Vegan K2 + D3 Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by NATURELO Premium Supplements
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Vegan K2 + D3 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Vegan K2 + D3 is a dietary supplement by NATURELO Premium Supplements with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis, correcting vitamin d deficiency, immune system support.Based on those ingredients, 1,029 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D3, Kiwi, Broccoli. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Vegan K2 + D3 contains 8 ingredients, including two stand-out actives: Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3. The formula rounds out with whole-food sources — organic kale, broccoli, spinach, kiwi, avocado, and Swiss chard — plus an organic whole food blend.
There's one inactive ingredient, hypromellose, a capsule material. The product leans on plant-based nutrients rather than synthetic isolates, though the exact amount of K2 and D3 per serving isn't listed in the facts on file.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Vitamin D3 is well-established for treating vitamin D deficiency and related bone disorders like rickets and osteomalacia. Vitamin K2 is effective for managing vitamin K deficiency and supporting clotting function.
Beyond those clinical uses, the effectiveness of these ingredients for other conditions — and the effectiveness of the whole-food ingredients in this formula — has insufficient reliable evidence in our data. Avocado is possibly effective for high cholesterol, but the evidence for broccoli, kale, spinach, and kiwi for their marketed uses remains unproven.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin D3 and the whole-food ingredients — kale, broccoli, spinach, avocado, and kiwi — are generally well tolerated in normal amounts. Vitamin D is safe at recommended doses but can cause toxicity if taken in very high amounts over time; symptoms include abnormally high calcium levels.
Broccoli and kiwi concentrates are less studied than their food forms. Kiwi can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, including swelling of the lips and throat, hives, or rarely, anaphylaxis.
Avocado rarely causes severe allergic reactions in people with latex sensitivity or a delayed food-sensitivity reaction (FPIES) with vomiting and diarrhea. Vitamin K2 causes mild gastrointestinal upset — nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea — in some people.
For pregnancy and breastfeeding, dietary amounts of kale, broccoli, spinach, avocado, and vitamin K2 are considered likely safe; concentrated supplements of these ingredients have less safety data. Vitamin D3 is often used in pregnancy at recommended doses but should be taken only under your doctor's guidance.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you're on: warfarin or other blood thinners (Major severity — vitamin K2 opposes warfarin directly; Moderate for spinach, kiwi, and avocado); thiazide diuretics, verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin, or atorvastatin (Moderate — vitamin D3 at high doses poses risks); antidiabetes or antihypertensive drugs (Moderate — spinach and kiwi may amplify effects); or drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 enzymes (Moderate — broccoli may reduce their effectiveness). Use the medication search tool on this page to verify your exact medications.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take warfarin or other blood thinners, this product is not for you — the vitamin K2 will interfere directly with how your medication works. If you're on diabetes drugs, blood pressure medication, heart rhythm drugs, or cholesterol medication, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, as several ingredients may amplify or reduce their effects.
For healthy people with no medications, this formula offers clinically proven D3 and K2 plus whole-food support, though concentrated forms of the vegetables have less safety data than their food equivalents.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 16, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Vegan K2 + D3, straight from the product label.
| Brand | NATURELO Premium Supplements |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | X002L0NMUN |
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 16, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 262832 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| organic Kale | 0 NP | -- |
| Broccoli | 0 NP | -- |
| Spinach | 0 NP | -- |
| Vitamin D3 | 125 mcg | 625% |
| Kiwi | 0 NP | -- |
| Organic Whole Food Blend | 30 mg | -- |
| Swiss Chard | 0 NP | -- |
| Avocado | 0 NP | -- |
| Vitamin K2 | 120 mcg | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula
3-in-1 Plant-Based Formula 1. Vitamin D3 from Lichen - the only sustainable, plant-based source 2. Vitamin K2 from Chickpeas as MK-7, the most bioavailable form of K2 3. Whole Food blend of organic fruits & veggies including avocado, spinach, broccoli, and swiss chard. These foods typically contain naturally-occurring Vitamin K
Vegan K2 + D3 from chickpeas & lichen
Formulation
3. Whole Food blend of organic fruits & Veggies including avocado, spinach, broccoli, and swiss chard. These foods typically contain naturally-occurring Vitamin K
No GMOs No soy No gluten
Vegan friendly
No coloring, preservatives or flavoring
3-in-1 formula
Formulated to support immune, bone, & heart health
Does not contain GMOs, soy, gluten, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, peanuts, or preservatives.
Suitable for vegans and vegetarians.
Precautions
Caution: Keep out of reach of children.
As with any dietary supplement, if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medication, consult your doctor before using this product.
Do not use if safety seal under the lid is broken or missing.
