Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 7 of 11 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

EAA Raw Unflavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NutraBio

EAA Raw Unflavored label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking EAA Raw Unflavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

EAA Raw Unflavored is a dietary supplement by NutraBio with 11 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for sports and exercise support, blood sugar balance, general amino acid supplementation.Based on those ingredients, 675 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are L-Tryptophan, CocoPure, Taurine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 13 of its 13 active ingredients.
  • “Branched Chain Amino Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (6 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Full Spectrum EAA-BCAA Matrix” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (8.20 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

EAA Raw Unflavored contains 13 active ingredients, all of them amino acids — the building blocks your body uses to make and repair protein and many other compounds. The main ones include L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine (the three branched-chain amino acids, or BCAAs), plus L-lysine, L-histidine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-alanine, taurine, DL-phenylalanine, and DL-methionine.

The product also includes coconut water (CocoPure) and AstraGin, a plant extract claimed to support nutrient absorption. There are no inactive ingredients listed.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: energy and exercise performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Physical performance, Exercise-induced dehydration, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Fatigue, Postoperative recovery — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Lysine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: L-tryptophan is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Taurine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Fatigue, Physical performance, and more.

The evidence for effectiveness varies widely by ingredient and proposed use. L-lysine is possibly effective for cold sores (herpes labialis), but evidence is insufficient to rate it for child growth, pressure ulcers, or diabetic foot ulcers.

L-histidine is possibly effective for cholera but has insufficient evidence for eczema, kidney failure, or rheumatoid arthritis. L-threonine appears possibly ineffective for ALS and has insufficient evidence for multiple sclerosis or spasticity.

L-tryptophan is possibly ineffective for depression. Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and congestive heart failure, but possibly ineffective for obesity.

For the other amino acids and ingredients in this product — L-alanine, L-valine, DL-phenylalanine, taurine, DL-methionine, AstraGin, and coconut water — the effectiveness data we hold does not establish evidence for common health claims.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Alpha-alanine Taurine Coconut Water Lysine Histidine Threonine L-tryptophan

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of these amino acids are generally well tolerated at typical doses when consumed as food, but supplement safety at higher doses or long-term is not well studied. L-lysine may cause stomach upset, diarrhea, or abdominal pain in high amounts; one rare case report linked it to kidney problems.

L-threonine may cause headache, diarrhea, or constipation. L-tryptophan has a history concern: in 1989, over 1,500 cases of a rare neurological disorder called eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) were linked to contaminated L-tryptophan from a single Japanese manufacturer; nearly all contaminated batches were recalled and FDA limits remain on imports.

Modern L-tryptophan is thought to be safe, but mild side effects like drowsiness, nausea, and headache occur. Taurine is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is less certain; rare case reports describe hypersensitivity reactions in people sensitive to sulfonamides or sulfites.

One case report linked extreme coconut water intake to severe low sodium in a newborn. For pregnancy, L-tryptophan safety data is conflicting (some sources say likely safe, others say possibly unsafe) — check with your doctor.

Threonine and histidine supplementation have not been well studied in pregnancy; lysine and taurine safety in pregnancy is not well studied either. For breastfeeding, L-tryptophan is likely safe, taurine is likely safe, and histidine is likely safe, but threonine and lysine have not been well studied.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Alpha-alanine Taurine Coconut Water Lysine Histidine Threonine L-tryptophan

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lysine, L-tryptophan, Taurine, Threonine, Coconut Water.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 675 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using EAA Raw Unflavored if you take CNS depressants like sleeping pills or sedatives (Major severity risk from L-tryptophan), NMDA antagonist medications (Major severity risk from L-threonine), serotonergic drugs such as antidepressants or migraine medications (Moderate severity from L-tryptophan), antihypertensive blood pressure drugs (Moderate severity from taurine and coconut water), lithium (Moderate severity from taurine), quinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin (Moderate severity from coconut water), or antidiabetes medications (Minor severity from coconut water and L-lysine with 5-HT4 agonists). No interactions are documented for the other amino acids we could check in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

EAA Raw Unflavored is an amino acid blend intended for protein support and muscle recovery. If you take any prescription medication — especially sedatives, antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, lithium, or certain neurological medications — check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before you start.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before adding this if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have kidney problems.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 13 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 21, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about EAA Raw Unflavored, straight from the product label.

