Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GlycoJect Unflavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Evogen

GlycoJect Unflavored label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GlycoJect Unflavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

GlycoJect Unflavored is a dietary supplement by Evogen with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for blood sugar control, boosting breast milk supply, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 713 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cinnamon extract, Fenugreek extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “GlycoJet Rapid Absorbtion Proprietary Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (25,913 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

GlycoJect Unflavored contains 5 active ingredients. Citrulline malate and guanidinopropionic acid are compounds that may support muscle function and energy.

Fenugreek extract is a seed-based ingredient. Cinnamon extract comes from cassia cinnamon bark.

Karbolyn is a carbohydrate compound. The product also contains the GlycoJet Rapid Absorption Proprietary Complex, which blends additional components listed individually in the formula.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: performance enhancing endurance and muscle pump.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Muscle strength, exercise performance, muscle power output, workout recovery.
  • The closest evidence on file: Fenugreek is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Fenugreek is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle strength.

The evidence on effectiveness varies by ingredient and use. Fenugreek extract is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction and diabetes support.

Cinnamon extract's effectiveness for diabetes and other conditions is not established in the data we hold — the evidence is insufficient to rate it. For the other ingredients in this product, effectiveness data isn't available in our records.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Fenugreek Cassia Cinnamon

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Fenugreek is generally well tolerated in food amounts, but supplement doses carry risk. The most common side effects are abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, indigestion, gas, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and nausea.

Rare but serious allergic reactions — including severe swelling, breathing problems, and anaphylaxis — have been reported. Fenugreek should not be used at medicinal doses during pregnancy, as it may affect the uterus; however, it is rated possibly safe during breastfeeding, though evidence is limited and you should discuss it with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Cinnamon extract is generally well tolerated, though a rash has been reported rarely in trials, and severe allergic skin reactions (contact dermatitis) have occurred. Large doses of cinnamon over time may harm the liver because of its coumarin content — a concern if you're taking other medications that stress the liver.

Food amounts of cinnamon are likely safe in pregnancy, but supplement doses should be avoided.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Fenugreek Cassia Cinnamon

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fenugreek, Cassia Cinnamon.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 714 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking GlycoJect Unflavored, check your medications for blood thinners like warfarin and clopidogrel (moderate risk), diabetes medications (moderate risk), theophylline for breathing (moderate risk), blood pressure medications like metoprolol (moderate risk), seizure medications like phenytoin (moderate risk), and sildenafil (moderate risk). Also check if you're on any drugs that can harm the liver (moderate risk from cinnamon).

If you take any of these, clear it with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is suited for people looking to support muscle performance and blood sugar management who are not on blood thinners, diabetes medications, or other drugs that fenugreek and cinnamon are known to interact with. If you take any prescription medication — especially for blood clotting, blood sugar, seizures, breathing, or erectile dysfunction — talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist before you start.

The same applies if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have liver concerns.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 16, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GlycoJect Unflavored, straight from the product label.

Brand Evogen
Barcode (UPC) 817189020190
Net contents 2 Pound(s); 3.3 Ounce(s); 1000 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 16, 2022
DSLD ID 264891
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
26 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
26 Gram(s)
Servings per container
38
UPC/BARCODE
817189020190
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories100 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates25 Gram(s)8%
Citrulline Malate0 NP--
Fenugreek extract0 NP--
Guanidinopropionic Acid0 NP--
Cinnamon extract0 NP--
GlycoJet Rapid Absorbtion Proprietary Complex25913 mg--
Karbolyn0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Performance enhancing supercarb matrix Maximum Endurance Pump Transport

Introducing GlycoJect -Evogen Nutrition's elite pre/intra/post-workout carbohydrate loading solution. Designed to hyper-load muscles with growth and performance fueling glycogen while simultaneously forcing muscle-building nutrient into muscle cells, GlycoJect helps drive maximum replenishment and muscle cell expansion. Carbohydrates, the primary nutrient fuel source of working muscles, are depleted quickly during intense training. The hyper-volumizing, nutrient delivery complex in GlycoJect is specifically designed to accelerate the uptake of glycogen and muscle-building nutrients into muscle cells to enhance performance and fuel maximum growth and recovery.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Allergen warning: This product is manufactured in a plant that process milk, nuts, soy, wheat and eggs.

Warning: This product is only intended to be consumed by health adults 18 years of age or older. Keep out of reach of children.

Diabetics: consult with you physician before using this product.

Do not use this product if you are pregnant, expect to become pregnant, or are nursing. Do not use this product without consulting your physician if you are using any prescription or over the counter medications, or if you have any pre-existing medical condition.

