Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Sun Chlorella

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Sun Wakasa Gold Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus is a dietary supplement by Sun Chlorella with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 646 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chlorella extract, Capsicum extract, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 8 active ingredients.

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus contains 8 ingredients, including sodium, riboflavin (B2 vitamin), water, a proprietary blend, folate, chlorella extract, capsicum extract, and lemon essence. The active ingredients are sodium (an electrolyte essential in small amounts), riboflavin (a B vitamin), chlorella (a green algae), capsicum (the source of pepper's heat), and lemon essence.

Fructose and DL-malic acid are inactive ingredients (fillers).

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Chlorella Growth Factor nutritional supplement.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

The evidence supporting this product is mixed and limited. Chlorella is possibly effective for pregnancy-related iron deficiency, but the data on its other uses—including brain tumor, fatty liver disease, depression, and fatigue—is insufficient.

Capsicum is likely effective for postherpetic neuralgia (nerve pain after shingles) and diabetic neuropathy, and possibly effective for cluster headache, back pain, and nausea after surgery. Sodium and riboflavin have effectiveness ratings for certain conditions, but lemon essence and the proprietary blend lack established evidence in our data.

If you're considering this product for a specific health concern, talk with your pharmacist about what the science actually supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Riboflavin Chlorella Capsicum Lemon

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Chlorella is generally well tolerated in the short term, though quality and purity vary widely among products—safety has not been established for long-term use without medical approval. The most common side effects include allergic reactions, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and photosensitivity (sun sensitivity), especially in the first two weeks.

Anaphylaxis is rare but serious. Capsicum causes upper abdominal discomfort, gas, bloating, nausea, and anal burning; food amounts are likely safe, but concentrated supplements are not well studied.

Riboflavin is very safe; excess is removed in urine, though high doses can cause nausea and bright yellow urine. Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain—normal dietary amounts are fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Pregnancy and lactation safety data are not on file for chlorella and capsicum, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Riboflavin Chlorella Capsicum Lemon

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lemon, Chlorella, Capsicum, Riboflavin, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 646 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before taking this product if you're on blood pressure medications, blood thinners (especially warfarin), diabetes drugs, lithium, tetracycline antibiotics, theophylline, aspirin, ciprofloxacin, ACE inhibitors, antifungals like itraconazole, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphate, or tolvaptan. Also mention if you take any drugs that make your skin sensitive to sunlight (photosensitizing drugs).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus has several important medication interactions, especially with blood pressure drugs, blood thinners, diabetes medications, and lithium. If you take any prescription medications, check them against the interaction tool on this page before starting.

Even if you're not on medications, chlorella quality varies widely and long-term safety is not established, so this is not a product to take regularly without medical guidance.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Sun Wakasa Gold Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Sun Chlorella
Barcode (UPC) 029918013131
Net contents 500 mL; 17 fl. Oz.
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2017
DSLD ID 75745
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.5 fl. Oz.
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.5 fl. Oz.
Servings per container
34
UPC/BARCODE
029918013131
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates2 Gram(s)1%
Sugar2 Gram(s)--
Sodium25 mg1%
Riboflavin0.1 mg3%
Water0 NP--
Proprietary Blend13.9 Gram(s)--
Folate12 mcg3%
Chlorella extract0 NP--
Capsicum extract0 NP--
Lemon essence0 NP--

Other ingredients: Fructose, DL-Malic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

How to use the specially sedigned cap to prevent dripping 1 Remove the twist-off cap (turning in a counter-clockwise motion) and discard. 2 Replace with enclosed flip-top cap (turning in a clockwise motion). Enjoy easy opening and closing while the flip-top cap keeps the bottle clean!

Serving Suggestions Shake well before each use. The suggested daily serving is 1/2 fl. oz., which is the middle line on the enclosed measuring cup. Store in a cool, dry place until opened. After opening, reseal with the cap and refrigerate. Use within 45 days after opening.

FDA Statement of Identity

Chlorella Growth Factor Supplement

Seals/Symbols

GMP

Gf Certified Gluten-free

General Statements

No artificial preservatives (US patent no. 8,187,641)

Product of Japan

This product was manufactured at a certified factory that meets the dietary/food supplement Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards of the Japan Health Food and Nutrition Food Association.

Box contains 80% recycled paper.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place until opened. After opening, reseal with the cap and refrigerate.

