Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Insane Veinz Unflavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Insane Labz

Insane Veinz Unflavored label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Insane Veinz Unflavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Insane Veinz Unflavored is a dietary supplement by Insane Labz with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,167 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Beet Root Extract, Russian Tarragon Herb Extract, Agmatine Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Insane Veinz Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,290 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Insane Veinz Unflavored contains 6 active ingredients: sodium, betaine anhydrous, agmatine sulfate, chloride, beet root extract, and Russian tarragon herb extract. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps balance fluid and nerve function, though excess amounts can strain the heart and raise blood pressure.

Betaine anhydrous is an amino acid metabolite studied for homocystinuria and high homocysteine levels. Agmatine sulfate is a compound derived from the amino acid arginine, researched for various neurological and metabolic uses.

Chloride is another essential electrolyte. Beet root extract provides nitrates and pigments like betanin, studied for athletic performance and exercise recovery.

Russian tarragon herb extract has been used traditionally for digestive and nausea-related purposes. The product also contains inactive ingredients — silica and calcium silicate — which are fillers and flow agents.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle pumps and vascularity for exercise performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle strength, Blood flow, Nitric oxide — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle strength, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for reducing amphotericin B kidney damage. Betaine anhydrous is effective for homocystinuria and possibly effective for high homocysteine levels; evidence is insufficient for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, colorectal adenoma, depression, and acid reflux.

Agmatine sulfate has insufficient evidence across all studied uses — alcohol use disorder, Alzheimer disease, anxiety, athletic performance, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder. Beet root extract is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, but possibly ineffective for chronic lung disease; evidence is insufficient for cholesterol and cognitive function.

Russian tarragon herb extract has insufficient evidence for postoperative nausea and vomiting. The data we hold does not establish effectiveness for general vein or circulatory health.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Agmatine Beet Tarragon

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts up to the recommended limit of 2.3 grams daily, but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. The facts advise avoiding sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Betaine anhydrous is generally well tolerated in studied doses but may cause body odor, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and GI distress; long-term safety data is limited. Agmatine sulfate appears well tolerated short-term in small studies but long-term human safety is not well established; in clinical trials, a few participants reported diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea within 2–3 days that resolved when they stopped.

Beet root extract is generally well tolerated and widely eaten as food, though concentrated supplements lack safety data; common effects include red or black stools (not harmful), and rare serious effects include low blood calcium and kidney damage at very high doses. Russian tarragon herb extract has no reported adverse effects, but long-term safety has not been thoroughly evaluated, and there is theoretical concern about estragole (a tarragon compound) and cancer risk based on animal studies only.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Agmatine Beet Tarragon

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Tarragon, Sodium, Agmatine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,168 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take lithium (a mood stabilizer), blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, blood thinners or antiplatelet agents like aspirin or clopidogrel, benzodiazepines or other sedating drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs — older antidepressants), corticosteroids, the HIV drug didanosine, or any sodium-containing medications. The interaction with lithium is particularly important because sodium intake directly affects lithium levels in your blood.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a multi-ingredient electrolyte and herbal blend that may appeal to those interested in exercise support or electrolyte balance, but the sodium content and multiple drug interactions make it important to review with your doctor or pharmacist first — especially if you take blood pressure medication, lithium, diabetes drugs, blood thinners, sedatives, or older antidepressants. People with high blood pressure, kidney disease, or heart conditions should be cautious.

Start by checking your medications against the interaction tool on this page, then talk it over with your own healthcare provider before you begin.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Insane Veinz Unflavored, straight from the product label.

Brand Insane Labz
Barcode (UPC) 040232246111
Net contents 3.5 Ounce(s); 98 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2023
DSLD ID 298665
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
5.6 Gram(s)
Servings per container
35
UPC/BARCODE
040232246111
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium200 mg8%
Betaine Anhydrous0 NP--
Agmatine Sulfate1250 mg--
Chloride200 mg6%
Beet Root Extract0 NP--
Insane Veinz Blend2290 mg--
Russian Tarragon Herb Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Silica, Calcium Silicate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for use: As a dietary supplement for adults, mix 1 scoop in 8-10 oz. of water and consume 30 minutes before activity/workout. Do not exceed 2 scoops within a 24 hour period. Advanced athletes should mix 2 scoops in 10-12 oz. of water and consume 30 minutes before workout.

Precautions

Do not exceed 2 scoops within a 24 hour period. Warning: Do not take Insane Veinz in excess of its recommended dosage.

Insane Veinz is not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.

