Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 7 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

P6 Extreme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Cellucor

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

P6 Extreme is a dietary supplement by Cellucor with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high cholesterol, enlarged prostate (bph), heart health.Based on those ingredients, 872 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Cohosh (root) extract, Tribulus alatus extract, Stinging Nettle (root) extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of P6 Extreme by Cellucor

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “P6 Extreme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (947 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

P6 Extreme contains eight active ingredients. Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that supports prostate and heart health.

Black cohosh root extract and wild yam root extract are traditionally used for menopausal symptoms. Tribulus alatus extract, stinging nettle root extract, and clary sage are included for hormonal support.

The formula also contains ovine placenta powder and agaricus bisporus fruit extract. The product is filled with inactive ingredients including magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and a capsule shell.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: natural testosterone booster for strength and lean muscle.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Male infertility, Sexual dysfunction, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Muscle hypertrophy — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Erectile dysfunction (ED), Male infertility, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

Evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Beta-sitosterol is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) and possibly effective for high cholesterol and heart disease.

Black cohosh is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms but has insufficient evidence for hot flashes, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. Tribulus is possibly effective for sexual dysfunction but possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Stinging nettle is possibly effective for diabetes management. Wild yam is possibly ineffective for menopausal symptoms, and evidence is insufficient for its other claimed uses.

Clary sage has insufficient evidence for postoperative nausea, pain, or menstrual cramps.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The ingredients are generally well tolerated in the short term. Beta-sitosterol may cause constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, or nausea; it can also worsen acne.

Black cohosh can cause breast tenderness, dizziness, headache, tiredness, and gastrointestinal upset; rare liver concerns exist, so medical guidance is wise before starting. Tribulus may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation; rare cases of liver and kidney injury and seizures have been reported.

Stinging nettle typically causes constipation or diarrhea. Wild yam may cause headache, fever, or upset stomach; anaphylaxis is rare but possible.

Beta-sitosterol, black cohosh, wild yam, tribulus, and stinging nettle should all be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data or concerns about hormonal effects. Clary sage is traditionally discouraged in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tribulus, Stinging Nettle, Black Cohosh, Wild Yam, Agaricus Mushroom.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 873 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before starting: serotonergic drugs like antidepressants (risk of serotonin syndrome from black cohosh), blood thinners like warfarin (stinging nettle may reduce effectiveness), antidiabetes medications (tribulus and stinging nettle may lower blood sugar too much), antihypertensive drugs (tribulus may lower blood pressure too much), lithium (both tribulus and stinging nettle may increase levels), and hepatotoxic or liver-metabolized drugs including atorvastatin (black cohosh concern). CYP2D6 substrates and estrogen therapy also warrant review with your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

P6 Extreme is marketed for hormonal support and menopausal symptoms, but the evidence for several ingredients is limited. If you take any prescription medications — especially antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, blood thinners like warfarin, or lithium — check with your pharmacist first; black cohosh and other ingredients have documented interactions.

Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 23, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about P6 Extreme, straight from the product label.

Brand Cellucor
Net contents 120 Capsule(s); 30 Day Supply
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 23, 2014
DSLD ID 33203
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for P6 Extreme by Cellucor, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
IngredientAmount% DV
Beta-Sitosterol0 NP--
Black Cohosh (root) extract0 NP--
P6 Extreme Blend947 mg--
Tribulus alatus extract250 mg--
Ovine Placenta Powder0 NP--
Wild Yam (root) extract0 NP--
Agaricus bisporus (fruit) extract0 NP--
Stinging Nettle (root) extract0 NP--
Salvia sclarea (whole plant) extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Capsule Shell

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

NATURAL TESTOSTERONE BOOSTER ADVANCED ANABOLIC STACK STRENGTH LEAN MUSCLE LIBIDO

Seals/Symbols

Chrome Series

GMP

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Precautions

CONTAINS: SOY. This product was produced in a facility that may also process ingredients containing milk, egg, soybeans, shellfish, fish, treenuts and peanuts.

