubMed
  30. Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke SS. Vitamin A and bone fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Spec Oper Med 2021;21(2):100-7. PubMed
  31. Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Haykal MR, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;3(3):CD008524. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

Lecithin 9 references
  1. Buchman AL, Dubin M, Jenden D, et al. Lecithin increases plasma free choline and decreases hepatic steatosis in long-term total parenteral nutrition patients. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1363-70.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
  3. Chatellier G, Lacomblez L. Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial. Groupe Francais d'Etude de la Tetrahydroaminoacridine. BMJ 1990;300:495-9.
  4. Gelenberg AJ, Dorer DJ, Wojcik JD, et al. A crossover study of lecithin treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:149-53.
  5. Little A, Levy R, Chuaqui-Kidd P, Hand D. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of high-dose lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:736-42. PubMed
  6. Palm M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Kanny G, et al. Food allergy to egg and soy lecithins. Allergy 1999;54:1116-7. PubMed
  7. Drachman DA, Glosser G, Fleming P, et al. Memory decline in the aged: treatment with lecithin and physostigmine. Neurology 1982;32:944-50. PubMed
  8. Gelenberg, A. J., Doller-Wojcik, J. C., and Growdon, J. H. Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary results from a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136(6):772-776. PubMed
  9. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. Subpart B - listing of specific substances affirmed as GRAS. Sec. 184.1400 Lecithin. Available at: https:

See these in context on the Lecithin monograph →

Carrot 14 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Wetzel WE, Lehn W, Grieb A. [Carotene jaundice in infants with "sugar nursing bottle syndrome"]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1989;137(10):659-61.
  3. el-Arab AE, Khalil F, Hussein L. Vitamin A deficiency among preschool children in a rural area of Egypt: the results of dietary assessment and biochemical assay. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2002;53(6):465-74. PubMed
  4. Helbling A. [Food allergy]. Ther Umsch 1994;51(1):31-7.
  5. Kaplan R. Carrot addiction. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1996;30(5):698-700.
  6. Ncube, T. N., Greiner, T., Malaba, L. C., and Gebre-Medhin, M. Supplementing lactating women with puréed papaya and grated carrots improved vitamin A status in a placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr 2001;131(5):1497-1502. PubMed
  7. Mullins M, Froelke BR, Rivera MR. Effect of delayed activated charcoal on acetaminophen concentration after simulated overdose of oxycodone and acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47(2):112-5. PubMed
  8. Kawai M, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Hagura A, Masuda K, Katoh N. Allergic contact dermatitis due to carrots. J Dermatol 2014;41(8):753-4. PubMed
  9. Xu X, Cheng Y, Li S, et al. Dietary carrot consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur J Nutr 2014;53(8):1615-23. PubMed
  10. Donaldson MS, Speight N, Loomis S. Fibromyalgia syndrome improved using a mostly raw vegetarian diet: an observational study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2001;1:7. PubMed
  11. Chen H, Shao F, Zhang F, Miao Q. Association between dietary carrot intake and breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37):e12164. PubMed
  12. Bosanac SS, Clark AK, Sivamani RK. Phytophotodermatitis related to carrot extract-containing sunscreen. Dermatol Online J. 2018;24(1). pii: 13030/qt2nv2d1n0. DOI
  13. Deding U, Baatrup G, Christensen LP, Kobaek-Larsen M. Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes. Nutrients 2020;12(2):332. PubMed
  14. Sánchez-Guerrero IM, Nieto A, Meseguer J, et al. Occupational Rhinoconjunctivitis Induced by Unusual Allergens of Carrot. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020;30(3):204-206. PubMed