Consult with your physician before using this or any other dietary supplement product. Immediately discontinue use and consult your physician if you experience any adverse medical reaction to this product.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Karbolyn is a registered trademark of All American Pharmaceuticals and Natural Foods Corp and is a US and International patent pending product. All rights reserved. GlycoJect is a registered trademark of Evogen Nutrition. All rights reserved.

General Statements

Nicknamed "The Pro Creator," Hany Rambod has been constructing championship-winning physiques for over 20 years while using his ground-breaking FST-7 training system. Rambod prides himself on bringing only quality innovations to his customers around the world. The formulations within the Evogen Nutrition supplement line are crucial to the success of any ultra-intense training program because of their effect on muscle growth, repair, and muscle volume.

Formula

GlycoJect contains a precisely engineered, patent-pending carbohydrate matrix designed to pass rapidly through the stomach into the bloodstream, where it is shuttled directly into muscle cells. In fact, it has been shown to absorb up to 80% faster than dextrose, waxy maize or other "Fast-absorbing" carbohydrate sources. The rapid transport of this unique polysaccharide acts like a pump, driving water and nutrients into the muscles. To further enhance its nutrient-driving capabilities, GlycJect contains a blend of key ingredients engineered to accelerate nutrient transport and volumization. GlycoJect combines these high-performance ingredients with the nitric oxide and ATP replenishing benefits of citrulline malate to create a potent, ultra-fast carbohydrate and nutrient shuttle "system". This super-loading effect of GlycoJect dramatically increases nutrient absorption into muscle cells, supercharging muscle size and pump, fueling greater growth and recovery.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Training days - Pre-workout: Mix 1-2 scoops of GlycoJect with 8-10oz. cold water about 30 minutes prior to physical activity to ensure maximum endurance, performance with volumization. Intra-workout: Mix 1-2 scoops of GlycoJect with 8-10oz. cold water. Consume during training to sustain intensity, muscle energy and to supercharge muscle size and pump. Post workout: Mix 1-3 scoops of GlycoJect with 8-10oz. cold water immediately following intense training to accelerate the uptake of glycogen and muscle building nutrients into muscle cells to fuel maximum growth and recovery. Non-training days For maximum gains, take 1 scoop fo GlycoJect with Cell K.E.M. 2-3 times per day. Best results: Athletes under 200 lbs. consume 1 scoop pre & intra-workout, 2 scoops post-workout; Athletes over 200 lbs. consume 2 scoops pre & intra-workout, 3 scoops post-workout.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

The Pro Creator Designed by Hany Rambod Seal of Quality & Potency

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GlycoJect Unflavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size26 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container38 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

GlycoJet Rapid Absorbtion Proprietary Complex

25913 mg per serving
Interaction report

GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GlycoJect Unflavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
713Drugs
563 Moderate 150 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Cinnamon extract 442
Fenugreek extract 389

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GlycoJect Unflavored interact with 713 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in GlycoJect Unflavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cinnamon extract Fenugreek extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GlycoJect Unflavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Cinnamon extract2 drug types · 442 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cassia cinnamon may have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Cassia cinnamon may lower blood glucose levels, and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is some concern that ingesting large amounts of cassia cinnamon for an extended duration might cause hepatotoxicity in some people. Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can cause hepatotoxicity in animal models. In humans, very high doses of coumarin from 50-7000 mg/day can result in hepatotoxicity that resolves when coumarin use is discontinued. Lower amounts might also cause liver problems in sensitive people, such as those with liver disease or those taking potentially hepatotoxic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cinnamon extract full monograph & interactions

Fenugreek extract9 drug types · 389 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels .

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that fenugreek seed can reduce fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metoprolol (Toprol)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
Some fenugreek constituents have antiplatelet effects, although these might not be present in concentrations that are clinically significant. In one case report, a patient taking warfarin experienced an increased INR when starting to take fenugreek in combination with boldo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Fenugreek may also have an additive effect on blood pressure-lowering medications. Studies on animals have shown that fenugreek seed can decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by up to 22% when combined with metoprolol. Therefore, it is essential to monitor your blood pressure regularly if you are taking fenugreek and metoprolol together or any other antihypertensive drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Fenugreek extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GlycoJect Unflavored, from the product label.

Evogen

See all Evogen products
Name
Evogen Nutrition
Street Address
271 E. Hacienda Ave.
City
Campbell
State
CA
ZipCode
95008
Phone Number
1.408.364.1650
Web Address
www.EvogenNutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen: Common Questions

Does GlycoJect Unflavored by Evogen interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GlycoJect Unflavored has a known interaction with 713 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GlycoJect Unflavored contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Fenugreek in this product should not be used at medicinal doses during pregnancy — it may affect the uterus. Cinnamon at food amounts is likely safe, but supplement doses should be avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Fenugreek is rated possibly safe during lactation and is often used to boost milk supply, but evidence is limited. Discuss it with your doctor or pharmacist first to decide if it's appropriate for you.
What are the most common side effects of fenugreek?
The most common side effects are abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, indigestion, gas, low blood sugar, and nausea. Rare but serious allergic reactions — including severe swelling, breathing problems, and anaphylaxis — have been reported.
Is this product safe for the liver?
Cinnamon extract contains coumarin, which can harm the liver if taken in large doses over long periods — especially if you're also on medications that stress the liver. At the dose in this product, liver enzyme changes were not seen in trials, but discuss liver concerns with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Will this lower my blood sugar?
Fenugreek has been shown to lower fasting blood glucose levels. If you take diabetes medications, the combination could lower your blood sugar too much. Your doctor or pharmacist may need to adjust your medication dose.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if GlycoJect Unflavored is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GlycoJect Unflavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GlycoJect Unflavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Fenugreek

Interacts with 389 drugs

Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. Some early research is encouraging for blo...

Read the full Fenugreek monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cassia Cinnamon

Interacts with 442 drugs

Cassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar support. The evidence for its health benefits is mixed a...

Read the full Cassia Cinnamon monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GlycoJect Unflavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 50 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Fenugreek 30 references
  1. Madar Z, Thorne R. Dietary fiber. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1987;11:153-74.
  2. Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:301-6.
  3. Patil SP, Niphadkar PV, Bapat MM. Allergy to fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:297-300. PubMed
  4. Lambert J, Cormier J. Potential interaction between warfarin and boldo-fenugreek. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:509-12. PubMed
  5. Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty PubMed
  6. Yalcin SS, Tekinalp G, Ozalp I. Peculiar odor of traditional food and maple syrup urine disease. Pediatr Int 1999;41:108-9. PubMed
  7. Sewell AC, Mosandl A, Bohles H. False diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease owing to ingestion of herbal tea. N Engl J Med 1999;341:769.. PubMed
  8. Abdo MS, al-Kafawi AA. Experimental studies on the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (abstract). Planta Med 1969;17:14-8.
  9. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001;49:1057-61.
  10. Gabay MP. Galactogogues: medications that induce lactation. J Hum Lact 2002;18:274-9. PubMed
  11. Chevassus H, Gaillard JB, Farret A, et al. A fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat intake in overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(5):449-55. PubMed
  12. Turkyilmaz C, Onal E, Hirfanoglu IM, et al. The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17(2):139-42. PubMed
  13. Swafford S, Berens P. Effect of fenugreek on breast milk volume. Abstract presented at: 5th International Meeting of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine; September 11-13,2000, Tucson, Arizona.
  14. Abdel-Barry, J. A., Abdel-Hassan, I. A., Jawad, A. M., and al Hakiem, M. H. Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum in healthy volunteers. East Mediterr.Health J 2000;6(1):83-88. DOI
  15. Parvizpur, A., Ahmadiani, A., and Kamalinejad, M. Probable role of spinal purinoceptors in the analgesic effect of Trigonella foenum (TFG) leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):108-112. PubMed
  16. Mora, A., Herrrera, A., Lopez, C., Dahbi, G., Mamani, R., Pita, J. M., Alonso, M. P., Llovo, J., Bernardez, M. I., Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., and Blanco, J. Characteristics of the Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 German ou
  17. Blanco, J. [Stx2a-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4-ST678. Microbiological diagnostic already, for this and other STEC/VTEC serotypes!]. Enferm.Infecc.Microbiol.Clin. 2012;30(2):84-89.
  18. Beutin, L. and Martin, A. Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 infection in Germany causes a paradigm shift with regard to human pathogenicity of STEC strains. J Food Prot. 2012;75(2):408-418. PubMed
  19. King LA, Nogareda F, Weill FX, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Loukiadis E, Gault G, Jourdan-DaSilva N, Bingen E, Macé M, Thevenot D, Ong N, Castor C, Noël H, Van Cauteren D, Charron M, Vaillant V, Aldabe B, Goulet V, Delmas G, Couturier E, Le Strat Y, Combe C, Delm
  20. Reeder C, Legrand A, O'Connor-Von SK. The Effect of Fenugreek on Milk Production and Prolactin Levels in Mothers of Preterm Infants. Clinical Lactation 2013;4(4):159-165. DOI
  21. Al-Jenoobi FI, Ahad A, Mahrous GM, Al-Mohizea AM, AlKharfy KM, Al-Suwayeh SA. Effects of fenugreek, garden cress, and black seed on theophylline pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Pharm Biol 2015;53(2):296-300. PubMed
  22. Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a doubl
  23. Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and mineral formulation. Phytother Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):1294-300.
  24. Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Hu M, Lu F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:260-268. PubMed
  25. Ouzir M, El Bairi K, Amzazi S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Oct;96:145-54. PubMed
  26. Khodamoradi K, Khosropanah MH, Ayati Z, et al. The Effects of Fenugreek on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102416. PubMed
  27. Alkharfy K, Jan B, Alotaibi K, et al. Clopidogrel-herb Interactions: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment in a Rat Model. Curr Drug Metab 2021;22(12):969-977. PubMed
  28. Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effects of garden cress, fenugreek and black seed on the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol: an herb-drug interaction study in rats with hypertension. Pharm Biol 2021;59(1):1088-1097. PubMed
  29. Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, El-Maghraby GM, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa, Lepidium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum on sildenafil disposition in beagle dogs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2015;40(2):219-24. PubMed
  30. Alkharfy KM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM, et al. Effects of Lepidium sativum, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graceum on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Phytother Res. 2013;27(12):1800-4.

