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Dietary supplement

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Doctors' Preferred

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense is a dietary supplement by Doctors' Preferred with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for circulation and vein health, antioxidant support, skin health and aging.Based on those ingredients, 394 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Pycnogenol, MirtoSelect. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • “Mirtogenol Proprietary Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (120 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains two active ingredients: Pycnogenol (a standardized extract from maritime pine bark) and a proprietary blend called Mirtogenol, which includes MirtoSelect (a bilberry fruit extract). The capsule itself is made up of microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and silica — these are inactive ingredients that help form and stabilize the capsule.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Eye health and retinal support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Asthenopia (eye strain), Cataracts, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye, Glaucoma — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Bilberry is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Night vision (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bilberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Cataracts, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye, and more.

Pycnogenol is rated possibly effective for osteoarthritis and chronic venous insufficiency (a condition where veins have trouble returning blood from the legs). For high cholesterol, it's rated possibly ineffective.

The evidence for bilberry extract is less clear — night vision is rated possibly ineffective, while age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and chronic venous insufficiency don't have enough reliable evidence in our data to rate them one way or the other.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Maritime Pine Bilberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Pycnogenol is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety hasn't been fully established. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal complaints, dizziness, and vertigo; headache and a single case of chest pain have also been reported.

Bilberry fruit is safe as food, but the safety evidence for concentrated supplements is limited. Common side effects are dark-colored stools, flatulence, and stomach discomfort.

You may also notice your stool or tongue turn dark blue or black. The safety data advises against Pycnogenol during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

For bilberry, the data shows it's likely safe during both pregnancy and lactation, though that rating applies to bilberry itself; the data on file doesn't cover the specific extract blend in this product during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so talk with your pharmacist or doctor if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Maritime Pine Bilberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Bilberry, Maritime Pine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 394 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check it against any blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs you're on — both ingredients may increase bleeding risk (Moderate). Also double-check diabetes medications, since both Pycnogenol and bilberry may lower blood sugar.

If you take immunosuppressants, the bilberry component raises a theoretical concern about their effectiveness. Finally, if you're on erlotinib (a cancer medication) or drugs metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme pathway, talk to your pharmacist before adding this.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with osteoarthritis and leg vein issues, though the evidence for some uses is still developing. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, or immunosuppressants, check your specific drugs with our tool before you start.

Avoid it during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless you've talked with your pharmacist or doctor. Most people tolerate it well, but watch for dizziness and stomach upset.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense, straight from the product label.

Brand Doctors' Preferred
Barcode (UPC) 810047391241
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2024
DSLD ID 309893
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
810047391241
IngredientAmount% DV
Pycnogenol0 NP--
Mirtogenol Proprietary Complex120 mg--
MirtoSelect0 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Stearic Acid, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Formulated by Julian Whitaker, MD Pioneer and trusted authority of integrative medicine whose 40+ years treating patients and researching health innovations-and work with supplement leader Healthy Directions-led to the development of Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense, a targeted formula that supports healthy intraocular pressure and retinal health.

Gluten Free

Unconditionally guaranteed for purity and labeled potency.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Mirtogenol is registered trademark of Horphag Research and Indena and is protected by international and pending patents. Mirtoselect is a registered trademark of Indena S.p.A. Pycnogenol is a registered trademark of Hophag Research Ltd.

FDA Statement of Identity

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Get to know the doctors at DoctorsPreferred.com Doctor Developed

Doctor Formulated Doctor Formulated

Seals/Symbols

Triple Tested CGMP Certified Facility

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Doctor's suggested use: Take 1 capsule daily, For additional support, take 1 capsule twice daily.

Storage

To preserve quality and freshness, store bottle with cap tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

Precautions

Precautions: This product is not a treatment for glaucoma.

Consult a health care practitioner before use if you are pregnant or nursing, have a serious medical condition, or use any medications.

Keep out of reach of children.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Mirtogenol Proprietary Complex

120 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Stearic Acid, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
394Drugs
394 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Pycnogenol 327
MirtoSelect 275

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense interact with 394 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Pycnogenol MirtoSelect

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Pycnogenol3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Clinical research suggests that maritime pine bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation. However, the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
One clinical study shows that maritime pine bark extract decreases blood sugar in patients with diabetes being treated with antidiabetes agents. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro and animal research suggests that maritime pine bark extract has immunostimulant activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pycnogenol full monograph & interactions

MirtoSelect4 drug types · 275 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that anthocyanidin extracts from bilberry can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, bilberry leaf or fruit extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that bilberry leaf extract might have blood glucose-lowering activity. Also, one small clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows that taking bilberry fruit extract 470 mg as a single dose prior to an oral glucose tolerance test lowers plasma glucose levels when compared with placebo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research shows that exposure to small concentrations of bilberry extract in drinking water for around one month increased CYP2E1 activity by 31%. However, exposure over a 2-month period did not increase CYP2E1 activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Erlotinib (Tarceva)

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might reduce the efficacy of erlotinib.
In vitro research suggests that bilberry fruit extract and its constituents, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit the activity of erlotinib. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
MirtoSelect full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense, from the product label.

Doctors' Preferred

See all Doctors' Preferred products
Name
Healthy Directions
City
Bethesda
State
MD
ZipCode
20817
Phone Number
1-800-304-1709
Web Address
DoctorsPreferred.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred: Common Questions

Does Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense by Doctors' Preferred interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense has a known interaction with 394 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data advises against Pycnogenol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Bilberry is rated likely safe for both, but we don't have pregnancy or breastfeeding data on file specifically for the proprietary blend used in this product. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before taking it if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.
Will this really help my vision or eye pressure?
That's what the product name suggests, but we don't have effectiveness evidence on file for either ingredient specifically for eye pressure or vision problems. Pycnogenol does have some evidence for osteoarthritis and leg vein problems, and bilberry has been studied for age-related macular degeneration and cognitive decline, though the evidence is limited or unclear.
What are the most common side effects?
From Pycnogenol, you might experience gastrointestinal complaints, dizziness, or vertigo. From the bilberry component, common ones are dark-colored stools, gas, and stomach discomfort. You may also notice your stools or tongue turn dark blue or black, which is harmless but can be surprising.
Can this cause dizziness?
Yes. Pycnogenol has been reported to cause dizziness and in some cases severe vertigo, so be cautious if you drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you.
How long does it take to work?
That information isn't on file in our data for this specific product or the use you're considering. If you have questions about timeline, ask your pharmacist or the product manufacturer.
Can I take this with my heart or blood pressure medications?
Pycnogenol may increase bleeding risk with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs like aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel. Use our search tool to check your exact medications, or ask your pharmacist to review them before you start.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Maritime Pine

Interacts with 327 drugs

Maritime pine bark extract (often sold as Pycnogenol) is a plant-based antioxidant most studied for circulation, vein, and skin health. Some research is promising, but many studies are small...

Read the full Maritime Pine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bilberry

Interacts with 275 drugs

Bilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for eye health, circulation, and mild diarrhea. While...

Read the full Bilberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Ocular Pressure & Retina Defense's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 28 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Maritime Pine 14 references
  1. Rice-Evans CA, Packer L, eds. Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Manhattan, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.
  2. Liu FJ, Zhang YX, Lau BH. Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998;54:1168-72. PubMed
  3. Putter M, Grotemeyer KH, Wurthwein G, et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 1999;95:155-61. PubMed
  4. Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res 2006;20:232-4.
  5. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients (letter). Diabetes Care 2004;27:839. PubMed
  6. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci 2004;75:2505-13. PubMed
  7. Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res 2010;24:1115-9.
  8. Araghi-Niknam, M., Hosseini, S., Larson, D., Rohdewald, P., and Watson, R. R. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr.Med. 3-21-2000;2(2):73-77. PubMed
  9. Trebaticka, J., Kopasova, S., Hradecna, Z., Cinovsky, K., Skodacek, I., Suba, J., Muchova, J., Zitnanova, I., Waczulikova, I., Rohdewald, P., and Durackova, Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur.Child Adolesc.Psychi PubMed
  10. Suzuki, N., Uebaba, K., Kohama, T., Moniwa, N., Kanayama, N., and Koike, K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
  11. Cisar, P., Jany, R., Waczulikova, I., Sumegova, K., Muchova, J., Vojtassak, J., Durackova, Z., Lisy, M., and Rohdewald, P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(8):1087-1092.
  12. Enseleit, F., Sudano, I., Periat, D., Winnik, S., Wolfrum, M., Flammer, A. J., Frohlich, G. M., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Haile, S. R., Krasniqi, N., Matter, C. M., Uhlenhut, K., Hogger, P., Neidhart, M., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., and Noll, G. Effects
  13. Schoonees, A., Visser, J., Musekiwa, A., and Volmink, J. Pycnogenol(R) (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD008294.
  14. Wang S, Tan D Zhao Y et al. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res 1999;7:19-25.

See these in context on the Maritime Pine monograph →

Bilberry 14 references
  1. Cignarella A, Nastasi M, Cavalli E, Puglisi L. Novel lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves, a traditional antidiabetic treatment, in several models of rat dyslipidaemia: a comparison with ciprofibrate. Thromb Res 1996;84:311-22. PubMed
  2. Morazzoni P, Magistretti MJ. Activity of Myrtocyan, an anthosyanoside complex from Vaccinium myrtillus (VMA), on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. Fitoterapia 1990;61:13-21.
  3. Erlund, I., Koli, R., Alfthan, G., Marniemi, J., Puukka, P., Mustonen, P., Mattila, P., and Jula, A. Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(2):323-331. PubMed
  4. Hawrelak, J. A. and Myers, S. P. Effects of two natural medicine formulations on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16(10):1065-1071. PubMed
  5. Morazzoni P and Magistretti MJ. Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on prostacyclin-like activity in rat arterial issue. Fitoterapia 1986;57:11-14.
  6. Pulliero G, Montin S, Bettini V, and et al. Ex vivo study of the inhibitory effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on human platelet aggregation. Fitoterapia 1989;60:69-75.
  7. Bottecchia D. Preliminary report on the inhibitory effect of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on platelet aggregation and clot retraction. Fitoterapia 1987;48:3-8.
  8. Fdez, M., Zaragoza, F., and Alvarez, P. In vitro platelet aggregation effects of anthocyanosides of vaccinium myrtilus L. Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia 1983;49:79-90.
  9. Biedermann L, Mwinyi J, Scharl M, Frei P, Zeitz J, Kullak-Ublick GA, et al. Bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis-an open pilot study. 2013 May;7(4):271-9. PubMed
  10. Hoggard N, Cruickshank M, Moar KM, Bestwick C, Holst J, Russell W, et al. A single supplement of a standardized bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (36% wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes control
  11. Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Nagel LJ, Berger W, Marko D. Bilberry extract, its major phenolic compounds, and soy isoflavone genistein antagonize the cytostatic drug erlotinib in human epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016;7(8):3628-36.
  12. Prokop J, Lněničková K, Cibicek N, et al. Effect of bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019;129:382-90. PubMed
  13. Chan SW, Chu TTW, Choi SW, Benzie IFF, Tomlinson B. Impact of short-term bilberry supplementation on glycemic control, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and antioxidant status in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Phytother Res 2021. Online ahead o PubMed
  14. Bøhn SK, Myhrstad MCW, Thoresen M, et al. Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment -a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2021;7(1):75. PubMed

See these in context on the Bilberry monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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