Storage
Store in a cool dry place.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
General Statements
Vitamin Angels Proud Supporter
Seals/Symbols
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice Consistent Quality
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Adults take one (1) capsule per day with a meal and a glass of water.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements
These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin D3
Interacts with715 drugs
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...
Vitamin D3 monograph & interactionsOrganic Whole Food Blend
- › Organic Kale
- › Broccoli
- › Spinach
- › Kiwi
- › Swiss Chard
- › Avocado
Vitamin K2
Interacts with2 drugs
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but suppl...
Vitamin K2 monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
NATURELO Premium Supplements' Vegan K2 + D3 does interact with a number of medications.
The most serious concern is Vitamin K2, which can reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin — a blood thinner used to prevent clots. If you take warfarin, you'll need to avoid this product or work closely with your doctor, as vitamin K directly opposes how the drug works.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Broccoli in this formula may reduce the effectiveness of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 enzymes (affecting how your body breaks down certain medications). Spinach can interfere with warfarin as well and may amplify the blood-sugar-lowering effect of diabetes medications.
Vitamin D3 is a concern at higher doses with thiazide diuretics (water pills for blood pressure), heart rhythm drugs like verapamil and diltiazem, digoxin, and cholesterol medications like atorvastatin — it can raise calcium levels or reduce drug absorption. Kiwi may lower blood pressure further if you're already on blood pressure medication and can increase bleeding risk with blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin.
Avocado also has one documented case of opposing warfarin's effects.
Organic Kale and Spinach have no documented interactions in our data. We could not check Swiss Chard.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,017 individual medications. Use the medication checker on this page to verify your exact drugs before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Vegan K2 + D3?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Vegan K2 + D3 interact with 1,029 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 8 ingredients in Vegan K2 + D3 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D3 Kiwi Broccoli Spinach Avocado Vitamin K2
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin K2Warfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Read the full Vitamin K2 + Warfarin interactionSpinachWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Read the full Spinach + Warfarin interactionAvocadoWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full Avocado + Warfarin interactionKiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Warfarin interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Warfarin interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin K2Warfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Read the full Vitamin K2 + Warfarin Sodium interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Warfarin Sodium interactionSpinachWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Read the full Spinach + Warfarin Sodium interactionAvocadoWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full Avocado + Warfarin Sodium interactionKiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Warfarin Sodium interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Warfarin Sodium interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SpinachAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects.
Read the full Spinach + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that consuming kiwi reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
Read the full Kiwi + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
KiwiAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation.
Read the full Kiwi + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Vegan K2 + D3 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionVitamin D3Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D3 + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Vegan K2 + D3 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin D3
Aluminum
Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)
Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.
Thiazide Diuretics
Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.
Verapamil (Calan, Others)
Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.
Kiwi
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation. Theoretically, kiwi might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Clinical research suggests that consuming kiwi reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Theoretically, concomitant use of kiwi and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension when used in combination with drugs that lower blood pressure. These include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
Broccoli
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Spinach
Antidiabetes Drugs
There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects. Evidence from clinical research suggests that consumption of a spinach-rich meal reduces post-meal blood glucose levels. Theoretically, spinach might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
In human research, although eating spinach with one meal does not result in coagulation test results outside the therapeutic range, daily consumption for one week necessitates dose adjustment of warfarin. Individuals using anticoagulants should consume a consistent daily amount of spinach to maintain the effect of anticoagulant therapy.
Avocado
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin; however, there has been only one case report of this interaction.
Vitamin K2
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin. Excessive vitamin K intake, either from supplements or from changes in the diet, can reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Vegan K2 + D3, from the product label.
NATURELO Premium Supplements
See all NATURELO Premium Supplements products- Name
- NATURELO Premium Supplements
- City
- Bridgewater
- State
- NJ
- ZipCode
- 08807
- Phone Number
- 1.800.560.8550
- Web Address
- www.naturelo.com
Vegan K2 + D3 by NATURELO Premium Supplements: Common Questions
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Will this supplement make my vitamin D levels too high?
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Vegan K2 + D3’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin D
Interacts with 715 drugsVitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...
Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monographKale
Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy for most people, but it is a whole food...
Read the full Kale monograph → Herb & supplement monographBroccoli
Interacts with 187 drugsBroccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...
Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monographSpinach
Interacts with 88 drugsSpinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...
Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monographKiwi
Interacts with 289 drugsKiwi is a nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and it is generally safe to eat as a food. The strongest evidence is for helping with constipation and overall...
Read the full Kiwi monograph → Herb & supplement monographAvocado
Interacts with 2 drugsAvocado is a nutritious fruit rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, fiber, and potassium, and eating it as part of a balanced diet may support heart health. A specific extract called avocado...