Refrigerate after opening

General

SU4-2S

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.5 fl. Oz. Dosage formLiquid Servings per container34 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

2 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
25 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Riboflavin

Interacts with
20 drugs
0.1 mg per serving

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...

Riboflavin monograph & interactions

Water

0 NP per serving

Proprietary Blend

13.9 Gram(s) per serving

Folate

12 mcg per serving

Chlorella extract

Interacts with
337 drugs
0 NP per serving

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies sugges...

Chlorella extract monograph & interactions

Capsicum extract

Interacts with
239 drugs
0 NP per serving

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin p...

Capsicum extract monograph & interactions

Lemon essence

Interacts with
1 drug
0 NP per serving

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it...

Lemon essence monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Fructose, DL-Malic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Sun Wakasa Gold Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
646Drugs
645 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Chlorella extract 337
Capsicum extract 239
Sodium 205
Riboflavin 20
Lemon essence 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Sun Wakasa Gold Plus interact with 646 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 9 ingredients in Sun Wakasa Gold Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chlorella extract Capsicum extract Sodium Riboflavin Lemon essence

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Sun Wakasa Gold Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Chlorella extract2 drug types · 337 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Chlorella has been reported to cause photosensitization. In five case reports, patients who had ingested chlorella exhibited swelling followed by erythematopurpuric lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body. Theoretically, concomitant use with photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Chlorella contains significant amounts of vitamin K. There is at least one case report of warfarin therapy becoming sub-therapeutic after initiation of chlorella supplements.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chlorella extract full monograph & interactions

Capsicum extract6 drug types · 239 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Capsicum extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Riboflavin1 drug type · 20 drugs

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Riboflavin full monograph & interactions

Lemon essence1 drug type · 1 drug

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Theoretically, taking itraconazole capsules or tablets with a beverage containing lemon might increase the levels and clinical effects of itraconazole.
In one case report, dissolving itraconazole tablets in a small amount of specific beverages containing lemon prior to administration increased the level of itraconazole in a lung transplant patient. In this case, the increased bioavailability was desirable and was likely due to improved tablet dissolution in the acidic beverage.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon essence full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Sun Wakasa Gold Plus, from the product label.

Sun Chlorella

See all Sun Chlorella products
Name
SUN CHLORELLA CORP.
State
Kyoto
ZipCode
600-8177
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella: Common Questions

Does Sun Wakasa Gold Plus by Sun Chlorella interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Sun Wakasa Gold Plus has a known interaction with 646 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Sun Wakasa Gold Plus contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is chlorella, and why is it in this product?
Chlorella is a green algae that's the main active ingredient here. It's possibly effective for pregnancy-related iron deficiency, but the evidence for other uses—like boosting energy or supporting liver health—is insufficient.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Sodium is rated likely safe during pregnancy, but riboflavin's rating during lactation is likely safe at recommended amounts—check with your provider about higher doses. Safety data for chlorella and capsicum are not on file, so talk with your doctor before using this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Will this cause side effects?
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal—nausea, gas, bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping, especially in the first two weeks. Chlorella can also cause photosensitivity (sun sensitivity on your skin), and high-dose riboflavin may turn your urine bright yellow.
Is it safe to take long-term?
Chlorella is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety has not been established, and product purity varies widely. Don't take this regularly without medical approval.
Does this product work for low energy or fatigue?
Chlorella is promoted for fatigue, but the evidence is insufficient—we don't have solid data showing it works for that.
Why does this product contain sodium, and is that too much?
Sodium is an essential electrolyte, but a normal dietary amount is fine; avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. If you take blood pressure medications or lithium, talk with your pharmacist first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Sun Wakasa Gold Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Riboflavin

Interacts with 20 drugs

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...

Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorella

Interacts with 337 drugs

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies suggest possible benefits for cholesterol, blo...

Read the full Chlorella monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Capsicum

Interacts with 239 drugs

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...

Read the full Capsicum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon

Interacts with 1 drug

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it can support hydration and a healthy diet...

Read the full Lemon monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Sun Wakasa Gold Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 147 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
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Chlorella 13 references
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Capsicum 89 references
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Lemon 2 references
  1. Ruggenenti P, Caruso MR, Cortinovis M, et al. Fresh lemon juice supplementation for the prevention of recurrent stones in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: A pragmatic, prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021;4 PubMed
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