CONTAINS: SOY.

Formula

CONTAINS: SOY.

See for yourself

P6 Extreme by Cellucor label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in P6 Extreme by Cellucor

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Capsule Shell. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

P6 Extreme by Cellucor Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against P6 Extreme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
872Drugs
858 Moderate 14 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in P6 Extreme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Black Cohosh (root) extract7 drug types · 652 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Taking black cohosh with atorvastatin might increase the risk for elevated liver function tests.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) developed significantly elevated liver function enzymes after starting black cohosh 100 mg four times daily. Liver enzymes returned to normal when black cohosh was discontinued. It is unclear whether the elevated liver enzymes were due to black cohosh itself or an interaction between atorvastatin and black cohosh.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, black cohosh may reduce the clinical effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that black cohosh might decrease the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on breast cancer cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Some clinical research suggests that black cohosh might modestly inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, contradictory clinical research shows a specific black cohosh product (Remifemin, Enzymatic Therapy) 40 mg twice daily does not significantly inhibit metabolism of a CYP2D6 substrate in healthy study volunteers. Until more is known, use black cohosh cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, black cohosh may alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that black cohosh has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that black cohosh might be linked to cases of liver failure and autoimmune hepatitis.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Black cohosh might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Black cohosh acts as an agonist at several serotonin receptor subtypes and might interact with other serotonergic medications. In one case, a 55-year-old female who had been on stable treatment with sertraline 50 mg and duloxetine 60 mg daily developed serotonin syndrome after taking black cohosh extract 40 mg daily for 3 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Black cohosh may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP2B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP2B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that black cohosh modestly inhibits OATP2B1. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Tribulus alatus extract3 drug types · 259 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Stinging Nettle (root) extract4 drug types · 164 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Agaricus bisporus (fruit) extract1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking agaricus mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In one clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes who are stabilized on conventional oral hypoglycemic agents, 3 of 29 patients taking an agaricus mushroom extract 500 mg three times daily for 12 weeks reported hypoglycemia, compared to one of 29 patients in the placebo group.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Wild Yam (root) extract1 drug type · 41 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, wild yam might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen.
Wild yam root shows estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects in vitro. Theoretically, wild yam might interfere with hormone therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for P6 Extreme, from the product label.

Cellucor

See all Cellucor products
Name
Cellucor
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

P6 Extreme by Cellucor: Common Questions

Does P6 Extreme by Cellucor interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, P6 Extreme has a known interaction with 872 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
P6 Extreme contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product help with menopausal hot flashes?
Black cohosh and wild yam are traditional choices for menopausal symptoms, but the evidence is modest. Black cohosh is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms overall, but evidence is insufficient specifically for hot flashes. Wild yam is possibly ineffective for menopausal symptoms. Talk with your doctor about what might work best for you.
Can I take this if I'm on blood thinners?
Stinging nettle contains vitamin K, which may reduce how warfarin and other blood thinners work. If you take warfarin or another anticoagulant, check with your pharmacist before adding P6 Extreme.
What are the most common side effects?
Beta-sitosterol may cause constipation, diarrhea, gas, or nausea. Black cohosh can cause breast tenderness, dizziness, headache, or gastrointestinal upset. Tribulus and stinging nettle may cause abdominal pain, nausea, or diarrhea. Most people tolerate these ingredients short-term, but side effects vary.
Is this safe to take while breastfeeding?
No — all the main ingredients in this product (black cohosh, tribulus, wild yam, stinging nettle, and clary sage) should be avoided while breastfeeding because safety data is insufficient or traditional concerns exist. Talk with your doctor for personalized guidance.
Does tribulus really boost athletic performance?
The data we have rates tribulus as possibly ineffective for athletic performance, so evidence does not support that claim.
Can I take this with my antidepressant?
Black cohosh in this product can interact with serotonergic antidepressants and raise the risk of serotonin syndrome. Check with your pharmacist before combining this with any antidepressant or other mental-health medication.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

P6 Extreme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind P6 Extreme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-sitosterol

Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol that may modestly lower LDL ('bad') cholesterol and may help ease urinary symptoms from an enlarged prostate. Evidence is moderate for these uses and weaker...

