Passionflower Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Passionflower Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Passionflower Extract is a dietary supplement by Nature's Answer with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, trouble sleeping, restlessness.Based on those ingredients, 836 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Passionflower. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This liquid extract contains one active ingredient: passionflower. The extract is suspended in a base of purified water, glycerin, and alcohol.
Beyond the passionflower itself, there are no other active components — just the inactive ingredients that carry and preserve the extract.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Passionflower is possibly effective for insomnia and pre-procedural anxiety (the jitters before a medical procedure). The evidence supporting these uses is moderate but not definitive.
For ADHD and benzodiazepine withdrawal, there isn't enough reliable evidence in our data to rate whether it works.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Passionflower is generally well tolerated when used short-term, but drowsiness is common — that's part of how it works. The most frequent side effects reported in studies are confusion, dizziness, sensitivity reactions, and sedation.
There's also a case report of someone who took high doses (1500–2000 mg over two days) and developed severe nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and heart rhythm changes that resolved once the product was stopped. The safety data advises against use during pregnancy due to lack of safety information and possible effects on the uterus.
There isn't enough data to know whether it's safe while breastfeeding, so it's best avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for your situation.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take sedative medications (like benzodiazepines, sleep aids, or opioids) — passionflower can add to their drowsy effects. Also confirm if you take drugs processed through the CYP3A4 enzyme system or medications that depend on OATP transporters, since passionflower may affect how those work.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Passionflower extract may help with insomnia or pre-procedural anxiety. If you take sedative medications or anything broken down by your liver's CYP3A4 system, you'll want to check your specific medications before starting.
Avoid it if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. Have a conversation with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it fits your health picture.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 18, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Passionflower Extract, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Nature's Answer |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 083000004452 |
| Net contents | 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 60 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 18, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 295416 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Passionflower | 550 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Water, Purified, Glycerin, Alcohol
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Formulation
Gluten free
Absolutely no preservatives
Our extracts are produced using our cold Bio-Chelated proprietary extraction process, yielding a Holistically Balanced Advanced Botanical Fingerprint extract in the same synergistic ratios as in the plant.
Formula
K Parve (Kosher)
Natural calming botanical Passiflora incarnata Made from 1,600 mg passionflowers per serving
Low alcohol
Seals/Symbols
K Parve (Kosher) Bio-Chelated cold extraction process
Brand IP Statement(s)
Nature's Answer Since 1972 Discover Nature's Answer
Copyright 2020 Nature's Answer
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, take 1-2 mL (38-76 drops) three (3) times a day in a small amount of water. Shake well.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children.
Warning: Do not use if pregnant or nursing.
Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
General Statements
For product information, call (800)439-2324
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Passionflower
Interacts with836 drugs
Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restless...
Passionflower monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Water, Purified, Glycerin, Alcohol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Nature's Answer Passionflower Extract interacts with medications through its passionflower content, most seriously with sedative drugs (CNS depressants).
Passionflower has documented sedative effects that can add to the effects of medications like lorazepam and other sedatives, potentially causing extra drowsiness and side effects — this is a Moderate severity concern.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Passionflower also affects how your body processes certain other medications. It may reduce levels of drugs that rely on OATP transporters (a Minor interaction), and it can theoretically decrease the effects of medications broken down by the CYP3A4 enzyme system (also Minor), though the effect is thought to be small.
Altogether, these interactions span 837 individual medications. Because passionflower's sedative action is the main concern, you'll want to check your exact medications — especially any that already make you drowsy — with the search tool on this page before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Passionflower Extract?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Passionflower Extract interact with 836 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Passionflower Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Passionflower
Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, PhenobarbitalBel Tabs, Bellamine-S, Bellaphen-S, Duragal S, Phenarbal S, Spastrin
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna Alkaloids, PhenobarbitalBarbidonna, Donnatal
How Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna Extract, PhenobarbitalBelap
How Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna, Caffeine, Ergotamine, PentobarbitalMicomp PB
How Belladonna, Caffeine, Ergotamine, Pentobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna, Caffeine, Ergotamine, Pentobarbital interactionBelladonna, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital
How Belladonna, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna, Ergotamine, PhenobarbitalBellergal-S
How Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital interactionBelladonna, OpiumB & O Supprettes
How Belladonna, Opium interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna, Opium interactionBelladonna, PhenobarbitalBellophen, Susano
How Belladonna, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Belladonna, Phenobarbital interactionBellafoline, Caffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate, PentobarbitalCafergot PB
How Bellafoline, Caffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate, Pentobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Bellafoline, Caffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate, Pentobarbital interactionBellafoline, PhenobarbitalBelladenal, Belladenal-S
How Bellafoline, Phenobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Bellafoline, Phenobarbital interactionBenactyzine, MeprobamateDeprol
How Benactyzine, Meprobamate interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Benactyzine, Meprobamate interactionBenzhydrocodone, AcetaminophenApadaz
How Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen interactionBrexanoloneZulresso
How Brexanolone interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Brexanolone interactionBromazepamLectopam
How Bromazepam interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Bromazepam interactionBuprenorphineBrixadi, Butrans, Sublocade, Subutex
How Buprenorphine interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Buprenorphine interactionBuprenorphine HydrochlorideBelbuca, Probuphine
How Buprenorphine Hydrochloride interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Buprenorphine Hydrochloride interactionBuprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone HydrochlorideBunavail
How Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride interactionBuprenorphine, NaloxoneCassipa, Zubsolv
How Buprenorphine, Naloxone interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Buprenorphine, Naloxone interactionBuprenorphine/naloxoneSuboxone
How Buprenorphine/naloxone interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Buprenorphine/naloxone interactionButabarbital SodiumButisol Sodium, Sarisol #2
How Butabarbital Sodium interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Butabarbital Sodium interactionButabarbital, Phenobarbital, SecobarbitalS.B.P.
How Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital interactionButalbital, Phenobarbital, SecobarbitalTribarb
How Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital interactionButorphanolStadol
How Butorphanol interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Butorphanol interactionCaffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug)Ergodryl
How Caffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Caffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interactionCamphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, ValerianNevrotose #3
How Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian interactionCannabidiol (prescription Drug)Epidiolex
How Cannabidiol (prescription Drug) interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Cannabidiol (prescription Drug) interactionCarbamazepineCarbatrol, Carnexiv, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR
How Carbamazepine interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Carbamazepine interactionCelecoxib, TramadolSeglentis
How Celecoxib, Tramadol interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower + Celecoxib, Tramadol interactionCenobamateXcopri
How Cenobamate interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Cenobamate interactionCetirizineCetirizine, Quzyttir, Zyrtec
How Cetirizine interacts with Passionflower Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassionflowerCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passionflower + Cetirizine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Passionflower Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Passionflower
Cns Depressants
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Passionflower Extract, from the product label.
Nature's Answer
See all Nature's Answer products- Name
- Nature's Answer
- Street Address
- 85 Commerce Drive
- City
- Hauppauge
- State
- NY
- ZipCode
- 11788
- Phone Number
- (800) 439-2324
- Web Address
- www.naturesanswer.com
Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer: Common Questions
Does Passionflower Extract by Nature's Answer interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will passionflower make me drowsy?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Does it actually work for insomnia?
What other side effects might I notice?
Is this the same as a prescription sedative?
Can I take it with other supplements?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Passionflower Extract is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Passionflower Extract’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Passionflower Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 19 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Passion Flower 19 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
- Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
- Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
- Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
- Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
- Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
- Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
- Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
- Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
- Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
- Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
- Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
- Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
- da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
- Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
- Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC