Maximum Vitality By Rejuvenation Science Overview & Drug Interactions

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in several bodily processes. It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for healthy bones and teeth. It is also important for immune system function and may help to protect against certain diseases. Vitamin D is found in a variety of foods, including fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified foods such as milk and cereal. It is also produced by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D supplements are available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquids. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D varies depending on age, sex, and other factors, and it is important to follow the dosage recommendations provided by a healthcare professional. There are several different forms of vitamin D available, with the two most popular being ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found naturally in a variety of foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin E is also available as a dietary supplement and is often added to skincare products. Vitamin E has many roles in the body, including protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting immune function.

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, and fortified grains. It plays a variety of roles in the body, including in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also necessary for the production of energy in the body and in the synthesis of different hormones. Niacin deficiency is rare in developed countries, however, supplementation has been shown to have several positive benefits. For example, it can reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy (i.e., nerve pain) and has been shown effective for treating some types of high cholesterol (extended-release niacin is used as a prescription drug in the United States for this purpose). There is a multitude of niacin forms available as dietary supplements, including NADH, niacinamide, and nicotinamide riboside, all with different properties.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for several bodily functions. It plays a pivotal role in the formation of red blood cells, aiding in the prevention of anemia. Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system and proper brain function, as it is involved in the synthesis of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. This vitamin is primarily found in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs, making it important for vegetarians and vegans to consider supplementation. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to neurological issues, fatigue, and cognitive impairment.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H or vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various metabolic processes in the body. It is necessary for the growth and maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and nails, and is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids. Biotin is considered to be generally safe when consumed in the recommended daily amounts but it is important to note that consuming large amounts of biotin-containing supplements or products can cause falsely high or falsely low test results for certain laboratory tests, such as those for thyroid function, hormone levels, and certain biomarkers for certain diseases.

Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.

Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.

Iodine is a mineral that is crucial for our body's ability to produce thyroid hormone, which helps control our growth, metabolism, and energy levels. A lack of iodine in the diet is a common problem around the world and can lead to intellectual development issues. Adding iodine to salt (i.e., iodized salt) has helped reduce this problem. Iodine is commonly utilized as a dietary supplement, both in multivitamin preparations and as a standalone ingredient as it is purported to have overall health and wellness benefits, not just in those who are deficient. One such standalone iodine product is 'Iodoral'. Studies have shown iodine supplementation may help improve cognitive function and boost energy levels but more research is needed. It is recommended that you should be under medical supervision if you plan on taking iodine as there may be a risk of certain side effects with high dosages.

Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the body. It plays a role in many important physiological processes, including the contraction and relaxation of muscles, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the regulation of blood pressure. Magnesium is found in a variety of foods, including leafy green vegetables, nuts, and grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. There are several different forms of magnesium that are available as supplements, all of which can be used to prevent deficiency. Additionally, magnesium is purported to have several different health benefits, such as improving sleep, reducing muscle cramps, reducing anxiety, and preventing or treating migraines. Although magnesium is essential for health, magnesium-containing foods and supplements can interact with some prescription medications if used at the same time.

Zinc is a mineral that is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is involved in many important physiological processes, including immune system function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Zinc is found in a variety of foods, including meat, seafood, and whole grains, and it is also available as a dietary supplement. Zinc supplements may be used to treat or prevent zinc deficiency, which can occur due to certain medical conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, alcohol abuse, and certain medications. Zinc supplements may also be used for other purposes, such as to boost the immune system, improve acne, and reduce the severity and duration of colds. There are several different forms of zinc supplements available, including zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, and zinc sulfate. The most common form of zinc supplements is zinc gluconate, which is well absorbed and is less likely to cause stomach-related side effects than other forms of zinc.

Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in the human body. It is often included in dietary supplements due to its antioxidant properties and its contribution to maintaining a healthy immune system. Selenium is important for thyroid function and may also have a role in protecting against certain chronic diseases. However, it's essential to note that excessive selenium intake can be harmful, so it's crucial to adhere to recommended daily allowances and consult with a healthcare professional before taking selenium supplements.

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological processes within the human body. It is required for proper brain function, bone formation, enzyme activation, and wound healing. Manganese also contributes to metabolism, antioxidant defense, and the formation of connective tissues.

Chromium is a trace mineral that is found in small amounts in the human body. It is believed to play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is used as a dietary supplement for its purported ability to help with weight loss and blood sugar control. There is some evidence to suggest that chromium supplements may help to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes, although the results of studies on this topic have been mixed. Some studies have found that chromium supplements can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels in those with poorly controlled diabetes, while others have found no significant effects.

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is derived from the amino acid cysteine. It is used as a prescription medication to treat acetaminophen overdose and to help thin mucus in people with certain respiratory conditions. It is also used as a dietary supplement. NAC has a number of potential health benefits. It is a source of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, which is important for protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting immune function. It also may have anti-inflammatory effects and studies show it may support healthy brain function. It is generally considered safe to take NAC supplements in recommended doses.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound that is made by the body and is also found in some foods, such as spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. It plays a role in energy production in the body and acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. ALA has been studied for its potential health benefits, including the treatment of certain types of nerve damage, diabetes, and liver disease.

Green tea is a type of tea that is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. It is native to Asia and is widely consumed throughout the world. Green tea has a mild, slightly grassy flavor and is typically lighter in color and less astringent than black tea. Green tea is a rich source of antioxidants, particularly a group of compounds called catechins. These antioxidants are thought to help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Green tea is also a good source of other nutrients, including vitamin C and several B vitamins. Green tea is often consumed for a number of purported health benefits including reducing the risk of heart disease, immune-stimulating effects, and weight loss. Oral green tea supplements, containing dried powder, are most often utilized for the caffeine content and used as an appetite suppressant for weight loss.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found naturally in a variety of foods, including vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables. Vitamin E is also available as a dietary supplement and is often added to skincare products. Vitamin E has many roles in the body, including protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting immune function.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant belonging to the aster family (Asteraceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely cultivated in many parts of the world. The plant is known for its milk-white veins on the leaves, which gives it its name. Milk thistle has a long history of use in traditional medicine, and is extremely popular as a dietary supplement, making it one of the most well-known plants in the world. It is purported to have liver-protectant effects and has been used to treat liver disorders such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. It has also been used to treat gallbladder problems and high cholesterol. While there are a number of compounds in milk thistle, one of the active constituents, silymarin, is thought to be responsible for many of its effects, and dietary supplements often report using a standardized amount (generally 70% to 80% silymarin in extracts).

Choline is an essential nutrient that is found in many foods, including eggs, and is important for a number of bodily functions, including liver function, brain development, and nerve function. Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, mood, and muscle control. Choline also helps to transport fats out of the liver, which may help to reduce the risk of liver disease. Choline supplements are available in different forms, including choline bitartrate, choline chloride, and phosphatidylcholine. Choline bitartrate is the most common form of choline supplement, but phosphatidylcholine is the form that is found naturally in foods.

Inositol is a type of carbohydrate (sugar alcohol) that is found in a variety of foods, including fruits, nuts, and grains. It is also known as vitamin B8 but is not considered 'essential' as it can be synthesized in the human body. Inositol is involved in a number of important physiological processes, including the metabolism of fats, the regulation of insulin, and the transmission of nerve impulses. Inositol is a popular dietary supplement and is believed to have a number of potential health benefits. It is thought to have a role in the treatment of certain mental health conditions, is believed to have a positive effect on cholesterol levels and may be helpful in the prevention or management of heart disease. In addition, inositol may have anti-inflammatory effects and may be helpful in the treatment of certain skin conditions.

Deanol, also known as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol or DMAE, is a chemical compound that is found naturally in the brain and is also available as a dietary supplement. It is purported to have a number of potential health benefits, including cognitive and mood-enhancing effects. Deanol is a precursor to choline and is thought to work by increasing the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, learning, and other cognitive functions. It is most often used as a natural remedy for anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions, although it is important to note that the effectiveness of deanol for these purposes has not been established.

Grapes are widely grown and cultivated for a variety of uses such as for food and beverage making (e.g., wine). They also have a long history of use in traditional medicine. The fruit and skin of grapes contain various compounds that are believed to have health benefits, including antioxidants such as resveratrol and flavonoids. These compounds may help to protect cells from damage and are purported to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases. Grapes and grape products may also have anti-inflammatory properties, which may help to reduce inflammation in the body and potentially improve symptoms of certain conditions. Grape seed extracts are also commonly used as a dietary supplement and are often standardized according to the content of polyphenols or proanthocyanidins.

Hawthorn is a shrub native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a member of the rose family and is known for its thorny branches and small, white or pink flowers, which bloom in the spring. The fruit, called a haw, is a small red berry that is edible and often used in traditional medicine. Hawthorn has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including gastrointestinal discomfort, heart disease, high blood pressure, and chest pain. For its purported blood pressure-lowering abilities, it is thought to work by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart. Hawthorn dietary supplements are typically standardized extracts of the berry, leaf and flower of the plant.

L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid produced within the body through the conversion of the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. It is often used as a dietary supplement to support cognitive function, enhance focus, and mitigate stress by serving as a precursor for neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.

Turmeric is a commonly used spice and a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is native to India and other parts of South Asia and is known for its bright orange-yellow color and its warm, slightly bitter flavor. In traditional medicine, turmeric is believed to have a number of health benefits due to its high content of antioxidants and other compounds, such as curcumin. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and it is often used to treat a variety of conditions, including joint pain, digestive problems, skin disorders, and respiratory infections. Most dietary supplements that utilize turmeric standardize their products based on a specific amount of curcumin (curcuminoids) per dose. Additionally, turmeric supplements are often paired with black pepper extract (piperine) to improve oral absorption.