Brand NutraBio
Barcode (UPC) 649908270209
Net contents 11.2 Ounce(s); 0.7 Pound(s); 317 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 21, 2025
DSLD ID 329370
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10.55 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
10.55 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
649908270209
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
L-Leucine3 Gram(s)--
L-Alanine600 mg--
L-Isoleucine1.5 Gram(s)--
L-Lysine Hydrochloride850 mg--
L-Valine1.5 Gram(s)--
L-Histidine Hydrochloride100 mg--
L-Threonine850 mg--
L-Tryptophan75 mg--
Taurine1200 mg--
DL-Phenylalanine300 mg--
AstraGin50 mg--
Branched Chain Amino Acids6 Gram(s)--
CocoPure500 mg--
Full Spectrum EAA-BCAA Matrix8.2 Gram(s)--
DL-Methionine25 mg--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

"No aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, xylitol or acesulfame K"

Vegetarian

Gluten free Non-GMO Lactose free

Full label disclosure Fully transparent

No proprietary blends

Build Hydrate Recover

No artificial flavor, color or sweetener

Processed in a facility and/or manufacturing line that also produces milk, tree nuts and nuts.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Mix 1 scoop with 10-16 ounces of water. Consume before, during or after exercise or sip throughout the day as a healthy energy drink substitute.

Precautions

Warnings: Keep out of reach of children. This product is not intended/recommended for children under 18 years of age.

Consult a physician before use if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition or are taking any medication.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Warning: Consuming this product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which are known to the state of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/food.

Contains: Tree nuts (coconut).

Phenylketonurics: Contains Phenylalanine.

Formula

CocoPure AstraGin

Full spectrum amino acid matrix 10 g Aminos 8 g EAAs 6 g BCAAs

OU (Kosher)

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraGin is a registered trademark of Nuliv Science. NutraBio since 1996

Seals/Symbols

Check. Verify. Trust. View Independent Lab Results checkmysupps.com Manufactured in our GMP & FDA Inspected Facility Made in USA with ingredients sourced worldwide

OU (Kosher)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Storage

This product is sold by weight not volume. Some settling of contents may have occurred. Serving scoop included. Store in a cool dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

EAA Raw Unflavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio

These are the 11 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10.55 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Alanine

No known
interactions
600 mg per serving

Alpha-alanine (usually called alanine) is a non-essential amino acid your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein foods. Most peop...

L-Alanine monograph & interactions

Taurine

Interacts with
173 drugs
1200 mg per serving

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...

Taurine monograph & interactions

AstraGin

50 mg per serving Form: Astragalus membranaceous, Panax notoginseng

CocoPure

Interacts with
279 drugs
500 mg per serving Form: Coconut Water, Powder

Coconut water is a natural drink rich in potassium and other electrolytes that many people use for hydration, especially around exercise. For most hea...

CocoPure monograph & interactions

Full Spectrum EAA-BCAA Matrix

8.2 Gram(s) per serving
Interaction report

EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against EAA Raw Unflavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
675Drugs
251 Major 338 Moderate 86 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

L-Tryptophan 394
CocoPure 279
Taurine 173
L-Threonine 3
L-Lysine Hydrochloride 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in EAA Raw Unflavored interact with 675 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 11 ingredients in EAA Raw Unflavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. L-Tryptophan CocoPure Taurine L-Threonine L-Lysine Hydrochloride

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in EAA Raw Unflavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

L-Tryptophan2 drug types · 394 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-tryptophan with CNS depressants might cause additive sedative effects.
Clinical research shows that L-tryptophan can cause fatigue and drowsiness.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, combining L-tryptophan with serotonergic drugs might cause additive serotonergic effects.
L-tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin. Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with L-tryptophan might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Tryptophan full monograph & interactions

