fluoxetine 60 mg Tablet, 30-count — NDC 75834-148-30 (Billing 75834-0148-30)
This is a package of 30 tablets of fluoxetine 60 mg Tablet from NIVAGEN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., no longer marketed (first marketed Dec 2017), no longer in the FDA NDC Directory; retail pharmacies pay about $0.1818 per tablet (NADAC). It is this product's only package size.
Identity & classification
Regulatory identifiers FDA, NLM and CMS codes for this package
Drug-database identifiers Medi-Span GPI and First Databank GCN / HICL / AHFS classification
- GSN (GCN sequence number): 068117
- GCN: 30817
- GPI-14 (Medi-Span): 58160040000360
- HICL (First Databank): 001655
- AHFS class code: 28:16.04.20
- RxCUI (RxNorm): 1190110
Where does this data come from?
- FDA openFDA NDC Directory · synced Oct 1, 2026
- FDA label on DailyMed · label index refreshed Oct 1, 2026
- RxNorm (NLM RxNav) · catalog refreshed Oct 1, 2026
- Medi-Span GPI (licensed)
- First Databank (licensed) · refreshed Oct 1, 2026
RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor class.
Where does this data come from?
- RxClass (NLM) · catalog refreshed Oct 1, 2026
Clinical
Fluoxetine is used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (bothersome thoughts that won't go away and the need to perform certain actions over and over), some eating disorders, and panic attacks (sudden, unexpected attacks of extreme fear and worry about these attacks). Fluoxetine is also used to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It is also used along with olanzapine to treat depression and episodes of depression in people with bipolar I disorder (manic-depressive disorder; a disease that causes episodes of depression, episodes of mania, and other abnormal mo...
Read the full MedlinePlus article ↗- Fluoxetine is an SSRI antidepressant. Most products treat major depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia nervosa and panic disorder. Some products, like the delayed-release capsules, are...
- Take it by mouth, usually once a day in the morning, with or without food. Follow the directions on your label. Don't stop suddenly without talking to your prescriber.
- Common ones are nausea, headache, trouble sleeping, nervousness, diarrhea, dry mouth, sleepiness and sweating. Sexual side effects can also happen. Call your doctor if they bother...
- Call for new or worse depression, suicidal thoughts, agitation or unusual behavior changes, especially early on or after dose changes. Also get help for a rash, unusual bleeding, f...
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Fluoxetine may be associated with lower levels of 1 nutrient — worth a chat with your pharmacist, not a cause for alarm.
Where does this data come from?
- MedlinePlus (NLM) · refreshed Oct 1, 2026
- FDA label on DailyMed · label index refreshed Oct 1, 2026
Ask a licensed pharmacist directly — free, answered by our team.
Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per ea | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | $0.182 | $5.45 / 30 tablets |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | $0.7344 | $22.03 / 30 tablets |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · Q2 2026 | $0.6226 | $18.68 / 30 tablets |
Where does this data come from?
- CMS NADAC weekly file · file of Sep 30, 2026
- CMS ASP pricing files · refreshed Sep 20, 2026
- CMS Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data · through Q1 2026
- CMS Part D plan pricing files · refreshed Sep 24, 2026
- VA National Acquisition Center price file
Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Marketing end | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75834-0148-30 You're viewing this Main listing | 30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE | 2017-12-11 | — | Discontinued by firm |
Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine hydrochloride 60 mg 16714-0114-01 | NorthStar | 30 tablets | $0.182 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 49884-0468-11 | Par | 30 tablets | $0.182 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 59651-0324-30 | Aurobindo | 30 tablets | $0.182 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| Fluoxetine Hcl 60 mg 64380-0900-04 | Strides | 30 tablets | $0.182 | AB | Availability likely | — |
| fluoxetine 60 mgthis 75834-0148-30 | NIVAGEN | 30 tablets | $0.182 | AB | Discontinued | — |
| Fluoxetine Hydrochloride 60 mg 68180-0997-06 | Lupin | 30 tablets | $0.622 | — | FDA listed | +242% |
| Fluoxetine hydrochloride 60 mg 43598-0632-01 | Dr. | 100 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 50228-0422-10 | ScieGen | 1000 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 50228-0638-10 | ScieGen | 1000 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine Hydrochloride 60 mg 51672-5306-02 | Sun | 500 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 63629-2201-01 | Bryant | 30 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 71335-2597-01 | Bryant | 30 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 72162-1506-03 | Bryant | 30 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
| Fluoxetine 60 mg 84386-0106-30 | Aurobindo | 30 tablets | — | AB | FDA listed | — |
Where does this data come from?
