Anakinra
Anakinra is a biologic medication used to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis, Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), and a rare genetic condition called Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA).
🧬 Where this information comes from Click to expand
The clinical label records used on this page are FDA-filed Structured Product Labeling (SPL) retrieved through openFDA. We identified 1 clinical label set within the page’s selected clinical scope after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching. Forms, routes, brands, labelers, strengths, and NDC product-record counts are built separately from matching FDA National Drug Code Directory records. The linked DailyMed document is a representative official source for verification, not the page’s only clinical source. View the linked label on DailyMed →
How we combine label and product data →
Anakinra (Kineret) is a daily biologic injection that calms inflammation by blocking interleukin-1, a protein that drives it, at its receptor; on the market since about 2001, it is used less often for rheumatoid arthritis than other biologics but is a key treatment for NOMID and DIRA, two rare genetic inflammatory diseases. Most people tolerate it well, and what they notice most is redness, swelling or soreness where they inject. The real risk is serious infection, so it is not started during an active infection or combined with a TNF blocker like adalimumab. Expect blood tests for neutrophils (infection-fighting white blood cells), monthly at first, then every three months.
Clinical pearls
- Live vaccines are off limits while on anakinra, so mention it before any shot and ideally catch up on vaccines beforehand.
- Rotate injection sites every time, since long-term injections into one spot have been linked to amyloid (protein) deposits and lumps.
- Severe kidney disease or dialysis can change the injection schedule, so make sure your prescriber knows about your kidney function.
- A tuberculosis check comes before the first dose, because blocking interleukin-1 can let a hidden TB infection become active.
Patient information guide — a plain-language walkthrough of Anakinra, written from its FDA label.
What Anakinra is used for
▾
Anakinra is a biologic medicine that targets a key driver of inflammation called interleukin-1 (IL-1). It is currently available as Kineret injection and is approved for three conditions:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Kineret injection is used in adults (18 and older) with moderately to severely active RA who have not had enough benefit from at least one disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It reduces symptoms and slows structural joint damage.
- Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID): Kineret injection treats this rare, severe inflammatory condition that is part of the Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) family. It is approved for use in pediatric patients.
- Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA): Kineret injection treats this rare inherited disease where the body lacks a natural protein that keeps IL-1 inflammation in check, leading to widespread skin and bone inflammation.
How Anakinra works
▾
Your immune system uses a signaling protein called interleukin-1 (IL-1) to trigger inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, NOMID, and DIRA, IL-1 activity goes into overdrive — breaking down cartilage, eroding bone, and causing widespread inflammation. Anakinra is a man-made version of a protein your body naturally produces to keep IL-1 in check. It works by attaching to the IL-1 receptor and blocking both forms of IL-1 (alpha and beta) from delivering their inflammatory signal. This helps calm the immune response and protect joints and other tissues from ongoing damage.
In DIRA specifically, patients are born without the ability to produce this natural blocking protein, so anakinra directly replaces what is missing and restores the balance.
Anakinra dosage
▾
Anakinra (Kineret) is given as an injection under the skin (subcutaneous injection) and is generally taken once daily. For rheumatoid arthritis, the dose is given at approximately the same time every day. For NOMID and DIRA, the dose is adjusted based on body weight and disease activity and may occasionally be split into twice-daily injections. Patients with severe kidney disease or end-stage renal disease may be advised to inject every other day instead of daily.
