Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Onnit

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor is a dietary supplement by Onnit with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 943 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Beet, Fermented, Sodium, L-Citrulline DL-Malate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (5.87 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest contains 8 ingredients, including sodium, a proprietary blend with fermented beet, L-citrulline DL-malate, acerola cherry extract, and three other components (Oxyphyte listed twice and Careflow Mango Fruit Powder). The active ingredients work toward nitric oxide production and blood-vessel function—sodium and L-citrulline support vasodilation, while fermented beet adds dietary nitrates and acerola provides vitamin C.

The inactive ingredients are natural flavors, silicon dioxide, and rebaudioside A (a sugar substitute).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: exercise performance and blood flow support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle strength, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: L-citrulline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.

Fermented beet in this product is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness based on the evidence we hold. L-citrulline is also possibly effective for athletic performance.

Acerola cherry extract is possibly effective for vitamin C deficiency. For other claims about this product—cardiovascular health, heart function, COPD—the evidence is either insufficient or suggests the ingredient may not work.

We have no effectiveness data on file for sodium, Oxyphyte, NO3-T, or Careflow Mango Fruit Powder.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beet Acerola L-citrulline

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but high intakes are linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. The safety notes advise against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

L-citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn have been reported; long-term safety is not fully studied. Fermented beet is generally well tolerated as a food; concentrated supplements lack robust safety data.

Common side effects from beet include red or dark-colored stools (harmless). Acerola is generally safe at food amounts; concentrated supplements are less well studied.

One rare case report linked acerola to an allergic reaction in someone with latex sensitivity.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beet Acerola L-citrulline

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Acerola, L-citrulline, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; cancer treatments; lithium.
  • For scale: 944 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check your exact medications if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil, lithium, corticosteroids, warfarin, or aspirin. Also check if you're on didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, chemotherapy drugs (alkylating agents or antitumor antibiotics), estrogen therapy, or aluminum salts.

Sodium's interactions are the most extensive; L-citrulline and beet's enzyme effects could raise levels of many other drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is marketed for athletic performance and nitric oxide support. If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, blood thinners, chemotherapy, estrogen therapy, or any other regular medication, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting—the sodium and L-citrulline could interact with these.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: L-citrulline safety data is insufficient, so avoid during both; sodium and beet data is limited; check with your healthcare provider.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Onnit
Barcode (UPC) 819444016023
Net contents 8.32 Ounce(s); 236 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2025
DSLD ID 321562
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
11.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
11.8 Gram(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
819444016023
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories35 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Sodium110 mg5%
Proprietary Blend5.87 Gram(s)--
Protein4 Gram(s)--
Beet, Fermented0 NP--
Oxyphyte0 NP--
Oxyphyte0 NP--
L-Citrulline DL-Malate3 Gram(s)--
NO3-T1.4 Gram(s)--
Acerola Cherry Extract0 NP--
Careflow Mango fruit Powder100 mg--

Other ingredients: Natural Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Rebaudioside A

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a naturally-occurring compound, synthesized in the body from the amino acid arginine. No supports exercise performance by promoting blood flow to working muscles, helping to deliver nutrients and oxygen while shuttling metabolic wastes away. This mango fruit powder helps circulation via eNOS activation, aiding in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to working tissue. Derived from fruits, this blend of polyphenols has a high capacity for supporting cellular integrity.

Formulated to help support Performance & pump

Brand IP Statement(s)

Careflow Oxyphyte

No3-T Nitrate Technology no3-t.com/patents

Careflow is a trademark of Vital Solutions GmbH , Germany. OxyPhyte is a registered trademark of RFI, LLC. No3-T is a registered trademark of ThermoLife International, LLC www.NO3-T.com/patents

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Adults, as a dietary supplement, take one serving (one scoop) mixed with eight ounces of water or your favorite beverage up to two times daily.

Precautions

Consult a medical doctor before taking this or any other nutritional supplement if you are pregnant, nursing, have or suspect a medical condition, or taking any medications. Do not use if you are currently taking nitrates for chest pain or if you are taking medication to treat erectile dysfunction such as PDE-5 inhibitors.