See these in context on the Carrot monograph →

Sesame 53 references
  1. von Moltke LL, Weemhoff JL, Bedir E, et al. Inhibition of human cytochromes P450 by components of Ginkgo biloba. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:1039-44.
  2. Sankar, D., Sambandam, G., Ramakrishna, Rao M., and Pugalendi, K. V. Modulation of blood pressure, lipid profiles and redox status in hypertensive patients taking different edible oils. Clin Chim Acta 2005;355(1-2):97-104. PubMed
  3. Sankar, D., Rao, M. R., Sambandam, G., and Pugalendi, K. V. A pilot study of open label sesame oil in hypertensive diabetics. J Med Food 2006;9(3):408-412. PubMed
  4. Sankar, D., Rao, M. R., Sambandam, G., and Pugalendi, K. V. Effect of sesame oil on diuretics or Beta-blockers in the modulation of blood pressure, anthropometry, lipid profile, and redox status. Yale J Biol.Med. 2006;79(1):19-26.
  5. Sacco, S. M., Chen, J., Power, K. A., Ward, W. E., and Thompson, L. U. Lignan-rich sesame seed negates the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen but maintains bone health in a postmenopausal athymic mouse model with estrogen-responsive breast tumors. Menop PubMed
  6. Sacco, S. M., Power, K. A., Chen, J., Ward, W. E., and Thompson, L. U. Interaction of sesame seed and tamoxifen on tumor growth and bone health in athymic mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007;232(6):754-761.
  7. Hsiao, E. S., Lin, L. J., Li, F. Y., Wang, M. M., Liao, M. Y., and Tzen, J. T. Gene families encoding isoforms of two major sesame seed storage proteins, 11S globulin and 2S albumin. J Agric Food Chem 2006;54(25):9544-9550. PubMed
  8. Ramesh, B., Saravanan, R., and Pugalendi, K. V. Influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Med Food 2005;8(3):377-381. PubMed
  9. Panizzolo, C., Tura, M., and Barbato, A. Anaphylaxis to sesame paste. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;37(1):34-35.
  10. Leduc, V., Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Tzen, J. T., Morisset, M., Guerin, L., and Kanny, G. Identification of oleosins as major allergens in sesame seed allergic patients. Allergy 2006;61(3):349-356. PubMed
  11. Agne, P. S., Bidat, E., Agne, P. S., Rance, F., and Paty, E. Sesame seed allergy in children. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;36(8):300-305.
  12. Dalal, I., Binson, I., Levine, A., Somekh, E., Ballin, A., and Reifen, R. The pattern of sesame sensitivity among infants and children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003;14(4):312-316. PubMed
  13. Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Kanny, G., and Lagrange, A. [Occupational asthma caused by organic substances]. Rev Med Interne 1994;15 Suppl 2:216s-225s.
  14. Keskinen, H., Ostman, P., Vaheri, E., Tarvainen, K., Grenquist-Norden, B., Karppinen, O., and Nordman, H. A case of occupational asthma, rhinitis and urticaria due to sesame seed. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21(5):623-624. PubMed
  15. Alday, E., Curiel, G., Lopez-Gil, M. J., Carreno, D., and Moneo, I. Occupational hypersensitivity to sesame seeds. Allergy 1996;51(1):69-70. DOI
  16. Kubo, Y., Nonaka, S., and Yoshida, H. Contact sensitivity to unsaponifiable substances in sesame oil. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(4):215-217. PubMed
  17. Steurich, F. [Allergy to sesame seeds]. Pneumologie 1989;43(12):710-714.
  18. Morisset, M., Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Kanny, G., Guenard, L., Beaudouin, E., Flabbee, J., and Hatahet, R. Thresholds of clinical reactivity to milk, egg, peanut and sesame in immunoglobulin E-dependent allergies: evaluation by double-blind or single-blind
  19. Tsai, H. J., Kumar, R., Pongracic, J., Liu, X., Story, R., Yu, Y., Caruso, D., Costello, J., Schroeder, A., Fang, Y., Demirtas, H., Meyer, K. E., O'Gorman, M. R., and Wang, X. Familial aggregation of food allergy and sensitization to food allergens: a fam
  20. James, C., Williams-Akita, A., Rao, Y. A., Chiarmonte, L. T., and Scheider, A. T. Sesame seed anaphylaxis. N Y State J Med 1991;91(10):457-458.
  21. Chiu, J. T. and Haydik, I. B. Sesame seed oil anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;88(3 Pt 1):414-415. PubMed
  22. Asero, R., Mistrello, G., Roncarolo, D., Antoniotti, P. L., and Falagiani, P. A case of sesame seed-induced anaphylaxis. Allergy 1999;54(5):526-527.
  23. Pajno, G. B., Passalacqua, G., Magazzu, G., Barberio, G., Vita, D., and Canonica, G. W. Anaphylaxis to sesame. Allergy 2000;55(2):199-201. PubMed
  24. Neering, H., Vitanyi, B. E., Malten, K. E., van Ketel, W. G., and van Dijk, E. Allergens in sesame oil contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1975;55(1):31-34. DOI
  25. Caminiti, L., Vita, D., Passalacqua, G., Arrigo, T., Barberi, S., Lombardo, F., and Pajno, G. B. Tahini, a little known sesame-containing food, as an unexpected cause of severe allergic reaction. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16(5):308-310.
  26. Phan, T. G., Strasser, S. I., Koorey, D., McCaughan, G. W., Rimmer, J., Dunckley, H., Goddard, L., and Adelstein, S. Passive transfer of nut allergy after liver transplantation. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(2):237-239. PubMed
  27. Oiso, N., Yamadori, Y., Higashimori, N., Kawara, S., and Kawada, A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by sesame oil in a topical Chinese medicine, shi-un-ko. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(2):109.