Read the full Beta-sitosterol monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Black Cohosh

Interacts with 652 drugs

Black cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from settled. It is generally well tolerated for short-t...

Read the full Black Cohosh monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Tribulus

Interacts with 259 drugs

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims is weak and inconsistent. It is general...

Read the full Tribulus monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Wild Yam

Interacts with 41 drugs

Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. Despite popular cl...

Read the full Wild Yam monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Agaricus Mushroom

Interacts with 86 drugs

Agaricus mushroom (often Agaricus blazei/subrufescens) is a culinary and medicinal mushroom studied mostly for possible immune and antioxidant effects. The human evidence is limited and not...

Read the full Agaricus Mushroom monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Stinging Nettle

Interacts with 164 drugs

Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...

Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Clary Sage

Clary sage is a Mediterranean herb most often used as an essential oil for aromatherapy and to ease stress or menstrual discomfort. Evidence for these uses is limited and mostly from small s...

Read the full Clary Sage monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

P6 Extreme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 122 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-sitosterol 7 references
  1. Berges RR, Windeler J, Trampisch HJ, et al. Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Beta-sitosterol Study Group. Lancet 1995;345:1529-32.
  2. Klippel KF, Hiltl DM, Schipp B. A multicentric, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Urol 1997;80:427-32.
  3. Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Ishani A. beta-sitosterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. BJU Int 1999;83:976-83. PubMed
  4. Oster P, Schlierf G, Heuck CC, et al. [Sitosterol in familial hyperlipoproteinemia type II. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1976;101:1308-11.
  5. Becker M, Staab D, Von Bergman K. Long-term treatment of severe familial hypercholesterolemia in children: effect of sitosterol and bezafibrate. Pediatrics 1992;89:138-42. DOI
  6. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
  7. Lorenze A, Hsueh W, Nasr J. Beta-sitosterol-induced acute pancreatitis: A case report and review of the literature. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7407. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-sitosterol monograph →