- FDA openFDA NDC Directory · synced Oct 1, 2026
- FDA Orange Book · refreshed Sep 3, 2026
- CMS NADAC weekly file · file of Sep 30, 2026
Availability & generic status
This product is an FDA-approved generic. Other versions of the same drug are listed under Therapeutic equivalents, least expensive first.
Where does this data come from?
- FDA Orange Book · refreshed Sep 3, 2026
Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
Where does this data come from?
IACT rows and label-wide narrative are kept separate; availability and product-level specificity depend on the submitted label.- FDA label on DailyMed · label index refreshed Oct 1, 2026
- FDA openFDA NDC Directory · synced Oct 1, 2026
Inactive ingredient FAQ
Are inactive ingredients the same for every manufacturer?
Why might an inactive ingredient be missing?
Can inactive ingredients matter?
Manufacturer & labeler
Where does this data come from?
- FDA openFDA NDC Directory · synced Oct 1, 2026
- Drugs@FDA
Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🚨 Boxed Warning ▾
WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies. These studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant use in patients over age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressant use in patients aged 65 and older [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . In patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy, monitor closely for worsening and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behavior.
Advise families and caregivers of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Fluoxetine is not approved for use in children less than 7 years of age [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] . WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults taking antidepressants ( 5.1 ). Monitor for worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors ( 5.1 ).
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Fluoxetine tablets are indicated for the treatment of: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The efficacy of fluoxetine in MDD was established in one 5-week trial, three 6-week trials, and one maintenance study in adults. The efficacy of fluoxetine was also established in two 8- to 9-week trials in pediatric patients 8 to 18 years of age [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )].
Obsessions and compulsions in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The efficacy of fluoxetine in OCD was demonstrated in two 13-week trials in adults and one 13-week trial in pediatric patients 7 to 17 years of age [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 ) ]. Binge-eating and vomiting behaviors in patients with moderate to severe Bulimia Nervosa.
The efficacy of fluoxetine in Bulimia Nervosa was demonstrated in two 8-week trials and one 16-week trial in adults [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]. Panic Disorder, with or without agoraphobia. The efficacy of fluoxetine in Panic Disorder was demonstrated in two 12-week trials in adults [see Clinical Studies ( 14.4 )].
Fluoxetine tablets are a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor indicated (SSRI) the treatment of: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ( 1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in one 5-week trial, three 6-week trials, and one maintenance study ( 14.1 ) Pediatrics: Efficacy was established in two 8-to 9-week trials of patients aged 8 to 18 years ( 14.1 ) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ( 1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in two 13-week trials ( 14.2 ) Pediatrics: Efficacy was established in one 13-week trial in patients aged 7 to 17 years ( 14.2 ) Bulimia Nervosa ( 1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in two 8-week trials and one 16-week trial ( 14.3 ) Panic Disorder, with or without agoraphobia ( 1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in two 12-week trials ( 14.4 )
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION This product is only available in a 60 mg dosage form. A 30 mg dose may be achieved with one-half of the scored tablet. Use of this product requires initial titration with another fluoxetine product according to the dosing guidelines indicated below.
Use another fluoxetine product for initial doses of 10 to 20 mg/day or for doses other than 30 mg or 60 mg: Indication Adult Pediatric MDD ( 2.1 ) 20 mg/day in morning (initial dose) 20 mg/day (target dose) 80 mg/day (maximum dose studied) 10 to 20 mg/day (initial dose)* *This product has not been studied in doses greater than 20 mg/day in pediatric MDD. OCD ( 2.2 ) 20 mg/day in morning (initial dose) 20 to 60 mg/day (target dose) 10 mg/day (initial dose) 10 to 60 mg/day (target dose) Bulimia Nervosa ( 2.3 ) 60 mg/day in morning - Panic Disorder ( 2.4 ) 10 mg/day (initial dose) 20 mg/day (target dose) 60 mg/day (maximum dose studied) - No additional benefits seen at higher doses above 20 mg/day in MDD ( 2.1 , 14.1 ) Use a lower or less frequent dosage in patients with hepatic impairment, the elderly, and for patients with concurrent disease or on multiple concomitant medications ( 2.5 , 8.6 )
2.1Major Depressive Disorder Initial Treatment Adult —Initiate fluoxetine 20 mg/day orally in the morning. Consider a dose increase after several weeks if insufficient clinical improvement is observed. Administer doses above 20 mg/day once daily in the morning or twice daily (ie, morning and noon).
