Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

DIM Gummy+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NutriRise

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

DIM Gummy+ is a dietary supplement by NutriRise with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 494 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Diindolylmethane, Sodium, Broccoli. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Angelica sinensis” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (40 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

DIM Gummy+ contains 4 active ingredients: sodium (an electrolyte), diindolylmethane or DIM (a compound from cruciferous vegetables), broccoli, and Angelica sinensis root extract (also called dong quai). The product also contains inactive ingredients — sugar, glucose syrup, water, apple pectin, natural flavors, citric acid, sodium citrate, red beet, coconut oil, and carnauba wax — that serve as sweeteners, thickeners, and coatings.

DIM and broccoli are both compounds from the cruciferous vegetable family. Dong quai is a traditional herbal root used in Asian medicine.

Sodium is added as a mineral supplement.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Hormone balance and women's health support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dysmenorrhea, Menopausal symptoms, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Prostate cancer, Hormonal acne — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Dong Quai is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Menopausal symptoms (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Dong Quai is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Dysmenorrhea.
  • Also on file: Diindolylmethane is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Prostate cancer.

The effectiveness data we hold for these ingredients shows mixed results. Sodium is rated Likely Effective for cystic fibrosis and Possibly Effective for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, but evidence is Insufficient to Rate it for bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure.

Diindolylmethane, broccoli, and dong quai all have Insufficient Reliable Evidence to Rate them for their listed uses — benign prostatic hyperplasia, various cancers, cervical dysplasia, and others. Broccoli is rated Possibly Effective for colorectal cancer.

In short, if you're taking this for prostate, hormone, or cancer-related reasons, the evidence in our data doesn't establish that it works for those purposes.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Diindolylmethane Broccoli Dong Quai

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is generally well tolerated in normal dietary amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. The safety notes advise against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Diindolylmethane is generally well tolerated in short-term studies, but long-term safety isn't established; avoid it if you're pregnant, and don't use it while breastfeeding because of lack of safety information. Broccoli as a food is safe for most people, though concentrated supplements are less studied.

Dong quai is generally well tolerated but may cause burping and flatulence; it can increase bleeding, cause sun sensitivity, and the safety data advises against it in pregnancy and breastfeeding. The most common adverse effects reported with diindolylmethane are diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting.

Broccoli may cause loose stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping, especially at high doses. Serious adverse effects are rare but can include worsening cardiovascular or kidney disease with excess sodium.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Diindolylmethane Broccoli Dong Quai

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Dong Quai, Diindolylmethane, Broccoli, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 494 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Most urgent: if you take warfarin or other blood thinners, do not start this product without your doctor's approval — dong quai significantly increases bleeding risk. Also check before taking if you use blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, diuretics, estrogen therapy, or drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP2A6 enzymes (your pharmacist can identify these).

Broccoli and diindolylmethane both affect how your body breaks down certain medications, potentially making them less effective.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines a mineral, a plant compound, and two herbal ingredients with multiple drug interactions — especially important if you take blood thinners, blood pressure medications, lithium, or certain hormone drugs. The evidence supporting its effectiveness for its listed uses (prostate health, hormonal balance, cancer prevention) is currently insufficient or not established.

Before starting, check your exact medications with the tool on this page, and talk with your pharmacist or doctor, particularly if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on any prescription.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about DIM Gummy+, straight from the product label.

Brand NutriRise
Net contents 60 Vegan Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2024
DSLD ID 317983
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates3 Gram(s)1%
Sodium5 mg2%
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)6%
Total Sugars3 Gram(s)--
Diindolylmethane300 mg--
Broccoli40 mg--
Angelica sinensis Root Extract10 mg--
Angelica sinensis40 mg--

Other ingredients: Sugar, Glucose Syrup, Water, Apple Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Red Beet, Coconut Oil, Carnauba Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, take two (2) gummies once daily, preferably with a meal and a glass of water or as directed by a health care professional.

Precautions

Caution: Do not exceed recommended dose. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement.

Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Non-GMO ingredients

Vegan-friendly ingredients

Third party tested Manufactured in USA with globally sourced ingredients

Plant based dietary supplement Hormone support Promotes estrogen metabolism

Non-GMO, gluten & dairy free ingredients

Brand IP Statement(s)

NutriRise Believe in Your Health

Formula

DIM Gummy+ with dong quai & broccoli

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

Manufactured in USA with globally-sourced ingredients Manufactured in an FDA Registered Facility Lab Tested 3rd Party Certified for purity & potency

General Statements

Please recycle

See for yourself

DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
5 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with
269 drugs
300 mg per serving

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and...

Diindolylmethane monograph & interactions

Broccoli

Interacts with
187 drugs
40 mg per serving

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...

Broccoli monograph & interactions

Angelica sinensis

Interacts with
163 drugs
40 mg per serving

Dong Quai is a traditional Chinese herb often called "female ginseng" and is mostly used for menstrual and menopausal complaints. High-quality scienti...

Angelica sinensis monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sugar, Glucose Syrup, Water, Apple Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Red Beet, Coconut Oil, Carnauba Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against DIM Gummy+?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
494Drugs
2 Major 492 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Broccoli 187

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in DIM Gummy+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Diindolylmethane3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Broccoli2 drug types · 187 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Angelica sinensis3 drug types · 163 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with warfarin.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of dong quai with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case, after 4 weeks of taking dong quai 565 mg once or twice daily, the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to 4.9. The INR normalized 4 weeks after discontinuation of dong quai.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Animal studies suggest that dong quai has antithrombin activity and inhibits platelet aggregation due to its coumarin components. Additionally, some case reports in humans suggest that dong quai can increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. However, clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking 1 gram of dong quai root daily for 3 weeks does not significantly inhibit platelet aggregation or cause bleeding. Until more is known, use dong quai with caution in patients taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, dong quai may reduce the effects of estrogens.
Dong quai has estrogenic effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of dong quai might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for DIM Gummy+, from the product label.

NutriRise

See all NutriRise products
Name
NutriRise
City
Austin
State
TX
ZipCode
78701
Phone Number
1 (855) 302-3867
Web Address
http://nutririse.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise: Common Questions

Does DIM Gummy+ by NutriRise interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, DIM Gummy+ has a known interaction with 494 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
DIM Gummy+ contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Sodium is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy and Possibly Unsafe in lactation. Diindolylmethane is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy, but there's no reliable safety information for breastfeeding — avoid it. Broccoli is Likely Safe. Dong quai has no safety rating on file for pregnancy or lactation, but the safety notes advise against it during both. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before starting.
What side effects might I experience?
Most common are diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting from diindolylmethane or broccoli. Dong quai may cause burping and flatulence. Too much sodium can worsen high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney problems. Stop and contact your doctor if you notice symptoms of bleeding (if you're on blood thinners) or unusual skin reactions.
Does this product actually work for prostate health or hormone balance?
The evidence we hold shows Insufficient Reliable Evidence to Rate diindolylmethane, broccoli, and dong quai for these uses. None of them are proven effective in our data for benign prostatic hyperplasia, cancer prevention, or the other conditions listed on the label. If these are your reasons for considering it, talk with your doctor about evidence-based options.
Why does this gummy contain sodium?
Sodium is added as an electrolyte and also as sodium citrate, which serves as a preservative and flavor enhancer in the gummy. However, adding sodium to a supplement means you're getting extra intake beyond your normal diet, which can be a concern if you have high blood pressure or take medications affected by sodium levels.
Is broccoli in a gummy as effective as eating fresh broccoli?
The amount of broccoli in a gummy is much smaller than the 500 grams used in research studies, so it's unlikely to produce the same enzyme-inducing effects on your medications. That said, concentrated broccoli extracts in supplements are less well studied than whole broccoli as food, so safety data is limited.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. Sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure medications work. Broccoli and diindolylmethane also affect how your body processes certain drugs. Run your specific medication names through the checker on this page and then confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

DIM Gummy+ label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

DIM Gummy+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 76 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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