Read the full Avocado monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin K
Interacts with 2 drugsVitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are sometimes used for deficiency...
Read the full Vitamin K monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Vegan K2 + D3's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 92 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Kale 2 references
Broccoli 5 references
- Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9. PubMed
- Chakrabarti A, Prais L, Foulds IS. Allergic contact dermatitis to broccoli. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:172-3. PubMed
- Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15. PubMed
- Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. Effects of dietary broccoli on human drug metabolising activity. Cancer Lett. 1997;114(1-2):169-70. PubMed
- Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed
Spinach 6 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Karlson, B., Leijd, B., and Hellstrom, K. On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment. Acta Med Scand. 1986;220(4):347-350. PubMed
- Roller, E., Meller, S., Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., and Neumann, N. J. [Contact dermatitis caused by spinach, hedge mustard and chives]. Hautarzt 2003;54(4):374-375.
- Schuller, A., Morisset, M., Maadi, F., Kolopp Sarda, M. N., Fremont, S., Parisot, L., Kanny, G., and Moneret-Vautrin, D. A. Occupational asthma due to allergy to spinach powder in a pasta factory. Allergy 2005;60(3):408-409. PubMed
- Gustafsson, K., Asp, N. G., Hagander, B., and Nyman, M. Satiety effects of spinach in mixed meals: comparison with other vegetables. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 1995;46(4):327-334. PubMed
- Schreiber, J., Muller, E., Becker, W. M., Zabel, P., Schlaak, M., and Amthor, M. [Spinach powder-induced exogenous allergic alveolitis]. Pneumologie 1998;52(1):61-65.
Vitamin D 26 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
- Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
- Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
- Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
- Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
- Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
- Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
- Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
- Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
- Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
- Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
- Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
- Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
- Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
- Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
- Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
- Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
- Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
- Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
- Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
- Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
- Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
- Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
- Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
- Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed
Kiwi 32 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Diez-Gomez ML, Quirce S, Aragoneses E, Cuevas M. Asthma caused by Ficus benjamina latex: evidence of cross-reactivity with fig fruit and papain. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998;80:24-30.
- Forastiere F, Pistelli R, Sestini P, et al. Consumption of fresh fruit rich in vitamin C and wheezing symptoms in children. Thorax 2000;55:283-8. DOI
- Carey IM, Strachan DP, Cook DG. Effects of changes in fresh fruit consumption on ventilatory function in healthy British adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:728-33. PubMed
- Schwartz J, Weiss ST. Relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:110-4. PubMed
- Butland BK, Fehily AM, Elwood PC. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax 2000;55:102-8. PubMed
- Troisi RJ, Willett WC, Weiss ST, et al. A prospective study of diet and adult-onset asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1401-8. PubMed
- Blanco C, Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, et al. Class I chitinases as potential panallergens involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3 Pt 1):507-13. PubMed
- Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, Blanco C, et al. Cross-reactions in the latex-fruit syndrome: A relevant role of chitinases but not of complex asparagine-linked glycans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:681-7. PubMed
- Rance, F. and Dutau, G. Labial food challenge in children with food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1997;8(1):41-44. PubMed
- Kim, K. T. and Hussain, H. Prevalence of food allergy in 137 latex-allergic patients. Allergy Asthma Proc 1999;20(2):95-97. PubMed
- Ishida, T., Murai, K., Yasuda, T., Satou, T., Sejima, T., and Kitamura, K. [Oral allergy syndrome in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2000;103(3):199-205. PubMed
- Lucas, J. S., Lewis, S. A., and Hourihane, J. O. Kiwi fruit allergy: a review. Pediatr.Allergy Immunol. 2003;14(6):420-428. PubMed
- Eriksson, N. E., Moller, C., Werner, S., Magnusson, J., Bengtsson, U., and Zolubas, M. Self-reported food hypersensitivity in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania, and Russia. J Investig.Allergol.Clin Immunol. 2004;14(1):70-79.
- Lucas, J. S., Grimshaw, K. E., Collins, K., Warner, J. O., and Hourihane, J. O. Kiwi fruit is a significant allergen and is associated with differing patterns of reactivity in children and adults. Clin.Exp.Allergy 2004;34(7):1115-1121. PubMed
- Hemmer, W., Focke, M., Gotz, M., and Jarisch, R. Sensitization to Ficus benjamina: relationship to natural rubber latex allergy and identification of foods implicated in the Ficus-fruit syndrome. Clin.Exp.Allergy 2004;34(8):1251-1258.