CocoPure3 drug types · 279 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking coconut water with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Preliminary clinical research shows that drinking coconut water might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Many quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, may have reduced absorption when taken with calcium-containing products due to chelation. It is generally recommended to take quinolones at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after consuming oral products that contain calcium. The calcium content of coconut water varies by product but is generally between 100mg-300mg per 1,000mL. Consumption of a small amount of coconut water may be safe but it would be prudent to avoid drinking large amounts at the same time as a quinolone antibiotic. Reference: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019537s086lbl.pdf

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking coconut water with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that coconut water might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
CocoPure full monograph & interactions

Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Taurine full monograph & interactions

L-Threonine1 drug type · 3 drugs

Nmda Antagonists

Theoretically, threonine might decrease the effects of NMDA antagonists.
Threonine increases central nervous system (CNS) glycine levels. Glycine seems to bind a site on NMDA receptors and enhance the activity of the receptors.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
L-Threonine full monograph & interactions

L-Lysine Hydrochloride1 drug type · 1 drug

5-Ht4 Agonists

Theoretically, lysine may reduce the effects of 5-HT4 agonists.
Animal research suggests that L-lysine is a partial serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) antagonist and inhibits diarrhea induced by the 5-HT4 agonist, 5-hydroxytryptophane.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
L-Lysine Hydrochloride full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for EAA Raw Unflavored, from the product label.

NutraBio

See all NutraBio products
Name
NutraBio Labs, Inc.
Street Address
564 Lincoln Blvd.
City
Middlesex
State
NJ
ZipCode
08846
Phone Number
732-748-8606
Web Address
www.nutrabio.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio: Common Questions

Does EAA Raw Unflavored by NutraBio interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, EAA Raw Unflavored has a known interaction with 675 medications, including 251 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
EAA Raw Unflavored contains 11 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What are EAAs and BCAAs?
EAA stands for essential amino acids — nine amino acids your body can't make on its own and must get from food or supplements. BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) are three of those nine: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. This product contains all the EAAs plus some non-essential amino acids and other compounds.
Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant?
The safety data varies by ingredient and is incomplete. L-tryptophan's pregnancy safety is unclear in the data we hold; lysine, threonine, and histidine supplement safety in pregnancy is not well studied. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this while pregnant — they can advise you based on your full health picture.
Can this help with depression or anxiety?
L-tryptophan is the ingredient most relevant to mood, but evidence shows it's possibly ineffective for depression, and for anxiety the evidence is insufficient to say whether it works. This product is not a substitute for medical treatment of depression or anxiety.
What side effects might I notice?
The most common reported side effects from individual amino acids include diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, and nausea. L-tryptophan specifically can cause drowsiness. If you experience unusual symptoms, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
Why does the product contain coconut water (CocoPure)?
Coconut water is included as a source of electrolytes and minerals; the product facts don't specify additional claimed benefits beyond that.
Is this product tested for the contamination that happened with L-tryptophan in 1989?
The product facts don't detail testing or quality assurance practices. For safety information about this specific product, contact the manufacturer directly or speak with your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if EAA Raw Unflavored is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

EAA Raw Unflavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind EAA Raw Unflavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-alanine

Alpha-alanine (usually called alanine) is a non-essential amino acid your body can make on its own and that you also get from protein foods. Most people do not need a supplement, and strong...

Read the full Alpha-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coconut Water

Interacts with 279 drugs

Coconut water is a natural drink rich in potassium and other electrolytes that many people use for hydration, especially around exercise. For most healthy people it is a safe, tasty beverage...

Read the full Coconut Water monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lysine

Interacts with 1 drug

Lysine is an essential amino acid your body cannot make on its own, so it must come from food or supplements. People most often take extra lysine to try to prevent or shorten cold sores, but...

Read the full Lysine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Histidine

Histidine is an essential amino acid your body needs to build proteins and to make compounds like histamine and carnosine. Most people get enough from a normal diet, and good-quality researc...

Read the full Histidine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Threonine

Interacts with 3 drugs

Threonine is an essential amino acid your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and high-quality evidence for ta...

Read the full Threonine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-tryptophan

Interacts with 394 drugs

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid the body uses to make serotonin and melatonin, and people take it to support sleep and mood. The evidence for supplement use is limited and mixed, and...