See these in context on the Fenugreek monograph →

Cassia Cinnamon 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan M, et al. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:3215-8. PubMed
  3. De Benito V, Alzaga R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from cassia (Chinese cinnamon) as a flavouring agent in coffee. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40:165. PubMed
  4. Drake TE, Maibach HI. Allergic contact dermatitis and stomatitis caused by a cinnamic aldehyde-flavored toothpaste. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:202-3.
  5. Press release. Cinnamon capsules to reduce blood sugar are medicinal products! Efficacy has not been scientifically proven - some products contain high levels of coumarin. Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfM), Germany, November 11, 2006. Available a
  6. Felter SP, Vassallo JD, Carlton BD, Daston GP. A safety assessment of coumarin taking into account species-specificity of toxicokinetics. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:462-75. PubMed
  7. Crawford P. Effectiveness of cinnamon for lowering hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:507-12. PubMed
  8. Akilen, R., Tsiami, A., Devendra, D., and Robinson, N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet.Med. 2010; PubMed
  9. Lu T, Sheng H Wu J Cheng Y Zhu J Chen Y. Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res. 2012;32(6):408-412. PubMed
  10. Choi, J., Lee, K. T., Ka, H., Jung, W. T., Jung, H. J., and Park, H. J. Constituents of the essential oil of the Cinnamomum cassia stem bark and the biological properties. Arch Pharm Res 2001;24(5):418-423.
  11. Altschuler JA, Casella SJ, MacKenzie TA, Curtis KM. The effect of cinnamon on A1C among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(4):813-6. PubMed
  12. Stoecker BR, Zhan Z, Luo R, et al. Cinnamon extract lowers blood glucose in hyperglycemic subjects. FASEB J. 2010;22:722.1 (Abstract only). DOI
  13. Admani S, Hill H, Jacob SE. Cinnamon Sugar Scrub Dermatitis: "Natural" Is Not Always Best. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):e42-e43. PubMed
  14. Isaac-Renton M, Li MK, Parsons LM. Cinnamon spice and everything not nice: many features of intraoral allergy to cinnamic aldehyde. Dermatitis. 2015;26(3):116-21. PubMed
  15. Vandersall A, Katta R. Eyelid dermatitis as a manifestation of systemic contact dermatitis to cinnamon. Dermatitis. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):189. PubMed
  16. Wickenberg J, Lindstedt S, Nilsson J, Hlebowicz J. Cassia cinnamon does not change the insulin sensitivity or the liver enzymes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr J 2014 Sep 24;13:96. PubMed
  17. Brancheau D, Patel B, Zughaib M. Do cinnamon supplements cause acute hepatitis? Am J Case Rep 2015;16:250-4. PubMed
  18. Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P, Heydarpour F, Izadi F, Jalili C. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021;58:102699. PubMed
  19. Bernaola J, Valverde-Monge M, Otal-Buesa M, Cullen D, Heras-Mendaza F. Cinnamon allergic contact cheilitis. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(5):418-419. PubMed
  20. Patel K, Howard M, Tate B. Cheilitis caused by allergic contact dermatitis to cinnamon in chai tea: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(3):239-240. PubMed

See these in context on the Cassia Cinnamon monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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