- Always use a new syringe for each dose and discard any unused portion
- Rotate injection sites each time to protect the skin
- Follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions — do not adjust your dose on your own
Dosing details from the FDA-approved label
From the Anakinra prescribing information (“Dosage and Administration”). Doses are set by your prescriber for your product, condition, kidney function and age — never change a dose on your own.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- 100 mg/day administered daily by subcutaneous injection, at approximately the same time every day
- Consider 100 mg every other day for severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)
- Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) - NOMID patients
- Starting dose 1-2 mg/kg daily
- Adjust in 0.5 to 1 mg/kg increments
- Once daily administration generally recommended, but the dose may be split into twice daily administrations
- Maximum: 8 mg/kg daily
- Consider the prescribed dose every other day for severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)
- Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA)
- Starting dose 1-2 mg/kg daily
- Adjust in 0.5 to 1 mg/kg increments
- Maximum: 8 mg/kg daily
- Consider the prescribed dose every other day for severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)
Read the label’s full dosing text
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) The recommended dose of KINERET for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 100 mg/day administered daily by subcutaneous injection. The dose should be administered at approximately the same time every day ( 2.1 ) Physicians should consider a dose of 100 mg of KINERET administered every other day for RA patients who have severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (defined as creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min, as estimated from serum creatinine levels) ( 2.4 ) Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) The recommended starting dose of KINERET is 1-2 mg/kg daily for NOMID patients. The dose can be individually adjusted to a maximum of 8 mg/kg daily to control active inflammation. ( 2.2 ) Physicians should consider administration of the prescribed KINERET dose every other day for NOMID patients who have severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (defined as creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min, as estimated from serum creatinine levels) ( 2.4 ) Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) The recommended starting dose of KINERET is 1-2 mg/kg daily for patients with DIRA. The dose can be individually adjusted to a maximum of 8 mg/kg daily to control active inflammation. ( 2.3 ) Physicians should consider administration of the prescribed KINERET dose every other day for patients with DIRA who have severe renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease (defined as creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min, as estimated from serum creatinine levels) ( 2.4 ) See full prescribing information for administration instructions ( 2.4 ) 2.1 Active Rheumatoid Arthritis The recommended dose of KINERET for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 100 mg/day administered daily by subcutaneous injection. Higher doses did not result in a higher response. The dose should be administered at approximately the same time every day. 2.2 Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) The recommended starting dose of KINERET is 1-2 mg/kg for NOMID patients. The dose can be individually adjusted to a maximum of 8 mg/kg daily to control active inflammation. Adjust doses in 0.5 to 1 mg/kg increments. Once daily administration is generally recommended, but the dose may be split into twice daily administrations. Each syringe is intended for a single use.
Excerpted — the section continues on the label. Read the full Dosage and Administration section on DailyMed →
Anakinra side effects
▾
Common side effects
- Injection site reactions (redness, bruising, swelling, or pain at the injection site)
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Headache
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Sinusitis
- Flu-like symptoms
- Fever (pyrexia)
When to get medical help
- Signs of serious infection — fever, chills, persistent cough, or unusual wounds — call your doctor right away
- Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction — swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, or severe skin rash — get emergency help immediately
- Low white blood cell count (neutropenia) — increased infections, mouth sores, or unusual fatigue; your doctor will monitor your blood counts regularly
- Signs of unusual skin reactions, such as widespread rash with fever or swollen lymph nodes (DRESS syndrome)
- Unusual lumps, swelling, or protein in urine, which may signal amyloid deposits at injection sites or systemic amyloidosis
The most common side effect of Kineret is a reaction at the injection site, reported by the majority of patients especially in the first month of treatment.
- Injection site redness, bruising, swelling, or pain (most common — usually mild and temporary)
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Headache
- Nausea or diarrhea
- Sinusitis
- Flu-like symptoms
- Fever
- Low neutrophil counts (a type of white blood cell)
More serious reactions to watch for include signs of infection (fever, chills, unusual wounds), severe allergic reactions (throat swelling, difficulty breathing, widespread rash), and symptoms of neutropenia such as unusual fatigue or frequent infections. Contact your doctor or seek emergency care if any of these occur.
Anakinra warnings and precautions
▾
- Serious infections: Kineret increases the risk of serious bacterial infections like pneumonia and cellulitis. Do not start it during an active infection. If you develop a serious infection while on Kineret for RA, it should be stopped. Your doctor should also screen for latent TB before you begin.
- No combination with TNF blockers: Using Kineret together with TNF blocking agents (like etanercept) dramatically raises the risk of serious infection and is not recommended.
- Low white blood cell counts (neutropenia): Kineret can reduce neutrophils, the white blood cells that fight bacteria. Blood counts must be checked monthly for the first 3 months, then quarterly for up to a year.
- Allergic reactions: Severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis (life-threatening allergic response), angioedema (swelling), and serious skin reactions like DRESS have been reported. DIRA patients are at particular risk in the first few weeks of treatment.
- Amyloid deposits: Long-term high-dose use injected into the same skin area has caused protein deposits (amyloidosis) at injection sites and, in some cases, in the kidneys. Rotating injection sites is important to reduce this risk.
- Live vaccines: Do not receive live vaccines while on Kineret. Inactivated vaccines appear safe, but check with your doctor first.