Read the full L-tryptophan monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

EAA Raw Unflavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 60 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Alpha-alanine 2 references
  1. Amino acids — MedlinePlus (NIH) Source
  2. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Alpha-alanine monograph →

Lysine 7 references
  1. Thein DJ, Hurt WC. Lysine as a prophylactic agent in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:659-66. PubMed
  2. McCune MA, Perry HO, Muller SA, O'Fallon WM. Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride. Cutis 1984;34:366-73.
  3. DiGiovanna JJ, Blank H. Failure of lysine in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Treatment and prophylaxis. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:48-51. DOI
  4. Milman N, Scheibel J, Jessen O. Lysine prophylaxis in recurrent herpes simplex labialis: a double-blind, controlled crossover study. Acta Derm Venereol 1980;60:85-7.
  5. Griffith RS, Walsh DE, Myrmel KH, et al. Success of L-lysine therapy in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Treatment and prophylaxis. Dermatologica 1987;175:183-90. DOI
  6. Lo JC, Chertow GM, Rennke H, Seifter JL. Fanconi's syndrome and tubulointerstitial nephritis in association with L-lysine ingestion. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28:614-7. PubMed
  7. Smriga M, Torii K. L-Lysine acts like a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and inhibits serotonin-mediated intestinal pathologies and anxiety in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15370-5.

See these in context on the Lysine monograph →

Histidine 3 references
  1. Histidine — MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Source
  2. Amino Acids — MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Source
  3. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Histidine monograph →

Threonine 4 references
  1. Tandan R, Bromberg MB, Forshew D, et al. A controlled trial of amino acid therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: I. Clinical, functional, and maximum isometric torque data. Neurology 1996;47:1220-6. PubMed
  2. Lee A, Patterson V. A double blind study of L-threonine in patients with spinal spasticity. Acta Neurol Scand 1993;88:334-8. PubMed
  3. Blin O, Pouget J, Aubrespy G, et al. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of L-threonine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 1992;239:79-81.
  4. Roufs JB. L-threonine as a symptomatic treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Med Hypotheses 1991;34:20-3. PubMed

See these in context on the Threonine monograph →

L-tryptophan 18 references
  1. Messiha FS. Fluoxetine: adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993;31:603-30. PubMed
  2. Devoe LD, Castillo RA, Searle NS. Maternal dietary substrates and human fetal biophysical activity. The effects of tryptophan and glucose on fetal breathing movements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;155:135-9. DOI
  3. Lieberman HR, Corkin S, Spring BJ. The effects of dietary neurotransmitter precursors on human behavior. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:366-70. PubMed
  4. U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling, and Dietary Supplements. Information Paper on L-Tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, February 2001.
  5. Sullivan EA, Kamb ML, Jones JL, et al. The natural history of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in a tryptophan-exposed cohort in South Carolina. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:973-9. DOI
  6. Philen RM, Hill RH, Flanders WD, et al. Tryptophan contaminants associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:154-9. PubMed
  7. Bohme A, Wolter M, Hoelzer D. L-tryptophan-related eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome possibly associated with a chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 1998;77:235-8. PubMed
  8. Singhal AB, Caviness VS, Begleiter AF, et al. Cerebral vasoconstriction and stroke after use of serotonergic drugs. Neurology 2002;58:130-3. PubMed
  9. Priori R, Conti F, Luan FL, et al. Chronic fatigue: a peculiar evolution of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome following treatment with L-tryptophan in four Italian adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 1994;153:344-6..
  10. Klein R, Berg PA. A comparative study on antibodies to nucleoli and 5-hydroxytryptamine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Clin Investig 1994;72:541-9.. PubMed
  11. Simat TJ, Kleeberg KK, Muller B, Sierts A. Synthesis, formation, and occurrence of contaminants in biotechnologically manufactured L-tryptophan. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999;467:469-80.. PubMed
  12. Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(1):CD003198. PubMed
  13. Kilbourne EM, Philen RM, Kamb ML, Falk H. Tryptophan produced by Showa Denko and epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;46:81-8.
  14. Horwitz RI, Daniels SR. Bias or biology: evaluating the epidemiologic studies of L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;46:60-72.
  15. Shapiro S. Epidemiologic studies of the association of L-tryptophan with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: a critique. J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;46:44-58.
  16. Mayeno AN, Gleich GJ. The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: lessons from Germany. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:702-4. PubMed
  17. Carr L, Ruther E, Berg PA, Lehnert H. Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in Germany: an epidemiologic review. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:620-5. PubMed
  18. Ullrich SS, Fitzgerald PCE, Giesbertz P, Steinert RE, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of intragastric administration of tryptophan on the blood glucose response to a nutrient drink and energy intake, in lean and obese men. Nutrients 2018;10(4). pii: PubMed