Consult your physician prior to use if you have a medical condition, including but not limited to, heart, liver, kidney, or thyroid disease, psychiatric or epileptic disorders, difficulty urinating, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, recurrent headaches, enlarged prostate or glaucoma. If you are a competitive athlete and/or subject to drug testing, consult with your sanctioning body prior to use to ensure compliance. Discontinue use immediately if you experience any adverse reaction.

Keep out of reach of children

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Made in the USA Certified cGMP

Formulation

Pumps Vascularity Beast Game Changing Vascularity Powerhouse

Non stim

Formula

Unflavored Natural & Artificial Flavoring

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Approved By Mad Chemist

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Insane Veinz Unflavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container35 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
200 mg per serving Form: Sodium Chloride

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Chloride

200 mg per serving Form: Sodium Chloride

Insane Veinz Blend

2290 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Silica, Calcium Silicate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Insane Veinz Unflavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,167Drugs
1,127 Moderate 40 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Beet Root Extract 861
Russian Tarragon Herb Extract 359
Agmatine Sulfate 258
Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Insane Veinz Unflavored interact with 1,167 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 6 ingredients in Insane Veinz Unflavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Beet Root Extract Russian Tarragon Herb Extract Agmatine Sulfate Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Insane Veinz Unflavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Beet Root Extract3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beet Root Extract full monograph & interactions

Russian Tarragon Herb Extract3 drug types · 359 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Evidence from in vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion. Theoretically, tarragon might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Evidence from animal research suggests that tarragon essential oil can cause sedation and motor impairment when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL/kg. Theoretically, concomitant use of tarragon with CNS depressants, including antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants, may increase sedative and other adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

In vitro research suggests that tarragon extract inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B enzymes. Theoretically, concomitant use with MAOIs might increase the effects and adverse effects associated with MAOIs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Russian Tarragon Herb Extract full monograph & interactions

Agmatine Sulfate2 drug types · 258 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that agmatine has mild hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, agmatine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that agmatine can modestly decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Agmatine Sulfate full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Insane Veinz Unflavored, from the product label.

Insane Labz

See all Insane Labz products
Name
Insane Labz
Street Address
675 East Highway 43
City
Harrison
State
AR
ZipCode
72601
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz: Common Questions

Does Insane Veinz Unflavored by Insane Labz interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Insane Veinz Unflavored has a known interaction with 1,167 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Insane Veinz Unflavored contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have sodium? How much?
Yes — sodium is a main ingredient, but the product facts don't specify the amount per serving. Check the nutrition label on your package or contact the manufacturer for the exact dose. This is important if you have high blood pressure or need to limit sodium.
Is it safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Sodium is rated likely safe in pregnancy and possibly unsafe while breastfeeding. Agmatine sulfate and Russian tarragon are rated unsafe or likely unsafe for both pregnancy and lactation — there isn't enough data to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before taking this product if you are pregnant or nursing.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first — sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure drugs work, and agmatine sulfate may lower your blood pressure further. Your doctor or pharmacist needs to see what you're taking and adjust your plan accordingly.
What are the most common side effects?
Betaine anhydrous may cause body odor, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Agmatine sulfate can cause diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea in a small number of users. Beet root extract often causes red or black stools, which is harmless. If side effects persist or worsen, stop and talk with a healthcare provider.
Does this work for circulation or vein health?
The data we hold does not establish that this blend is effective for circulation or general vein health. Beet root extract is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, but that's the closest the evidence comes to vascular benefit.
Is betaine anhydrous safe long-term?
Betaine anhydrous is generally well tolerated in the doses studied, but long-term safety in humans has not been thoroughly established. If you plan to use this product regularly, check with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Insane Veinz Unflavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Insane Veinz Unflavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Betaine Anhydrous

Betaine anhydrous (also called trimethylglycine) is a compound found in foods like beets, spinach, and whole grains, and is sold as a supplement and as a prescription medicine for a rare gen...

Read the full Betaine Anhydrous monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Agmatine

Interacts with 258 drugs

Agmatine is a compound your body makes from the amino acid arginine, and it is sold mainly as a workout and 'pump' supplement. Human evidence for most of its claimed benefits is limited and...

Read the full Agmatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tarragon

Interacts with 359 drugs

Tarragon is a flavorful culinary herb that has been used in traditional medicine for digestion, sleep, and other complaints, but solid human evidence for any health benefit is lacking. Amoun...

Read the full Tarragon monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Insane Veinz Unflavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 75 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
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Betaine Anhydrous 11 references
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Agmatine 3 references
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See these in context on the Agmatine monograph →

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
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See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Tarragon 9 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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