No known drug interactions for the matched ingredients — not a guarantee none exist. Based on 2 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GHOST

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
No known interaction
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Size Warheads Sour Green Apple against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line No known interaction

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple is a dietary supplement by GHOST with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for athletic performance and endurance, high-intensity exercise capacity, reducing muscle fatigue.We don’t currently list a known drug interaction for its mapped ingredients — but that doesn’t guarantee none exist, so always confirm with your pharmacist.

Jump to a section

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “GHOST Size” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Full Yield Creatine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (5 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Creatine Hydrochloride” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (3.21 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

This powder has 6 active ingredients. The main ones are beta-alanine and creatine — both are amino acid derivatives your muscles use for energy and performance.

You'll also find creatine monohydrate and creatine hydrochloride (both forms of creatine), plus AstraGin, betaine, and epicatechin. The rest is flavor, sweeteners (sucralose and acesulfame potassium), and binders like xanthan gum and silicon dioxide to hold the powder together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle strength and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Physical performance, Muscle strength, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Muscle breakdown.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance, Physical performance.

Beta-alanine is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance, though the evidence isn't ironclad. For cognitive decline, COPD, brain function, and menopause symptoms, we don't have enough reliable evidence to say either way.

Creatine is possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance, and for sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) and brain disorders called cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes. It's rated possibly ineffective for Huntington disease and osteopenia.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Creatine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Both beta-alanine and creatine are generally well tolerated in healthy adults. Beta-alanine commonly causes harmless tingling and flushing of the skin, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour — most mild at lower doses.

Creatine's most common side effects are dehydration, diarrhea, stomach upset, muscle cramps, and water retention. Rare case reports have mentioned kidney and muscle concerns, so if you have kidney problems, be cautious.

There isn't enough safety data on either ingredient during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so it's best to avoid both if you're pregnant or nursing. We couldn't check AstraGin, betaine, or epicatechin for safety data.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Creatine

Meds to double-check

No known interactions
Known Interaction Concern · database check
No known interactions

No medication interactions are currently documented for the matched ingredients — that isn't a guarantee none exist.

Why this rating?
  • None of the 2 matched ingredients has a documented medication interaction on file.

No interactions are documented in our data for the ingredients we could check. Still, run your medications through the search tool below or talk to your pharmacist to be sure.

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. No medication interactions are currently documented, and safety information is well characterized.

GHOST Size is built for strength and athletic performance with creatine and beta-alanine. If you're healthy and not pregnant or nursing, the side effects are usually just mild tingling and some stomach or muscle effects.

Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you have kidney issues or take any medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Size Warheads Sour Green Apple, straight from the product label.

Brand GHOST
Barcode (UPC) 850001610124
Net contents 14.8 Ounce(s); 420 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2020
DSLD ID 223181
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
14 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
14 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
850001610124
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories0 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Beta-Alanine2 Gram(s)--
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Creatine2.5 Gram(s)--
AstraGin50 mg--
Betaine2.5 Gram(s)--
GHOST Size0 NP--
Full Yield Creatine5 Gram(s)--
Creatine Hydrochloride3.21 Gram(s)--
Creatine Monohydrate2.84 Gram(s)--
Epicatechin200 mg--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural and Artificial flavor, Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Tartaric Acid, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Xanthan Gum, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Yellow #5, FD&C Blue #1

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Mix one scoop (1 serving) of Ghost Size with 8-10 oz of water or beverage of choice, such as Ghost Legend or Ghost BCAA, preferably within 30 minutes after exercise on training days. For best results, Ghost Size should be taken on both training/non training days with plenty of water. Do not exceed 2 servings in a 24-hour period.

Consume as part of a healthy diet and exercise program, and drink plenty of water.

General Statements

Ghost Size was conceived to make gains faster than photoshop

California Prop 65 Warning: This product may expose you to chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Contents sold by weight not volume, some settling may occur.

Follow us: @ghostlifestyle Twitter Facebook Instagram YouTube

Muscle builder

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended for healthy adults, 18 years of age or older. Do not exceed recommendations for suggested use.

Before using this product, consult a licensed, qualified health care professional if: you are taking any medications or other dietary supplement, or prescription drug; or if you have or have been treated for, diagnosed with or have a family history of, any medical condition.