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Taurine 21 references
  1. Ahmad S, Robertson HT, Golper TA, et al. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. II. Clinical and biochemical effects. Kidney Int 1990;38:912-8. PubMed
  2. Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
  3. Obermann M, Schorn CF, Mummel P, et al. Taurine induced toxic encephalopathy? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006;108:812-3. PubMed
  4. Bichler, A., Swenson, A., and Harris, M. A. A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006;31(4):471-476. PubMed
  5. Iyadurai, S. J. and Chung, S. S. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 2007;10(3):504-508. PubMed
  6. Berger, A. J. and Alford, K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 1-5-2009;190(1):41-43. PubMed
  7. Worthley, M. I., Prabhu, A., De, Sciscio P., Schultz, C., Sanders, P., and Willoughby, S. R. Detrimental effects of energy drink consumption on platelet and endothelial function. Am J Med 2010;123(2):184-187. PubMed
  8. Morchon, Simon D. and Perez Castrillon, J. L. [Hypoglycemia by intake of taurine]. Rev.Clin Esp. 2010;210(1):49.
  9. Livshits, Z., Hoffman, R. S., Hymes, K. B., and Nelson, L. S. If vitamins could kill: massive hemolysis following naturopathic vitamin infusion. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(3):224-226. PubMed
  10. Schoffl, I., Kothmann, J. F., Schoffl, V., Rupprecht, H. D., and Rupprecht, T. "Vodka energy": too much for the adolescent nephron? Pediatrics 2011;128(1):e227-e231. PubMed
  11. Calabro, R. S., Italiano, D., Gervasi, G., and Bramanti, P. Single tonic-clonic seizure after energy drink abuse. Epilepsy Behav 2012;23(3):384-385. PubMed
  12. Fujita, T., Ando, K., Noda, H., Ito, Y., and Sato, Y. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension. Circulation 1987;75(3):525-532. PubMed
  13. Darling, P. B., Lepage, G., Leroy, C., Masson, P., and Roy, C. C. Effect of taurine supplements on fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 1985;19(6):578-582. PubMed
  14. Fukuyama, Y. and Ochiai, Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4(1):63-69. PubMed
  15. Franconi, F., Bennardini, F., Mattana, A., Miceli, M., Ciuti, M., Mian, M., Gironi, A., Anichini, R., and Seghieri, G. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am.J. DOI
  16. Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
  17. Sun Q, Wang B, Li Y, Sun F, et al. Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2016 Mar;67(3):541-9. PubMed
  18. Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
  19. Guan L, Miao P. The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020;885:173533. PubMed
  20. Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
  21. Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed

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Coconut Water 5 references
  1. Alleyne T, Roache S, Thomas C, Shirley A. The control of hypertension by use of coconut water and mauby: two tropical food drinks. West Indian Med J 2005;54:3-8. PubMed
  2. Birkelund T, Johansen RF, Illum DG, et al. Fatal 3-nitropropionic acid poisoning after consuming coconut water. Emerg Infect Dis 2021;27(1):278-280. PubMed
  3. Alatawi KA, Alshubaily FA. Coconut products alleviate hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidimic and nephropathy indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(8):4224-4231. PubMed
  4. Dai Y, Peng L, Zhang X, et al. Effects of coconut water on blood sugar and retina of rats with diabetes. PeerJ. 2021;9:e10667. PubMed
  5. Soriano LP, Rollins MD, Barreto Chang OL. Case Report of Hyponatremic Seizures in a Term Neonate Attributed to Excessive Maternal Coconut Water Ingestion During Labor. A A Pract 2024;18(7):e01815. PubMed

See these in context on the Coconut Water monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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