The maximum fluoxetine dose should not exceed 80 mg/day. In controlled trials used to support the efficacy of fluoxetine, patients were administered morning doses ranging from 20 to 80 mg/day. Studies comparing fluoxetine 20, 40, and 60 mg/day to placebo indicate that 20 mg/day is sufficient to obtain a satisfactory response in MDD in most cases [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )].
Pediatric (children and adolescents) —Treatment should be initiated with a dose of 10 to 20 mg/day, After 1 week at 10 mg/day, the dose should be increased to 20 mg/day. However, due to higher plasma levels in lower weight children, the starting and target dose in this group may be 10 mg/day. A dose increase to 20 mg/day may be considered after several weeks if insufficient clinical improvement is observed.
In the short-term (8- to 9-week) controlled clinical trials of fluoxetine supporting its effectiveness in the treatment of MDD, patients were administered fluoxetine doses of 10 to 20 mg/day [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )]. Doses greater than 20 mg/day have not been studied in pediatric patients with MDD. This product is only available in a 60 mg dosage form.
Administration of doses with demonstrated efficacy of fluoxetine 10 mg/day to 20 mg/day in pediatric MDD requires the use of another formulation. All patients —As with other drugs effective in the treatment of MDD, the full effect may be delayed until 4 weeks of treatment or longer. Periodically reassess to determine the need for maintenance treatment.
Switching Patients to a Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) —Dosage of a TCA may need to be reduced, and plasma TCA concentrations may need to be monitored temporarily when fluoxetine is co-administered or has been recently discontinued [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.6 )].
2.2Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Initial Treatment Adults —Initiate fluoxetine 20 mg/day, orally in the morning. Consider a dose increase after several weeks if insufficient clinical improvement is observed. The full therapeutic effect may be delayed until 5 weeks of treatment or longer.
Doses above 20 mg/day may be administered on a once daily (ie, morning) or twice daily schedule (ie, morning and noon). A dose range of 20 to 60 mg/day is recommended; however, doses of up to 80 mg/day have been well tolerated in open studies of OCD. The maximum fluoxetine dose should not exceed 80 mg/day.
In the controlled clinical trials of fluoxetine supporting its effectiveness in the treatment of OCD, pat… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Fluoxetine tablets, USP 60 mg, are are available as 60-mg (fluoxetine base equivalent), film coated, functionally scored, capsule shaped, white to off white tablets debossed with "0 95" on one side ("0" on one side of score and "95" on other side of score) and "6 0" on other side ("6" on one side of score and "0" on other side of score). Tablets: 60 mg, functionally scored ( 3 )
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Do not use MAOIs intended to treat psychiatric disorders with fluoxetine or within 5 weeks of stopping treatment with fluoxetine. Do not use fluoxetine within 14 days of stopping an MAOI intended to treat psychiatric disorders. In addition, do not start fluoxetine in a patient who is being treated with linezolid or intravenous methylene blue ( 4.1 , 7.1 ) Pimozide ( 4.2 , 5.11 , 7.6 , 7.7 ) Thioridazine : Do not use concomitantly with or within 5 weeks of discontinuing fluoxetine ( 4.2 , 5.11 , 7.6 , 7.7 ) Known hypersensitivity to fluoxetine products ( 4.2 , 5.3 )
4.1Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) The use of MAOIs intended to treat psychiatric disorders with fluoxetine or within 5 weeks of stopping treatment with fluoxetine is contraindicated because of an increased risk of serotonin syndrome. The use of fluoxetine within 14 days of stopping an MAOI intended to treat psychiatric disorders is also contraindicated [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.6 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Starting fluoxetine in a patient who is being treated with MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue is also contraindicated because of an increased risk of serotonin syndrome [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.7 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )].
4.2Other Contraindications The use of fluoxetine is contraindicated with the following: Pimozide [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.6 , 7.7 )] Thioridazine [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.6 , 7.7 )] Pimozide and thioridazine prolong the QT interval. Fluoxetine can increase the levels of pimozide and thioridazine through inhibition of CYP2D6. Fluoxetine can also prolong the QT interval.
Known hypersensitivity to fluoxetine: Do not use this product in patients with known hypersensitivity to fluoxetine due to risk of anaphylactoid reactions, including bronchospasm, angioedema, laryngospasm, and urticaria [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )].