Anakinra interactions
▾
Anakinra has a small number of known clinically important interactions to be aware of:
- TNF blocking agents (e.g., etanercept, adalimumab): Combining Kineret with these drugs significantly increases the risk of serious infections and is not recommended.
- Live vaccines: Should not be given at the same time as Kineret, as there is no safety data and a theoretical risk of infection from the live virus.
Interactions listed in the FDA-approved label
From the Anakinra prescribing information (“Drug Interactions”): what the manufacturer studied or reported to the FDA.
- TNF blocking agents (etanercept): A higher rate of serious infections has been observed in patients treated with concurrent KINERET and etanercept than with etanercept alone; two percent developed neutropenia (ANC < 1 x 10 9 /L). Use of KINERET in combination with TNF blocking agents is not recommended.
- Methotrexate: No drug-drug interaction studies in humans have been conducted; rat toxicologic and toxicokinetic studies did not show altered clearance or toxicologic profile of either methotrexate or KINERET when given together.
Read the label’s full interactions text
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No drug-drug interaction studies in human subjects have been conducted. Toxicologic and toxicokinetic studies in rats did not demonstrate any alterations in the clearance or toxicologic profile of either methotrexate or KINERET when the two agents were administered together. A higher rate of serious infections has been observed in RA patients treated with concurrent KINERET and etanercept therapy than in patients treated with etanercept alone. Use of KINERET in combination with TNF blocking agents is not recommended ( 7 ) 7.1 TNF Blocking Agents A higher rate of serious infections has been observed in patients treated with concurrent KINERET and etanercept therapy than in patients treated with etanercept alone [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Two percent of patients treated concurrently with KINERET and etanercept developed neutropenia (ANC < 1 x 10 9 /L). Use of KINERET in combination with TNF blocking agents is not recommended.
Not a complete list. The label covers the interactions the manufacturer studied or reported, and our own interaction database does not cover every medicine either. Bring your full medication list, including vitamins and herbal products, to your pharmacist.
Before taking Anakinra
▾
- Active infection: Do not start Kineret if you currently have an infection — it must be treated first.
- Allergy to E. coli-derived proteins or any ingredient in Kineret: Kineret is contraindicated if you have a known hypersensitivity.
- Severe kidney disease or dialysis: The drug is cleared primarily by the kidneys; your doctor may reduce the frequency of dosing to avoid buildup in the body.
- Older adults: Elderly patients have a generally higher risk of infections and should use this drug with extra caution.
- Pregnancy: Data is very limited; there are risks linked to the underlying diseases themselves. Discuss the benefits and risks carefully with your doctor.
- Pediatric patients: Kineret is approved for use in children with NOMID and DIRA; it is not approved for rheumatoid arthritis in patients under 18.
- Asthma: Patients with asthma appeared to be at higher risk of serious infections in clinical trials — let your doctor know.
- Immunosuppression or chronic infections: The safety of Kineret has not been evaluated in these situations; use with caution and close monitoring.
Anakinra overdose
▾
No overdose cases were reported in clinical trials of Kineret for rheumatoid arthritis or NOMID. In separate clinical research using much higher doses over short periods, no serious toxicities from the drug itself were identified. If you think you or someone else has taken too much, contact a poison control center or seek medical attention right away.
How your body processes Anakinra
▾
After a subcutaneous (under-the-skin) injection, Kineret is almost completely absorbed — about 95% of the dose reaches the bloodstream. In people with rheumatoid arthritis, blood levels peak roughly 3 to 7 hours after injection, and the drug clears the body with a half-life (the time for blood levels to drop by half) of about 4 to 6 hours. No unexpected buildup was seen with daily dosing over months of treatment.
The kidneys are the main route of elimination, so people with severe kidney disease or end-stage renal disease clear the drug much more slowly — up to 75% slower — meaning the dose schedule may need adjustment. Dialysis removes very little of the drug from the body.
How to store Anakinra
▾
KINERET should be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). DO NOT FREEZE OR SHAKE. Protect from light.
Written from the FDA-approved label with AI and reviewed by our pharmacy team. How we use AI →
Anakinra: pharmacist answers to common questions
Quick, plain-English answers to the questions patients ask most about Anakinra — the kind of thing our pharmacy team would talk through with you at the counter.