Quercetin is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of compounds found in a wide variety of plants and foods. It is purported to have a number of health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-boosting effects. Studies suggest it may also help to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as heart disease. In addition, quercetin may have anti-allergic properties and may be helpful in the treatment of allergies and asthma. It is a popular dietary supplement worldwide and is often included in products that contain antioxidants or various vitamins/minerals. Its wide range of potential health benefits mean that it could potentiate the effects of other drugs (e.g., anti-hypertensives), which is why there are an abundant number of potential interactions listed for quercetin.

Resveratrol is a natural compound found in certain plants, including grapes, berries, and peanuts. It has been the subject of numerous scientific studies due to its potential health benefits. Some research suggests that resveratrol may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. It may also have potential as a cancer-fighting agent and may help to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Coenzyme Q10, also known as CoQ10, is a naturally occurring substance that is found in every cell of the body and plays an essential role in energy production within the mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of the cells. CoQ10 also acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. While CoQ10 is endogenous, meaning our body can produce it on its own, levels can decrease with age, with certain medications (e.g., statins) or due to certain medical conditions. In such cases, supplementation with CoQ10 may be beneficial. Additionally, CoQ10 supplements have been studied for a variety of health benefits, including improving heart health, reducing inflammation, and potentially even aiding in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, it's important to note that while some studies have shown potential benefits, the research on CoQ10 supplementation is still ongoing, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects on the body.

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a tree native to Asia and is known for its distinctive fan-shaped leaves. The extract of the ginkgo leaf is commonly used in traditional medicine and is one of the most popular dietary supplements consumed worldwide. Its most common use is to help improve memory and cognitive function.

Tocotrienols are a type of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods. They are structurally similar to tocopherols, the more commonly known form of vitamin E, but have a different molecular structure. Tocotrienols are found in smaller amounts in certain plant-based foods, such as palm oil, rice bran oil, and barley. Unlike tocopherols, tocotrienols are known for their potent antioxidant properties and have been studied for their potential health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, tocotrienols have been studied for their ability to regulate cholesterol levels and protect the brain from oxidative damage. Drug interactions with tocotrienols are unlikely, but should be used cautiously if you are taking anticoagulants.

Bilberry is a small, perennial shrub that belongs to the Ericaceae family and is native to Europe, the northern United States, and Canada. It is known for its small, dark purple berries, which are similar in appearance to blueberries. The name bilberry is derived from the Danish word 'bollebar', meaning "dark berry". Bilberry is high in antioxidants, including flavonoids, and are a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin E, and manganese. Bilberry has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is claimed to have a number of potential health benefits, including improving vision, reducing inflammation, and treating diarrhea.

Black pepper is a spice made from the dried, unripe fruit of the Piper nigrum plant, which is native to the southwestern coast of India. It is one of the most widely used spices in the world, and it is often utilized to add flavor and heat to a wide variety of dishes. In traditional medicine, black pepper is purported to have a number of health benefits. It is a good source of antioxidants and is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may make it useful in reducing inflammation and swelling in the body. Black pepper is also used as a natural remedy for digestive problems, such as indigestion and bloating, and to boost the immune system. Black pepper is widely used in dietary supplements, specifically, an extract from black pepper known as piperine. Piperine can affect the absorption of many drugs, which is why it has a large number of reported interactions. Oftentimes, these 'interactions' are purposeful, such as when piperine is used with turmeric, to increase its absorption.

Lycopene is a natural red pigment and powerful antioxidant found in various fruits and vegetables, notably in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, and grapefruit. It belongs to the carotenoid family and is responsible for the vibrant red color in these foods. Studies suggest that lycopene may have health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer, due to its antioxidant properties. It is best absorbed by the body when consumed with fats or oils.

Boron is a trace mineral that is found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Boron is thought to play a role in bone health, as it may help the body metabolize calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Some preliminary research also suggests that boron may have anti-inflammatory effects and may help to improve cognitive function. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits. It is important to note that boron is not an essential nutrient and deficiency is rare. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for boron is not established, however, the safe upper limit is 20mg/day. Taking high doses of boron can cause skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. There are several patented forms of boron available in dietary supplements, such as Albion Bororganic Glycine.

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid, a class of pigments found in a variety of plants and microorganisms. It is known for its strong antioxidant properties and for giving certain seafood and other organisms their pink or red color. Astaxanthin is commonly used as a dietary supplement and can be found in the form of capsules, tablets, and soft gels. It is promoted for its potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease, improving skin health, and reducing inflammation. Astaxanthin is a common component in dietary supplements for the eye, marketed to reduce the effects of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).