  28. VAN Dijk, E., Dijk, E., Neering, H., and Vitanyi, B. E. Contact hypersensitivity to sesame oil in patients with leg ulcers and eczema. Acta Derm Venereol 1973;53(2):133-135. DOI
  29. Beyer, K., Bardina, L., Grishina, G., and Sampson, H. A. Identification of sesame seed allergens by 2-dimensional proteomics and Edman sequencing: seed storage proteins as common food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110(1):154-159. PubMed
  30. Koopman, M., Richter, C., Parren, R. J., and Janssen, M. Bodybuilding, sesame oil and vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44(9):1135. PubMed
  31. Kagi, M. K. and Wuthrich, B. Falafel burger anaphylaxis due to sesame seed allergy. Ann Allergy 1993;71(2):127-129.
  32. Hayakawa, R., Matsunaga, K., Suzuki, M., Hosokawa, K., Arima, Y., Shin, C. S., and Yoshida, M. Is sesamol present in sesame oil? Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):133-135.
  33. Malish, D., Glovsky, M. M., Hoffman, D. R., Ghekiere, L., and Hawkins, J. M. Anaphylaxis after sesame seed ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1981;67(1):35-38. PubMed
  34. Fremont, S., Zitouni, N., Kanny, G., Veneri, V., Metche, M., Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., and Nicolas, J. P. Allergenicity of some isoforms of white sesame proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32(8):1211-1215. PubMed
  35. Pastorello, E. A., Varin, E., Farioli, L., Pravettoni, V., Ortolani, C., Trambaioli, C., Fortunato, D., Giuffrida, M. G., Rivolta, F., Robino, A., Calamari, A. M., Lacava, L., and Conti, A. The major allergen of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) is a 2S albu
  36. Wolff, N., Cogan, U., Admon, A., Dalal, I., Katz, Y., Hodos, N., Karin, N., and Yannai, S. Allergy to sesame in humans is associated primarily with IgE antibody to a 14 kDa 2S albumin precursor. Food Chem Toxicol 2003;41(8):1165-1174. PubMed
  37. Wolff, N., Yannai, S., Karin, N., Levy, Y., Reifen, R., Dalal, I., and Cogan, U. Identification and characterization of linear B-cell epitopes of beta-globulin, a major allergen of sesame seeds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114(5):1151-1158.
  38. Navuluri, L., Parvataneni, S., Hassan, H., Birmingham, N. P., Kelly, C., and Gangur, V. Allergic and anaphylactic response to sesame seeds in mice: identification of Ses i 3 and basic subunit of 11s globulins as allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006;14 PubMed
  39. Beyer, K., Grishina, G., Bardina, L., and Sampson, H. A. Identification of 2 new sesame seed allergens: Ses i 6 and Ses i 7. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119(6):1554-1556. PubMed
  40. Moreno, F. J., Rubio, L. A., Olano, A., and Clemente, A. Uptake of 2S albumin allergens, Ber e 1 and Ses i 1, across human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Agric Food Chem 2006;54(22):8631-8639. PubMed
  41. Moreno, F. J., Maldonado, B. M., Wellner, N., and Mills, E. N. Thermostability and in vitro digestibility of a purified major allergen 2S albumin (Ses i 1) from white sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1752(2):142-153. PubMed
  42. Okura, T., Ibe, M., Umegaki, K., Shinozuka, K., and Yamada, S. Effects of dietary ingredients on function and expression of P-glycoprotein in human intestinal epithelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33(2):255-259. PubMed
  43. Nabekura, T., Yamaki, T., Ueno, K., and Kitagawa, S. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 by dietary phytochemicals. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008;62(5):867-873. PubMed
  44. Devarajan S, Chatterjee B, Urata H, et al. A blend of sesame and rice bran oils lowers hyperglycemia and improves the lipids. Am J Med. 2016;129(7):731-9. PubMed
  45. Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Nikbakht E, Natanelov E, Khalesi S. Can sesame consumption improve blood pressure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(10):3087-3094. PubMed
  46. Devarajan S, Singh R, Chatterjee B, Zhang B, Ali A. A blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil lowers blood pressure and improves the lipid profile in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. J Clin Lipidol. 2016;10(2):339-49. PubMed
  47. Warren CM, Chadha AS, Sicherer SH. Prevalence and severity of sesame allergy in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199144. PubMed
  48. Sillcox C, Gabrielli S, Clarke AE, et al. Sesame-induced anaphylaxis in pediatric patients from the cross-Canada anaphylaxis registry. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;129(3):342-346. PubMed
  49. Yargholi A, Najafi MH, Zareian MA, Hawkins J, Shirbeigi L, Ayati MH. The effects of sesame consumption on glycemic control in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:2873534. PubMed
  50. Sohouli MH, Haghshenas N, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Shidfar F. Consumption of sesame seeds and sesame products has favorable effects on blood glucose levels but not on insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Phytot PubMed
  51. Atefi M, Entezari MH, Vahedi H, Hassanzadeh A. The effects of sesame oil on metabolic biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022;21(1):1065-1080. PubMed
  52. Khani B, Bidgoli SR, Moattar F, Hassani H. Effect of sesame on sperm quality of infertile men. J Res Med Sci. 2013;18(3):184-7.
  53. Huang H, Zhou G, Pu R, Cui Y, Liao D. Clinical evidence of dietary supplementation with sesame on cardiovascular risk factors: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(20):5592-5602. PubMed