What exactly is Kineret used for?
▾
How do I take Kineret, and do I need to refrigerate it?
▾
What side effects should I expect, and which ones should I call my doctor about?
▾
Is it safe to get vaccinations while I'm on Kineret?
▾
I have kidney disease — is Kineret safe for me?
▾
Can I take Kineret with my other arthritis medicines?
▾
Is Anakinra available over the counter?
▾
When was Anakinra first available?
▾
Who makes Anakinra?
▾
Answers drafted from the FDA-approved label with AI and reviewed by our pharmacy team. How we use AI →
More about Anakinra on HelloPharmacist
Anakinra forms and strengths (how it comes)
Anakinra is available in 2 forms. Different forms and brands can have different approved uses, doses, schedules, and directions. Follow the instructions for your exact product, and do not switch forms without guidance from your prescriber or pharmacist.
Injection
How this form is used
- Kineret injection is used to reduce signs and symptoms and slow joint damage in adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to at least one other disease-modifying drug
- Kineret injection is used to treat Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID) in pediatric and adult patients
- Kineret injection is used to treat Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA)
- Kineret is injected subcutaneously (under the skin) once daily, at approximately the same time each day
- Rotate injection sites with each dose to reduce the risk of skin reactions and amyloid deposits
- Each Kineret prefilled syringe is for single use only — discard any unused portion after each dose
- Do not use Kineret if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains unusual particles; inspect visually before each injection
Oral solution
Anakinra on the U.S. market: products, makers and brands
How Anakinra appears in the FDA’s National Drug Code Directory — including its dosage forms, strengths, brand names, manufacturers, and FDA-listed product records. These are directory records, not sales or prescription volume.
5 companies list 6 Anakinra product records with the FDA, mostly as injection, oral solution; the earliest marketing or approval year on record is 2001. Brand names on the directory include Kineret; the rest are generics.
FDA-listed product records by dose form (tablet variants merged) — FDA National Drug Code Directory. Record counts are not sales or prescription volume.
Share of FDA-listed product records by manufacturer — FDA National Drug Code Directory. Record counts are not sales or prescription volume.
How widely Anakinra is used (Medicaid data)
A general measure of how commonly Anakinra is prescribed, based on Medicaid — one of the largest public drug programs. The figure below is prescriptions filled in Q1–Q4 2025, summed across every form and brand of the drug.
Think of this as a proxy for how widely Anakinra is used, drawn from freely available public data. Medicaid is just one program — these numbers don’t include Medicare, other government coverage, or commercial and cash-pay prescriptions, so real-world use is higher than what’s shown here.
How commonly is Anakinra prescribed? Of the 1,599 medications we measure, Anakinra ranks #1,115 by Medicaid prescriptions — more than 30% of them.
Utilization by Anakinra product
Pick a product to see its own Medicaid numbers. Each chip is one clinical product — a specific strength & dosage form as defined by RxNorm — with brand-name and generic versions combined.
0.67 ML anakinra 149 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe
Summed across the 1 of 3 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 727711
Shares are of the Medicaid prescriptions shown here. Product grouping follows RxNorm (the National Library of Medicine’s drug terminology), so “one product” means one strength & dosage form regardless of manufacturer. Dollar figures are gross Medicaid reimbursement before mandatory rebates — rebates (often large, especially for brand-name drugs) are confidential, so actual net cost to Medicaid is lower than shown.
Source: Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data (CMS), aggregated by generic ingredient — summed across every NDC (all brands, strengths, salt forms and dosage forms) of Anakinra, and across all states and both fee-for-service and managed-care claims. A general popularity signal; it excludes Medicare, commercial insurance and cash prescriptions, so it is not total U.S. use. Based on the 1 of 3 listed Anakinra NDCs with Medicaid activity.