Do not use if freshness seal is missing or broken.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Product is packaged by weight not volume, some setting may occur.

Seals/Symbols

Informed Sport We Test - You Trust

Formula

Total Nitric Oxide with citrulline, arginine & beet

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size11.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
110 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Proprietary Blend

5.87 Gram(s) per serving

Protein

4 Gram(s) per serving

L-Citrulline DL-Malate

Interacts with
178 drugs
3 Gram(s) per serving

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...

L-Citrulline DL-Malate monograph & interactions

NO3-T

1.4 Gram(s) per serving Form: Arginine Nitrate

Careflow Mango fruit Powder

100 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Rebaudioside A. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
943Drugs
836 Moderate 107 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Beet, Fermented3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

L-Citrulline DL-Malate2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Acerola Cherry Extract6 drug types · 128 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as alkylating agents. In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make alkylating chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of acerola might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
Acerola contains vitamin C, an antioxidant. There is concern that antioxidants might reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as antitumor antibiotics. In contrast, other researchers theorize that antioxidants might make antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on antitumor antibiotic chemotherapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aluminum

Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with aluminum salts might increase the amount of aluminum absorbed.
Acerola contains vitamin C. It is thought that vitamin C chelates aluminum, keeping it in solution and available for absorption. In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum likely increases, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely. However, patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds, such as phosphate binders, should avoid acerola in doses that provide more vitamin C than the recommended dietary allowances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, acerola might reduce the clearance of aspirin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C can decrease the urinary excretion of salicylates, increasing plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion. The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and aspirin is unlikely.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of acerola with estrogens might increase estrogenic effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% have occurred under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products. It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall. When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. However, increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when women who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acerola might reduce the effectiveness of warfarin; however, its vitamin C content is likely too low to produce clinically significant effects.
Acerola contains vitamin C. High doses of vitamin C may reduce the response to warfarin, possibly by causing diarrhea and reducing warfarin absorption. This occurred in two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C, and resulted in decreased prothrombin time. Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily of vitamin C can also reduce warfarin absorption, but this does not seem to be clinically significant. The vitamin C content of acerola is typically about 2000 mg per 100 grams. Thus, a clinically significant interaction between acerola and warfarin is unlikely.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor, from the product label.

Onnit

See all Onnit products
Name
Onnit Labs, Inc.
City
Austin
State
Texas
ZipCode
78744
Phone Number
(855) 666-4899
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit: Common Questions

Does Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor by Onnit interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor has a known interaction with 943 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have any fillers or other inactive ingredients?
Yes. The inactive ingredients are natural flavors, silicon dioxide, and rebaudioside A (a sugar substitute from stevia). These are standard excipients—not active compounds, just the materials that help form and flavor the powder.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
L-citrulline safety data is insufficient for pregnancy and breastfeeding—the facts advise against supplemental use during both. Sodium is listed as likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe in lactation; beet and acerola have no pregnancy or breastfeeding data on file. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What does the fermented beet do in this product?
Beet is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness. It contains nitrates and betanin, compounds that support blood-vessel relaxation and blood flow—which is why it's in a nitric oxide product. As a food, beet is generally well tolerated, though concentrated supplements lack robust safety data.
What are the most common side effects?
L-citrulline may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or heartburn. Fermented beet commonly causes red or dark-colored stools, which is harmless. Acerola at high doses can cause diarrhea and stomach upset, though this powder likely contains modest amounts.
Is this product safe to take long-term?
L-citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but long-term safety hasn't been fully studied. Sodium at high intakes is linked to heart and kidney problems over time, so the safety notes advise against sodium supplements without medical guidance. Talk to your pharmacist if you plan extended use.
What is Oxyphyte?
Oxyphyte is listed in this product (twice), but we hold no interaction or safety data for it. We cannot check how it interacts with medications or what its role is. Ask the manufacturer or your pharmacist what this ingredient is and why it's included.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Total Nitric Oxide Harvest Fruit Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 80 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
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  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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