- Duttaroy, A. K. and Jorgensen, A. Effects of kiwi fruit consumption on platelet aggregation and plasma lipids in healthy human volunteers. Platelets. 2004;15(5):287-292. PubMed
- Chan, A. O., Leung, G., Tong, T., and Wong, N. Y. Increasing dietary fiber intake in terms of kiwifruit improves constipation in Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol. 9-21-2007;13(35):4771-4775. PubMed
- Chang, C. C., Lin, Y. T., Lu, Y. T., Liu, Y. S., and Liu, J. F. Kiwifruit improves bowel function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Asia Pac.J Clin.Nutr. 2010;19(4):451-457.
- Brevik, A., Gaivao, I., Medin, T., Jorgenesen, A., Piasek, A., Elilasson, J., Karlsen, A., Blomhoff, R., Veggan, T., Duttaroy, A. K., and Collins, A. R. Supplementation of a western diet with golden kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis var.'Hort 16A':) effect
- Veraldi, S. and Schianchi-Veraldi, R. Contact urticaria from kiwi fruit. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22(4):244. PubMed
- Garcia, B. E., de la Cuesta, C. G., Santos, F., Feliu, X., and Cordoba, H. A rare case of food allergy: monosensitivity to kiwi (Actinidia chinensis). Allergol.Immunopathol.(Madr.) 1989;17(4):217-218.
- Falliers, C. J. Anaphylaxis to Kiwi fruit and related "exoti"" items. J.Asthma 1983;20(3):193-196.
- Shimizu, T. and Morikawa, A. Anaphylaxis to kiwi fruit in a 12-year-old boy. J.Asthma 1995;32(2):159-160. PubMed
- Novembre, E., Bernardini, R., Bertini, G., Massai, G., and Vierucci, A. Skin-prick-test-induced anaphylaxis. Allergy 1995;50(6):511-513. PubMed
- Castillo, R., Delgado, J., Quiralte, J., Blanco, C., and Carrillo, T. Food hypersensitivity among adult patients: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Allergol.Immunopathol.(Madr.) 1996;24(3):93-97.
- Rademaker, M. Allergic contact dermatitis from kiwi fruit vine (actinidia chinensis). Contact Dermatitis 1996;34(3):221-222. PubMed
- Gastaminza, G., Bernaola, G., and Camino, M. E. Acute pancreatitis caused by allergy to kiwi fruit. Allergy 1998;53(11):1104-1105. PubMed
- Svendsen, M., Klemsdal, T. O., Heggen, E., Holme, I., Pedersen, T. R., Seljeflot, I., Blomhoff, R., and Tonstad, S. Effect of Dietary Intake of Kiwi Fruit on 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure (Abstract 16175). Circulation 2011;
- Eady SL, Wallace AJ, Hedderley DI, Bentley-Hewitt KL, Butts CA. The effects on immune function and digestive health of consuming the skin and flesh of Zespri SunGold Kiwifruit (Actinidia Chinensis var. Chinensis 'Zesy002') in healthy and IBS-constipated i
- Gabrielli S, Clarke AE, Morris J, et al. Fruit-induced anaphylaxis: clinical presentation and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021;9(7):2825-30. PubMed
- Ukleja-Sokolowska N, Zacniewski R, Lis K, Zbikowska-Gotz M, Kuzminski A, Bartuzi Z. Exercise induced anaphylaxis in kiwi allergic patient: case report. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021;17(1):91. PubMed
Avocado 10 references
- Blickstein D, Shaklai M, Inbal A. Warfarin antagonism by avocado. Lancet 1991;337:914-5. PubMed
- Blanco C, Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, et al. Class I chitinases as potential panallergens involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3 Pt 1):507-13. PubMed
- Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, Blanco C, et al. Cross-reactions in the latex-fruit syndrome: A relevant role of chitinases but not of complex asparagine-linked glycans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:681-7. PubMed
- Stucker M, Memmel U, Hoffmann M, et al. Vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis. Dermatology 2001;203:141-7.
- Ahlroth, M., Alenius, H., Turjanmaa, K., Makinen-Kiljunen, S., Reunala, T., and Palosuo, T. Cross-reacting allergens in natural rubber latex and avocado. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1995;96(2):167-173. PubMed
- de Groot, A. C., van der Meeren, H. L., and Weyland, J. W. Contact allergy to avocado oil in a sunscreen. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16(2):108-109. PubMed
- Blanco, C., Carrillo, T., Castillo, R., Quiralte, J., and Cuevas, M. Avocado hypersensitivity. Allergy 1994;49(6):454-459. PubMed
- Crisi, G. and Belsito, D. V. Contact urticaria from latex in a patient with immediate hypersensitivity to banana, avocado and peach. Contact Dermatitis 1993;28(4):247-248.
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Vitamin K 11 references
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- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, et al. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(5):293-300. PubMed
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