Immediately discontinue use and consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product.

Not for use by women that are pregnant, nursing, or trying to become pregnant.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Manufactured in the U.S.A. in a GMP compliant facility

Formulation

This product contains ingredients of international and domestic origin

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Warheads Sour Green Apple Naturally and artificially flavored

Brand IP Statement(s)

Warheads is a registered trademark of Impact Confections, Inc.

Astragin, NuLiv Science USA, Inc.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size14 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

GHOST Size

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural and Artificial flavor, Malic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Tartaric Acid, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Xanthan Gum, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Yellow #5, FD&C Blue #1. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST Drug Interactions

We don’t currently list any known drug interactions for the mapped ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Green Apple. This doesn’t guarantee none exist — always confirm with your pharmacist before combining a supplement with your medications.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Size Warheads Sour Green Apple, from the product label.

GHOST

See all GHOST products
Name
GHOST
Street Address
170 S. Green Valley Parkway, Suite 300
City
Henderson
State
NV
ZipCode
89012
Phone Number
1-844-446-7888
Web Address
www.ghostlifestyle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST: Common Questions

Does Size Warheads Sour Green Apple by GHOST interact with any medications?
We do not currently list a known interaction for the mapped ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Green Apple. This does not guarantee none exist, so confirm with your pharmacist.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Size Warheads Sour Green Apple contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this make me tingle or flush?
Beta-alanine commonly does — you'll likely feel pins and needles and skin flushing, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. It's harmless, and milder at lower doses.
Is creatine safe if I have kidney problems?
Not without caution. The facts say those with kidney issues should be careful. Check with your doctor before taking it.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data isn't there for either ingredient during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It's best to avoid and talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What's creatine supposed to do?
It helps your muscles produce energy during exercise. It's possibly effective for building strength and athletic performance, and may help with age-related muscle loss.
Can this cause stomach problems?
Yes — creatine can cause dehydration, diarrhea, stomach upset, and muscle cramps in some people. These are the most common side effects.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Size Warheads Sour Green Apple is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Size Warheads Sour Green Apple’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Size Warheads Sour Green Apple's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 99 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Creatine 86 references
  1. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med 1999;340:814-5. PubMed
  2. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  3. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;352:233-4. PubMed
  4. Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (abstract). J Appl Physiol 1997;83:2055-63. PubMed
  5. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:232-7. PubMed
  6. Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252-3. PubMed
  7. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men (abstract). Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. PubMed
  8. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1108-10. PubMed
  9. Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. PubMed
  10. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:139-44. PubMed
  11. Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996;91:113-8. PubMed
  12. Juhn MS. Oral creatine supplementation. Separating fact from hype. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27:47-50,53-54,56,61,89. PubMed
  13. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:593-5.
  14. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E821-6. PubMed
  15. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand 1995;154:303-10. PubMed
  16. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. PubMed
  17. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. (abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40. PubMed
  18. Groeneveld GJ, Veldink JH, van der Tweel I, et al. A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . PubMed
  19. Robinson SJ. Acute quadriceps compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a weight lifter using high-dose creatine supplementation. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000;13:134-7. PubMed
  20. Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:762-4. PubMed
