D.Bal.Max Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by D.Bal.Max
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking D.Bal.Max against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
D.Bal.Max is a dietary supplement by D.Bal.Max with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle building and recovery, increasing daily protein intake, weight management.Based on those ingredients, 344 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Tribulus Terrestris, Sodium, Whey Protein concentrate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
D.Bal.Max is a 7-ingredient capsule centered on protein and amino acids. Its actives include whey protein concentrate (for muscle and recovery support), sodium, and the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine — all common in sports nutrition.
It also contains tribulus terrestris, a plant extract, and a blend of fats. The remaining ingredients are gelatin capsules, brown rice flour, and magnesium stearate — typical inactive fillers and binders that give the capsule its structure.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
For athletic performance, whey protein is rated possibly effective — it has some supporting evidence. However, whey protein is rated possibly ineffective for osteoporosis and COPD, meaning the data doesn't show it helps those conditions.
Evidence for whey and age-related cognitive decline or HIV/AIDS-related wasting is insufficient — we simply don't have enough reliable data. Tribulus is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction, but possibly ineffective for athletic performance and has insufficient evidence for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Whey protein is generally well tolerated in healthy adults at standard doses, though concentrated supplements aren't as thoroughly studied as whole-food whey. Common side effects are dose-related and include bloating, cramps, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, nausea, reflux, and reduced appetite.
Notably, whey protein has been linked to acne onset or worsening in teenagers and young adults; acne typically clears after stopping the product. Sodium is well tolerated in moderate amounts — normal dietary intake is fine — but high intake is tied to high blood pressure and worsened heart and kidney disease.
Tribulus is often well tolerated short-term, though long-term safety data are limited. Rare serious effects include liver or kidney injury and seizures.
Pregnancy and lactation: whey protein data are not on file. Sodium is rated likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during lactation.
Tribulus should be avoided during pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to lack of established safety.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Stop and check with your pharmacist before using D.Bal.Max if you take levodopa (Major interaction with whey protein). Also double-check if you're on quinolone or tetracycline antibiotics, bisphosphonates, antihypertensive drugs, corticosteroids, antidiabetes medications, or lithium — all have Moderate interactions with one or more ingredients in this product.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
D.Bal.Max is designed for muscle support and athletic performance, and whey protein in it has some evidence for that use. However, if you're on levodopa, this product is off the table — the interaction is serious.
If you take blood pressure or diabetes medications, antibiotics, bisphosphonates, lithium, or corticosteroids, check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before starting. Talk to your pharmacist if you have acne concerns or are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 11, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about D.Bal.Max, straight from the product label.
| Brand | D.Bal.Max |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 0795400864887 |
| Net contents | 30 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Apr 11, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 268023 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Protein | 0.5 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Cholesterol | 1 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Whey Protein concentrate | 150 mg | -- |
| Calories | 3.9 Calorie(s) | 1% |
| Total Carbohydrate | 0.3 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Sodium | 2.2 mg | 1% |
| Fat | 0.1 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Sugars | 0 Gram(s) | -- |
| Leucine | 25 mg | -- |
| Isoleucine | 100 mg | -- |
| Valine | 100 mg | -- |
| Saturates | 0 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Dietary Fibre | 0 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Tribulus Terrestris | 25 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin Capsules, Brown Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Pure bodybuilding dynamite
Formulation
Triple action Explosive formula Maximum results Maximum muscle Maximum strength Maximum performance
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max
These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Protein
Whey Protein concentrate
Interacts with53 drugs
Whey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when combined...
Whey Protein concentrate monograph & interactionsSodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsFat
- › Saturates
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Dietary Fibre
Tribulus Terrestris
Interacts with259 drugs
Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims...
Tribulus Terrestris monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin Capsules, Brown Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
D.Bal.Max contains ingredients that interact with a number of medications.
Whey protein concentrate, one of its active ingredients, has a Major interaction with levodopa (a Parkinson's medication). Whey protein may decrease how your body absorbs levodopa and can worsen tremor, rigidity, and on-off episodes in people taking it — so if you're on levodopa, this product isn't a safe match.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Whey protein also interacts Moderately with quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as bisphosphonates (osteoporosis drugs). The calcium in whey protein binds these medications in your gut and blocks absorption; you'd need to space doses carefully — at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after the product for antibiotics, or 30 minutes before for bisphosphonates.
Sodium in this product interacts Moderately with antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, and other sodium-containing drugs — chiefly by raising sodium levels too high or reducing medication effectiveness. Tribulus terrestris, another ingredient, interacts Moderately with antihypertensive drugs, antidiabetes medications, and lithium.
We could not check leucine, isoleucine, valine, or saturates for interactions. Use the medication checker below to verify your specific drugs against this product before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against D.Bal.Max?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in D.Bal.Max interact with 344 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 9 ingredients in D.Bal.Max interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Tribulus Terrestris Sodium Whey Protein concentrate
Benserazide, LevodopaMadopar, Prolopa
How Benserazide, Levodopa interacts with D.Bal.Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Whey Protein ConcentrateLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Read the full Whey Protein Concentrate + Benserazide, Levodopa interactionCarbidopa, LevodopaDhivy, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR
How Carbidopa, Levodopa interacts with D.Bal.Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Whey Protein ConcentrateLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Read the full Whey Protein Concentrate + Carbidopa, Levodopa interactionCarbidopa, Levodopa, EntacaponeStalevo
How Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interacts with D.Bal.Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Whey Protein ConcentrateLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Read the full Whey Protein Concentrate + Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interactionLevodopaInbrija, Larodopa
How Levodopa interacts with D.Bal.Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Whey Protein ConcentrateLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Read the full Whey Protein Concentrate + Levodopa interactionLevodopa, CarbidopaDuodopa
How Levodopa, Carbidopa interacts with D.Bal.Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Whey Protein ConcentrateLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Read the full Whey Protein Concentrate + Levodopa, Carbidopa interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in D.Bal.Max with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Tribulus Terrestris
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.
Lithium
Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Whey Protein concentrate
Levodopa
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease levodopa absorption.
Small clinical studies show that concomitant ingestion of protein or high doses of leucine or isoleucine (100 mg/kg) and levodopa can exacerbate tremor, rigidity, and the "on-off" syndrome in patients with Parkinson disease.
Bisphosphonates
Theoretically, whey protein might reduce the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Whey protein contains minerals such as calcium that bind bisphosphonates in the gut. Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before whey protein, but preferably at a different time of day.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease quinolone absorption.
Whey protein contains minerals, such as calcium, that can bind to quinolones in the gut. To avoid this interaction, advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after whey protein.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, whey protein might decrease tetracycline absorption.
Whey protein contains minerals, such as calcium, that bind to tetracyclines in the gut. To avoid this interaction, advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after whey protein.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for D.Bal.Max, from the product label.
D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max: Common Questions
Does D.Bal.Max by D.Bal.Max interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will whey protein in this product help me build muscle and improve athletic performance?
I get acne — is whey protein going to make it worse?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What are the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in here for?
Is there a lot of sodium in this product?
What is tribulus terrestris and why is it in here?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if D.Bal.Max is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind D.Bal.Max’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Whey Protein
Interacts with 53 drugsWhey protein is a high-quality, complete protein made from cow's milk that can help people meet protein needs and support muscle growth when combined with exercise. It is generally safe for...
Read the full Whey Protein monograph → Herb & supplement monographSodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monographTribulus
Interacts with 259 drugsTribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims is weak and inconsistent. It is general...
Read the full Tribulus monograph →Sources & How We Checked
D.Bal.Max's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 73 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Whey Protein 25 references
- Martindale W. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.
- Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
- Bell SJ. Whey protein concentrates with and without immunoglobulins: a review. J Med Food 2000;3:1-13. PubMed
- Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Hammerstad JP, et al. The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 1984;310:483-8. PubMed
- Baruzzi A, Contin M, Riva R, et al. Influence of meal ingestion time on pharmacokinetics of orally administered levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 1987;10:527-37. PubMed
- Juncos JL, Fabbrini G, Mouradian MM, et al. Dietary influences on the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa. Arch Neurol 1987;44:1003-5. PubMed
- Eriksson T, Granerus AK, Linde A, et al. "On-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease: relationship between dopa and other large neutral amino acids in plasma. Neurology 1988;38:1245-8. PubMed
- Semla TP, Beizer JL, Higbee MD. Geriatric Dosage Handbook. 4th ed. Hudson, OH: Lexicomp, 1998.
- Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
- Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
- Micke, P., Beeh, K. M., and Buhl, R. Effects of long-term supplementation with whey proteins on plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients. Eur.J Nutr 2002;41(1):12-18. PubMed
- Chitapanarux, T., Tienboon, P., Pojchamarnwiputh, S., and Leelarungrayub, D. Open-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2009;24(6):1045-1050. PubMed
- Sataloff, R. T., Bittermann, T., Marks, L., Lurie, D., and Hawkshaw, M. The effects of glutathione enhancement on sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Nose Throat J 2010;89(9):422-433.
- Zhu, K., Meng, X., Kerr, D. A., Devine, A., Solah, V., Binns, C. W., and Prince, R. L. The effects of a two-year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF-1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal
- Bjorkman, M. P., Pilvi, T. K., Kekkonen, R. A., Korpela, R., and Tilvis, R. S. Similar effects of leucine rich and regular dairy products on muscle mass and functions of older polymyalgia rheumatica patients: a randomized crossover trial. J Nutr Health A
- Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. PubMed
- Gouni-Berthold, I., Schulte, D. M., Krone, W., Lapointe, J. F., Lemieux, P., Predel, H. G., and Berthold, H. K. The whey fermentation product malleable protein matrix decreases TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised plac
- Errichiello, L., Pezzella, M., Santulli, L., Striano, S., Zara, F., Minetti, C., Mainardi, P., and Striano, P. A proof-of-concept trial of the whey protein alfa-lactalbumin in chronic cortical myoclonus. Mov Disord. 2011;26(14):2573-2575. PubMed
- Carcillo, J. A., Dean, J. M., Holubkov, R., Berger, J., Meert, K. L., Anand, K. J., Zimmerman, J., Newth, C. J., Harrison, R., Burr, J., Willson, D. F., and Nicholson, C. The randomized comparative pediatric critical illness stress-induced immune suppres
- Chungchunlam, S. M., Moughan, P. J., Henare, S. J., and Ganesh, S. Effect of time of consumption of preloads on measures of satiety in healthy normal weight women. Appetite 2012;59(2):281-288. PubMed
- Rencuzogullari I, Börekçi A, Karakoyun S, et al. Coronary thrombosis in three coronary arteries due to whey protein. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(4):664.e3-664.e4. PubMed
- Silverberg NB. Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes. Case Reports Cutis. 2012;90(2):70-2.
- Simonart T. Acne and whey protein supplementation among bodybuilders. Dermatology. 2012;225(3):256-8. PubMed
- Pontes TC, Costa Fernandes Filho GM, Pereira Trindade AS, Sobral Filho JF. Incidence of acne vulgaris in young adult users of protein-calorie supplements in the city of João Pessoa-PB. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(6):907-12.
- Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, Berkey CS, et al. Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 May;58(5):787-93. PubMed
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
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