See these in context on the Sesame monograph →

Buckwheat 12 references
  1. Schiffner R, Przybilla B, Burgdorff T, et al. Anaphylaxis to buckwheat. Allergy 2001;56:1020-1. PubMed
  2. Lee SY, Lee KS, Hong CH, Lee KY. Three cases of childhood nocturnal asthma due to buckwheat allergy. Allergy 2001;56:763-6. PubMed
  3. Wieslander G, Norback D. Buckwheat allergy. Allergy 2001;56:703-4.
  4. Skrabanja V, Liljeberg Elmstahl HG, Kreft I, Bjorck IM. Nutritional properties of starch in buckwheat products: studies in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:490-6. PubMed
  5. Bijlani RL, Gandhi BM, Gupta MC, et al. Effect of whole buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flour supplementation on lipid profile & glucose tolerance. Indian J Med Res 1985;81:162-8.
  6. Fritz SB, Gold BL. Buckwheat pillow-induced asthma and allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003;90:355-8. PubMed
  7. Ihme, N., Kiesewetter, H., Jung, F., Hoffmann, K. H., Birk, A., Muller, A., and Grutzner, K. I. Leg oedema protection from a buckwheat herb tea in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled c
  8. Archimowicz-Cyrylowska B and et al. Clinical effect of buckwheat herb, Ruscus extract and troxerutin on retinopathy and lipids in diabetic patients. Phytother Res 1996;10(659):62. DOI
  9. Cifuentes L, Mistrello G, Amato S, et al. Identification of cross-reactivity between buckwheat and coconut. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015 Dec;115(6):530-2. PubMed
  10. De Maat-Bleeker F, Stapel SO. Cross-reactivity between buckwheat and latex. Allergy. 1998 May;53(5):538-9. PubMed
  11. Qiu J, Liu Y, Yue Y, Qin Y, Li Z. Dietary tartary buckwheat intake attenuates insulin resistance and improves lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res. 2016 Dec;36(12):1392-1401. PubMed
  12. Li L, Lietz G, Seal C. Buckwheat and CVD risk markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(5). pii: E619. PubMed

See these in context on the Buckwheat monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team