Sodium Citrate Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Sodium Citrate against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Sodium Citrate is a dietary supplement by BulkSupplements.com with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: sodium, delivered as sodium citrate powder. Sodium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve and muscle function, but most people get plenty from food—table salt alone typically exceeds recommended intake.
There are no other inactive ingredients listed.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence we hold shows sodium citrate is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for preventing kidney damage from amphotericin B (a potent antifungal). For bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure, the evidence isn't established in our data.
If you're considering this for any of those conditions, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether the evidence fits your situation.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Sodium is well tolerated when taken in moderation at intakes up to the recommended daily limit, but the facts make clear: excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. Serious side effects are rare but include worsening of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and kidney problems.
Normal dietary sodium is fine; avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Population research also suggests high sodium intake is associated with increased gastric cancer risk and gastric cancer mortality.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check with your pharmacist before starting if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, didanosine, tolvaptan, sodium phosphate bowel prep, or any other sodium-containing drugs. High sodium intake can reduce how well blood pressure medicine works and can cause dangerous sodium buildup in your blood, especially with lithium or corticosteroids.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Sodium citrate is straightforward—it's sodium, and you likely already get enough from food. Consider it only if your doctor specifically recommends it for cystic fibrosis or another medical reason.
If you take blood pressure medication, lithium, or any other sodium-sensitive drugs, talk with your pharmacist before adding this product.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 22, 2021.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Sodium Citrate, straight from the product label.
| Brand | BulkSupplements.com |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | X001QLK0GH |
| Net contents | 250 Gram(s); 8.8 oz |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 22, 2021 |
| DSLD ID | 254474 |
| Product type | Mineral |
| Supplement form | Powder |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Clean & pure bulk supplements
New - Bulksupplements Sodium Citrate Powder (250 Grams)
FDA Disclaimer Statement
Warning: This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Always consult a physician before taking any dietary supplement.
Keep out of reach of children.
Formulation
Free of: Added sugar, soy, dairy, yeast, gluten, additives.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 3 grams (about 1/3 tbsp) once daily, or as directed by a physician.
Storage
Store in a dry, cool place.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size3 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container83 Amounts shown are per serving.
Sodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com is a single-ingredient powder of sodium, and it interacts with a number of medications—most significantly those that manage blood pressure.
High sodium intake can reduce how well blood pressure drugs (antihypertensives) work, potentially forcing dose increases to maintain control.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Sodium also interacts moderately with corticosteroids (which already cause the body to retain sodium), lithium (where sodium changes can swing lithium levels dangerously), didanosine (an HIV medication that's already sodium-rich), sodium phosphate bowel-prep solutions, tolvaptan (a drug used to raise low sodium), and any other sodium-containing medications. Each of these interactions carries a moderate severity rating and centers on the risk of too much sodium in your blood (hypernatremia).
Altogether, these interactions span 203 individual medications. Before you start sodium citrate, run your exact prescriptions through the checker below—especially if you take blood pressure medicine, lithium, or any HIV or corticosteroid medications.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Sodium Citrate?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Sodium Citrate interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Sodium Citrate interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium
Sodium PhenylbutyrateBuphenyl, Olpruva, Pheburane
How Sodium Phenylbutyrate interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumSodium-containing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
Read the full Sodium + Sodium Phenylbutyrate interactionSodium Phenylbutyrate, TaurursodiolRelyvrio
How Sodium Phenylbutyrate, Taurursodiol interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumSodium-containing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
Read the full Sodium + Sodium Phenylbutyrate, Taurursodiol interactionSodium Phosphate (otc Drug)Fleet Accu-Prep, Fleet Phospho-Soda
How Sodium Phosphate (otc Drug) interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumSodium Phosphates, Sodium-containing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Sodium Phosphate (otc Drug) interactionSodium Phosphate (prescription Drug)Visicol
How Sodium Phosphate (prescription Drug) interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumSodium Phosphates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Sodium Phosphate (prescription Drug) interactionSpironolactoneAldactone, Carospir, Spiroton
How Spironolactone interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Spironolactone interactionTalinololTalinolol
How Talinolol interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Talinolol interactionTelmisartanMicardis
How Telmisartan interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Telmisartan interactionTelmisartan, AmlodipineTwynsta
How Telmisartan, Amlodipine interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Telmisartan, Amlodipine interactionTerazosinHytrin, Terazosin
How Terazosin interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Terazosin interactionTimololBlocadren, Timol, Timoptic
How Timolol interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Timolol interactionTolvaptanJynarque, Samsca
How Tolvaptan interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumTolvaptan (samsca) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Tolvaptan interactionTorsemideDemadex, Soaanz
How Torsemide interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Torsemide interactionTrandolaprilMavik
How Trandolapril interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Trandolapril interactionTrandolapril, VerapamilTarka
How Trandolapril, Verapamil interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Trandolapril, Verapamil interactionTreprostinil
How Treprostinil interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Treprostinil interactionTreprostinil (inh)Tyvaso
How Treprostinil (inh) interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Treprostinil (inh) interactionTreprostinil (oral)Orenitram, Remodulin
How Treprostinil (oral) interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Treprostinil (oral) interactionTriamcinoloneAdcortyl in Orabase, Adcortyl Intra-articular / Intradermal, Aristocort, Kenacort, Kenalog Intra-articular / Intramuscular, Triesence
How Triamcinolone interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Triamcinolone interactionTriamcinolone AcetonideXipere, Zilretta
How Triamcinolone Acetonide interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Triamcinolone Acetonide interactionTriamtereneDyrenium
How Triamterene interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Triamterene interactionTrichlormethiazideAq 4B Aquazide, Marazide II, Metahydrin, Naqua
How Trichlormethiazide interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Trichlormethiazide interactionTrimethaphanArfonad
How Trimethaphan interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Trimethaphan interactionUreaUreaphil
How Urea interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Urea interactionValsartanDiovan, Prexxartan
How Valsartan interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Valsartan interactionVerapamilCalan, Calan SR, Covera HS, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Veramil +3 more
How Verapamil interacts with Sodium Citrate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Verapamil interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Sodium Citrate with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Sodium Citrate, from the product label.
BulkSupplements.com
See all BulkSupplements.com products- Name
- BulkSupplements.com
- Street Address
- 7511 Eastgate Rd
- City
- Henderson
- State
- NV
- ZipCode
- 89011
- Web Address
- BulkSupplements.com
Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com: Common Questions
Does Sodium Citrate by BulkSupplements.com interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is sodium citrate safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Will this raise my blood pressure?
How much sodium is actually in this powder?
Can I take this if I'm on lithium?
What is sodium citrate used for?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Sodium Citrate is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Sodium Citrate’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Sodium Citrate's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC