Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Insane Labz

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade is a dietary supplement by Insane Labz with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,167 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Beet Root Extract, Russian Tarragon Herb Extract, Agmatine Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Insane Veinz Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,290 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This powder contains 6 active ingredients. Sodium is an electrolyte essential in small amounts but a concern at high doses — this product supplies it as a mineral.

Betaine anhydrous is an amino acid compound studied mainly for a rare metabolic disorder called homocystinuria. Agmatine sulfate is a naturally occurring compound derived from the amino acid arginine.

Beet root extract comes from the beetroot plant and is used for athletic performance and muscle recovery. Russian tarragon herb extract is made from the tarragon plant.

The product also lists chloride and an "Insane Veinz Blend" whose individual components aren't specified on the label. Inactive ingredients include citric acid, natural and artificial flavoring, silica, sucralose, calcium silicate, and FD&C Red #40 (a food dye).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: exercise performance and muscle support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle strength, Endurance, Vasodilation — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle strength, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

The evidence for this product's purpose is mixed and mostly limited. Sodium is rated Likely Effective for cystic fibrosis and Possibly Effective for kidney damage caused by the antibiotic amphotericin B, but has Insufficient Reliable Evidence for bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure.

Betaine anhydrous is rated Effective for homocystinuria (a rare genetic disorder) and Possibly Effective for high homocysteine levels, but Insufficient Reliable Evidence for fatty liver disease, colorectal health, depression, or reflux. Agmatine sulfate has Insufficient Reliable Evidence for every condition listed in the data — alcohol use disorder, Alzheimer disease, anxiety, athletic performance, autism, and bipolar disorder.

Beet root extract is Possibly Effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, but Possibly Ineffective for COPD and Insufficient Reliable Evidence for cholesterol and brain function. Russian tarragon has Insufficient Reliable Evidence for nausea after surgery.

Overall, the evidence for this product as marketed is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Agmatine Beet Tarragon

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are generally well tolerated in typical amounts, with some cautions. Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary levels but high intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney damage — avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Betaine anhydrous commonly causes body odor, nausea, diarrhea, and GI upset; rare serious effects include brain swelling. Agmatine sulfate appears well tolerated short-term, though long-term human safety is not well studied; common effects include diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea.

Beet root extract is generally well tolerated and causes mainly red or black stools (harmless coloring); rare serious effects from large amounts include low blood calcium and kidney damage. Russian tarragon is lacking thorough safety evaluation; there's theoretical concern about long-term estragole (a natural component) raising cancer risk in animals, though this hasn't been shown in humans.

For pregnancy: sodium is rated Likely Safe but Possibly Unsafe (conflicting data); agmatine and tarragon are rated Possibly Unsafe to Likely Unsafe and should be avoided. Betaine anhydrous and beet extract have no pregnancy data on file.

For breastfeeding: agmatine and tarragon data advise against use; betaine anhydrous safety is not well established; sodium and beet extract have no breastfeeding data on file. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your individual situation before using this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Agmatine Beet Tarragon

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Tarragon, Sodium, Agmatine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,168 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take any of these: lithium (psychiatric medication — sodium can change its levels dangerously); antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications — sodium and agmatine may reduce effectiveness or lower pressure too much); antidiabetes drugs (blood sugar medications — agmatine may lower blood sugar too far); anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, or heparin (blood thinners — tarragon may increase bleeding risk); CNS depressants like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antihistamines, or tricyclic antidepressants (tarragon may increase sedation); monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOIs (antidepressants — tarragon may increase their effects); corticosteroids; didanosine; sodium phosphates; or tolvaptan. No interactions are documented in our data for chloride.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines ingredients with a mix of weak to unknown effectiveness for general health and performance. If you take lithium, blood pressure medications, blood sugar drugs, blood thinners, sedating drugs, or certain antidepressants, you'll need to discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — the sodium and herbal components carry documented interactions.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Check with your doctor or pharmacist first, as several ingredients lack safety data or are rated possibly unsafe in these settings.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade, straight from the product label.