  21. Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:33-40. PubMed
  22. Pfeffer, G., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D. M., Thorburn, D., and Chinnery, P. F. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004426. PubMed
  23. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  24. Kreider, R. B. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. PubMed
  25. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1999;99(5):593-595.
  26. Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., and Kraemer, W. J. No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. PubMed
  27. Robinson, T. M., Sewell, D. A., Casey, A., Steenge, G., and Greenhaff, P. L. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. PubMed
  28. Tarnopolsky, M. A. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr.Opin.Clin Nutr.Metab Care 2000;3(6):497-502. PubMed
  29. Tarnopolsky, M. A. and MacLennan, D. P. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):452-463. PubMed
  30. Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. PubMed
  31. Chrusch, M. J., Chilibeck, P. D., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S., and Burke, D. G. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2111-2117. PubMed
  32. Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D., and Burke, L. Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2002;12(1):33-46. PubMed
  33. Kilduff, L. P., Vidakovic, P., Cooney, G., Twycross-Lewis, R., Amuna, P., Parker, M., Paul, L., and Pitsiladis, Y. P. Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistance-trained humans. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1176-1183. PubMed
  34. Brose, A., Parise, G., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci. 2003;58(1):11-19. PubMed
  35. Volek, J. S., Ratamess, N. A., Rubin, M. R., Gomez, A. L., French, D. N., McGuigan, M. M., Scheett, T. P., Sharman, M. J., Hakkinen, K., and Kraemer, W. J. The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to
  36. Tyler, T. F., Nicholas, S. J., Hershman, E. B., Glace, B. W., Mullaney, M. J., and McHugh, M. P. The effect of creatine supplementation on strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-b DOI
  37. Groeneveld, G. J., Beijer, C., Veldink, J. H., Kalmijn, S., Wokke, J. H., and van den Berg, L. H. Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(4):307-313. PubMed
  38. Astorino, T. A., Marrocco, A. C., Gross, S. M., Johnson, D. L., Brazil, C. M., Icenhower, M. E., and Kneessi, R. J. Is running performance enhanced with creatine serum ingestion? J Strength.Cond.Res 2005;19(4):730-734. PubMed
  39. Cramer, J. T., Stout, J. R., Culbertson, J. Y., and Egan, A. D. Effects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular function. J Strength.Cond.Res 2007;21(3):668-677. PubMed
  40. Young, P., De, Jonghe P., Stogbauer, F., and Butterfass-Bahloul, T. Treatment for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2008;(1):CD006052. PubMed
  41. Ostojic, S. M. and Ahmetovic, Z. Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in athletes: are side effects dose dependent? Res.Sports Med. 2008;16(1):15-22. PubMed
  42. Whitt, K. N., Ward, S. C., Deniz, K., Liu, L., Odin, J. A., and Qin, L. Cholestatic liver injury associated with whey protein and creatine supplements. Semin.Liver Dis. 2008;28(2):226-231. PubMed
  43. Koenig CA, Benardot D Cody M Thompson WR. Comparison of creatine monohydrate and carbohydrate supplementation on repeated jump height performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1081-1086. PubMed
  44. Gordon, P. H., Cheung, Y. K., Levin, B., Andrews, H., Doorish, C., Macarthur, R. B., Montes, J., Bednarz, K., Florence, J., Rowin, J., Boylan, K., Mozaffar, T., Tandan, R., Mitsumoto, H., Kelvin, E. A., Chapin, J., Bedlack, R., Rivner, M., McCluskey, L.
  45. Bender, A., Samtleben, W., Elstner, M., and Klopstock, T. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Nutr.Res. 2008;28(3):172-178. PubMed
  46. Parness, J. You're "hot" from pumping iron? Anesth.Analg. 2009;108(3):711-713. PubMed
  47. Gualano, B., Ferreira, D. C., Sapienza, M. T., Seguro, A. C., and Lancha, A. H., Jr. Effect of short-term high-dose creatine supplementation on measured GFR in a young man with a single kidney. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2010;55(3):e7-e9. PubMed
  48. Saidi, H. and Mani, M. Severe metabolic acidosis secondary to coadministration of creatine and metformin, a case report. Am.J.Emerg.Med. 2010;28(3):388-6. PubMed
  49. Gualano, B., de, Salles Painelli, V, Roschel, H., Lugaresi, R., Dorea, E., Artioli, G. G., Lima, F. R., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M. R., Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Otaduy, M. C., Sapienza, M. T., da Costa, Leite C., Bonfa, E., and Lancha Junior, A. H.
  50. Neves, M., Jr., Gualano, B., Roschel, H., Lima, F. R., Lucia, de Sa-Pinto, Seguro, A. C., Shimizu, M. H., Sapienza, M. T., Fuller, R., Lancha, A. H., Jr., and Bonfa, E. Effect of creatine supplementation on measured glomerular filtration rate in postmeno
  51. Gufford, B. T., Sriraghavan, K., Miller, N. J., Miller, D. W., Gu, X., Vennerstrom, J. L., and Robinson, D. H. Physicochemical characterization of creatine N-methylguanidinium salts. J.Diet.Suppl 2010;7(3):240-252.
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