Black Cohosh 68 references
  1. McFarlin BL, Gibson MH, O'Rear J, Harman P. A national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. Review of the literature and recommendations for practice. J Nurse Midwifery 1999;44:205-16. PubMed
  2. Whiting PW, Clouston A, Kerlin P. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2002;177:440-3. PubMed
  3. Pepping J. Black cohosh: Cimicifuga racemosa. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1400-2. PubMed
  4. Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther 1998;15:45-53.
  5. Kruse SO, Lohning A, Pauli GF, et al. Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid. Planta Med 1999;65:763-4.
  6. Jacobson JS, Troxel AB, Evans J, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2739-45. PubMed
  7. Gunn TR, Wright IM. The use of black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1996;109:410-1.
  8. Baillie N, Rasmussen P. Black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1997;110:20-1.
  9. Lontos S, Jones RM, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2003;179:390-1.. DOI
  10. Wuttke W, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Gorkow C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas 2003;44:S67-77. PubMed
  11. Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of the safety of black cohosh. Menopause 2003;10:58-64.. DOI
  12. Cohen SM, O'Connor AM, Hart J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Menopause 2004;11:575-7. PubMed
  13. Vitetta L, Thomsen M, Sali A. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2003;178:411-2.. PubMed
  14. Thomsen M, Vitetta L, Schmidt M, Sali A. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2004;180:598-600.. DOI
  15. Cohen B, Schardt D. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Letter to Food and Drug Administration. Commissioner Mark McClellan, MD, PhD. March 4, 2004.
  16. Seidlova-Wuttke D, Hesse O, Jarry H, et al. Evidence for selective estrogen receptor modulator activity in a black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) extract: comparison with estradiol-17beta. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;149:351-62. PubMed
  17. Rockwell S, Liu Y, Higgins SA. Alteration of the effects of cancer therapy agents on breast cancer cells by the herbal medicine black cohosh. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005;90:233-9. PubMed
  18. Levitsky J, Alli TA, Wisecarver J, Sorrell MF. Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:538-9. PubMed
  19. Cheong JL, Bucknall R. Retinal vein thrombosis associated with a herbal phytoestrogen preparation in a susceptible patient. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:266-7.. PubMed
  20. Nappi RE, Malavasi B, Brundu B, Facchinetti F. Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:30-5.
  21. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
  22. Minciullo PL, Saija A, Patafi M, et al. Muscle damage induced by black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). Phytomedicine 2006;13:115-8. PubMed
  23. Wuttke W, Gorkow C, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Effects of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and conjugated estrogens-controlled study. Men PubMed
  24. MHRA. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) - risk of liver problems. Herbal Safety News July 2006. Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary= true&ssDocName=CON2024131&ssTargetNodeId=663.
  25. Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, et al. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e257-61.
  26. Raus K, Brucker C, Gorkow C, Wuttke W. First-time proof of endometrial safety of the special black cohosh extract (Actaea or Cimicifuga racemosa extract) CR BNO 1055. Menopause 2006;13:678-91. PubMed
  27. Lynch CR, Folkers ME, Hutson WR. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report. Liver Transpl 2006;12:989-92. PubMed
  28. Bai W, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Wang S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product containing an isopropanolic black cohosh extract in Chinese women with menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double blind, parallel-controlled study versus tibol
  29. Meyer S, Vogt T, Obermann EC, et al. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma induced by Cimicifuga racemosa. Dermatology 2007;214:94-6.
  30. Gori L, Firenzuoli F. Is black cohosh a hepatotoxic medicinal herb? Forsch Komplementarmed 2007;14:109-10. PubMed
  31. Assessment of case reports connected to herbal medicinal products containing cimicifugae racemosa rhizoma (black cohosh, root). Doc. Ref. EMEA/269259/2006. Available at: www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/hmpc/26925806en.pdf (Accessed 30 November 2007).
  32. Chung DJ, Kim HY, Park KH, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms. Yonsei Med J 2007;48:289-94. PubMed
  33. Chow ECY, Teo M, Ring JA, Chen JW. Liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. Med J Aust 2008;188:420-2. PubMed
  34. Mahady GB, Low Dog T, Barrett ML, et al. United States Pharmacopeia review of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity. Menopause 2008;15:628-38. PubMed
  35. Hepatotoxicity with black cohosh. Australian Adv Drug Reactions Bull 2006;25:6. Available at: www.tga.gov.au/adr/aadrb/aadr0604.htm#a1.
  36. Dunbar K, Solga SF. Black cohosh, safety, and public awareness. Liver Int 2007;27:1017. PubMed
  37. Patel NM, Derkits RM. Possible increase in liver enzymes secondary to atorvastatin and black cohosh administration. J Pharm Pract 2007;20:341-6. DOI
  38. Joy D, Joy J, Duane P. Black cohosh: a cause of abnormal postmenopausal liver function tests. Climacteric 2008;11:84-8. PubMed
  39. Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. Black cohosh and liver toxicity - an update. Aust Adv Drug Reactions Bull 2007;26:11.
  40. Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessement of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk-thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52:755-63.
  41. Spangler L, Newton KM, Grothaus LC, et al. The effects of black cohosh therapies on lipids, fibrinogen, glucose and insulin. Maturitas 2007;57:195-204. PubMed
  42. Teschke R, Bahre R, Genthner A, et al. Suspected black cohosh hepatotoxicity - challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment. Maturitas 2009;63:302-14. PubMed
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Wild Yam 7 references
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Stinging Nettle 23 references
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Clary Sage 2 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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