Compare Anakinra products
A representative set of FDA-listed product records for Anakinra — across manufacturers, strengths, and dosage forms, grouped by form with each product’s manufacturer and how the FDA approved it. The same medicine may be made and packaged by different companies, so a single drug can have many directory entries. (It’s also why a refill can look different — a new shape, color, or box — even though it contains the same medication.)
| Strength | Route | Manufacturer / Labeler | Category ⓘ | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 💊Injection | ||||
| 100 mg/0.67 mL | — | Hospira Zagreb d.o.o. | DRUG FOR FURTHER PROCESSING | View NDC → |
| 100 mg/0.67 mL | — | Patheon Italia S.p.A | DRUG FOR FURTHER PROCESSING | View NDC → |
| 100 mg/0.67 mL | Subcutaneous | Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ) × 2 listings | BLA | View NDC → |
| 💊Oral solution | ||||
| 220 mg/220 mg | — | Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG | BULK INGREDIENT | View NDC → |
| 1 kg/kg | — | Pfizer Health AB | BULK INGREDIENT | View NDC → |
Showing 6 of 6 products — FDA National Drug Code Directory. See every product, package size and price: browse all 6 Anakinra NDCs →
Anakinra side effects reported to the FDA (FAERS)
After a medicine reaches the market, patients, doctors and drugmakers can send the FDA reports of problems they think may be linked to it. Here’s what’s been reported for Anakinra — a signal of what to watch for, not proof the drug caused it.
Source: openFDA, from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). These are voluntary reports — they don’t prove the drug caused the effect, and counts reflect how often something was reported, not how often it actually happens. Reports also often name the very problem the medicine is taken for — a common reason to file one is that the drug didn’t help — so for a pain reliever you may see “pain” high on the list; that points to why the report was filed, not to the drug causing the symptom. This counts every report that lists Anakinra in any role, so the total runs higher than the FDA’s official dashboard, which counts only cases where the drug is the suspect. For the authoritative figures, see the FDA FAERS Public Dashboard. Always talk to your pharmacist or doctor.
Anakinra FDA approval history
How Anakinra went from FDA review to the pharmacy shelf — the key milestones in its regulatory journey.
Source: Drugs@FDA.
Anakinra recall history
A recall is when a specific batch of a medicine is pulled from the market — usually a manufacturing issue, not a problem with the drug itself. Class I is most serious, Class III least.
The FDA’s enforcement reports list no Anakinra recalls since July 2021.
✅No Anakinra recalls on record since July 2021Source: FDA enforcement (recall) reports, via openFDA; our copy was last updated Sep 24, 2026.
RxNorm Concept Web — From Ingredient to Every Form and Strength
This page starts with one ingredient concept (IN). The branches below show its dose-form concepts (SCDF), then the available clinical drug and strength concepts (SCD). Combination products remain separate concepts with their own pages.
RxCUI 72435 1 dose form · 1 strength
-
Dose form (SCDF) Prefilled Syringe RxCUI 727708No current FDA listingClinical drug / strength (SCD) 0.67 ML anakinra 149 MG/MLRxCUI 727711
Look up RxCUI 72435 in the RxCUI Atlas →
RxNorm is the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s normalized drug vocabulary. Its concept hierarchy can include forms that are not currently marketed; the status on each branch compares that concept with current FDA listings. RxCUIs identify vocabulary concepts, not individual packages or manufacturers.
Anakinra supply and shortage status
Whether Anakinra is in short supply in the U.S. right now, plus any shortage history the FDA has on record. A shortage usually reflects a manufacturing or demand issue — not a safety problem with the drug.
Source: openFDA, from the FDA Drug Shortages database.
Anakinra brand names
Anakinra is sold under one brand name in the FDA directory — Kineret. A brand and its generic contain the same active ingredient; the brand name belongs to one company's product.
Who makes Anakinra: manufacturers and labelers
5 companies list Anakinra products with the FDA. By number of product records, the largest are Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Hospira Zagreb d.o.o.. Labelers include manufacturers and repackagers; the product in your bottle depends on which one your pharmacy stocks.
Anakinra drug class (RxNorm)
Anakinra belongs to the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist class.
Classified by RxNorm RxClass — the U.S. National Library of Medicine's standardized drug-classification service (Established Pharmacologic Class from the FDA, the ATC drug family from the WHO, and mechanism of action). Reference only, not medical advice.
Sources for this Anakinra page
Core label, product, RxNorm, safety, and utilization data on this page come from the sources identified below. AI-written, editorial, and licensed sections are labeled separately.
How this page is built
HelloPharmacist combines public FDA and NLM records and does not author the underlying clinical facts. The plain-language sections are written with AI from the FDA-approved label text and reviewed by our pharmacy team before publication. Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ) is the representative DailyMed label linked for verification and dates. This is general education, not medical advice: always talk to your doctor or pharmacist about your own medicines. How we build and review drug pages →