Brand Insane Labz
Barcode (UPC) 051497274702
Net contents 7.7 Ounce(s); 218 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2023
DSLD ID 298664
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4.3 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4.3 Gram(s)
Servings per container
35
UPC/BARCODE
051497274702
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium100 mg4%
Betaine Anhydrous0 NP--
Agmatine Sulfate1250 mg--
Chloride100 mg3%
Beet Root Extract0 NP--
Insane Veinz Blend2290 mg--
Russian Tarragon Herb Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural and Artificial flavoring, Silica, Sucralose, Calcium Silicate, FD&C Red #40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for use: As a dietary supplement for adults, mix 1 scoop in 8-1 oz. of water and consume 30 minutes before activity/workout. Do not exceed 2 scoops within a 24 hour period. Advanced athletes should mix 2 scoops in 10-12 oz of water and consume 30 minutes before workout.

Precautions

Warning: Do not take Insane Veinz in excess of its recommended dosage.

Insane Veinz is not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.

Consult your physician prior to use if you have a medical condition, including but not limited to, heart, liver, kidney, or thyroid disease, psychiatric or epileptic disorders, difficulty urinating, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, recurrent headaches, enlarged prostate or glaucoma. If you are a competitive athlete and/or or subject to drug testing, consult with your sanctioning body prior to use to ensure compliance. Discontinue use immediately if you experience any adverse reactions.

Keep out of reach of children

Seals/Symbols

Made in the USA Certified cGMP

General Statements

Summer series

Approved by mad chemist

Formula

Strawberry Lemonade Natural & artificial flavoring

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4.3 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container35 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Sodium Chloride

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Chloride

100 mg per serving Form: Sodium Chloride

Insane Veinz Blend

2290 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural and Artificial flavoring, Silica, Sucralose, Calcium Silicate, FD&C Red #40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,167Drugs
1,127 Moderate 40 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Beet Root Extract3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Russian Tarragon Herb Extract3 drug types · 359 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion. Theoretically, tarragon might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg. Theoretically, concomitant use of tarragon with CNS depressants, including antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants, may increase sedative and other adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

In vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B enzymes. Theoretically, concomitant use with MAOIs might increase the effects and adverse effects associated with MAOIs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Agmatine Sulfate2 drug types · 258 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that agmatine has mild hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that agmatine can modestly decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade, from the product label.

Insane Labz

See all Insane Labz products
Name
Insane Labz
Street Address
675 East Highway 43
City
Harrison
State
AR
ZipCode
72601
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz: Common Questions

Does Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade by Insane Labz interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade has a known interaction with 1,167 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product actually help with athletic performance?
Beet root extract in this product is rated Possibly Effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness based on available evidence. The other active ingredients don't have established evidence for athletic benefit in the data we hold.
Will this cause the red or dark urine and stools I've read about?
Red or black coloring of urine and stools is a common, harmless effect of beet supplementation. It's not a sign of bleeding — just the natural pigment from the beet passing through your system.
Is betaine anhydrous safe to use?
Betaine anhydrous is generally well tolerated but commonly causes body odor, nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. There is not enough reliable safety data on long-term use, so it's best to check with your healthcare provider before use.
Can I use this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding is limited or conflicting for most ingredients. Agmatine and tarragon are rated possibly unsafe to likely unsafe during both. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you in your situation.
What is Russian tarragon herb extract supposed to do?
Tarragon has been studied for postoperative nausea and vomiting, but the evidence isn't strong enough to rate it as effective. In this product, its role isn't specified.
How much sodium does this product contain?
The facts provided don't list the exact amount of sodium per serving, so you'd need to check the nutrition label on the package or contact the manufacturer directly.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Insane Veinz Strawberry Lemonade's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 75 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Betaine Anhydrous 11 references
  1. Cystadane (betaine anhydrous for oral solution) Package insert. Orphan Medical, Inc. Minnetonka, MN. November 2005.
  2. Abdelmalek MF, Angulo P, Jorgensen RA, et al. Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2711-7.. PubMed
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Agmatine 3 references
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See these in context on the Agmatine monograph →

Beet 14 references
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Tarragon 9 references
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  2. Yazdanparast, R. and Shahriyary, L. Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vascul.Pharmacol 2008;48(1):32-37. PubMed
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  7. Kaledin, V. I., Pakharukova, M. Y., Pivovarova, E. N., Kropachev, K. Y., Baginskaya, N. V., Vasilieva, E. D., Ilnitskaya, S. I., Nikitenko, E. V., Kobzev, V. F., and Merkulova, T. I. Correlation between hepatocarcinogenic effect of estragole and its infl
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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