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Monitor for clinical worsening and suicidal thinking and behavior ( 5.1 ) Serotonin Syndrome: Serotonin syndrome has been reported with SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), including fluoxetine, both when taken alone, but especially when co-administered with other serotonergic agents. If such symptoms occur, discontinue fluoxetine and serotonergic agents initiate supportive treatment. If concomitant use of fluoxetine with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, patients should be made aware of a potential increased risk for serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases ( 5.2 ) Activation of Mania/Hypomania: Screen for Bipolar Disorder and monitor for mania/hypomania ( 5.4 ) Seizures: Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that potentially lower the seizure threshold ( 5.5 ) Altered Appetite and Weight: USignificant weight loss has occurred ( 5.6 ) Increased Risk of Bleeding: May increase the risk of bleeding.
Use with NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, or drugs that affect coagulation may potentiate the risk of gastrointestinal or other bleeding ( 5.7 , 7.4 ) Angle-closure Glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma has occurred in patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles treated with antidepressants ( 5.8 ) Hyponatremia: Has been reported with fluoxetine in association with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Consider discontinuing if symptomatic hyponatremia occurs ( 5.9 ) QT Prolongation: QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia including Torsades de Pointes have been reported with fluoxetine use.
Use with caution in conditions that predispose to arrhythmias or increase fluoxetine exposure. Use cautiously in patients with risk factors for QT prolongation ( 4.2 , 5.11 , 7.6 , 7.7 , 10.1 ) Long Half-life: Changes in dose will not be fully reflected in plasma for several weeks ( 5.14 ) Sexual Dysfunction: Fluoxetine may cause symptoms of sexual dysfunction ( 5.16 )
5.1Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Patients with MDD, both adult and pediatric, may experience worsening of their depression and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior, whether or not they are taking antidepressant medications, and this risk may persist until significant remission occurs. Suicide is a known risk of depression and certain other psychiatric disorders, and these disorders themselves are the strongest predictors of suicide.
There has been a long-standing concern, however, that antidepressants may have a role in inducing worsening of depression and the emergence of suicidality in certain patients during the early phases of treatment. Pooled analyses of short-term placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and others) showed that these drugs increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 18 to 24) with MDD and other psychiatric disorders. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older.
The pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials in children and adolescents with MDD, OCD, or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 24 short-term trials of 9 antidepressant drugs in over 4400 patients. The pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials in adults with MDD or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 295 short-term trials (median duration of 2 months) of 11 antidepressant drugs in over 77,000 patients. There was considerable variation in risk of suicidality among drugs, but a tendency toward an increase in the younger patients for almost all drugs studied.
There were dif… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Serotonin Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Allergic Reactions and Rash [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Screening Patients for Bipolar Disorder and Monitoring for Mania/Hypomania [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Altered Appetite and Weight [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Increased Risk of Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Angle-closure Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Anxiety and Insomnia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] QT Prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] Discontinuation Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] Most common adverse reactions (≥5% and at least twice that for placebo): abnormal dreams, abnormal ejaculation, anorexia, anxiety, asthenia, diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, flu syndrome, impotence, insomnia, libido decreased, nausea, nervousness, pharyngitis, rash, sinusitis, somnolence, sweating, tremor, vasodilatation, and yawn ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Nivagen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-877-977-0687 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect or predict the rates observed in practice. Multiple doses of fluoxetine had been administered to 10,782 patients with various diagnoses in US clinical trials. In addition, there have been 425 patients administered fluoxetine in panic clinical trials.
The stated frequencies represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, an adverse reaction of the type listed. An adverse reaction was included if it occurred for the first time or worsened while receiving therapy following baseline evaluation. Incidence in MDD, OCD, Bulimia, and Panic Disorder placebo-controlled clinical trials (excluding data from extensions of trials) — Table 2 enumerates the most common adverse reactions associated with the use of fluoxetine (incidence of at least 5% for fluoxetine and at least twice that for placebo within at least 1 of the indications) for the treatment of MDD, OCD, and bulimia in US controlled clinical trials and Panic Disorder in US plus non-US controlled trials.
Table 3 provides combined data for the pool of studies that are provided separately by indication in Table 2. Table 2. Most Common Adverse Reactions: Incidence in Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Bulimia, and Panic Disorder Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials Percentage of Patients Reporting Event MDD OCD Bulimia Panic Disorder Body System/ Adverse Reaction Fluoxetine (N = 1728) Placebo (N = 975) Fluoxetine (N = 266) Placebo (N = 89) Fluoxetine (N = 450) Placebo (N = 267) Fluoxetine (N = 425) Placebo (N = 342) Bodyas a Whole Asthenia 9 5 15 11 21 9 7 7 FluSyndrome 3 4 10 7 8 3 5 5 Cardiovascular System Vasodilatation 3 2 5 -- 2 1 1 -- Digestive System Nausea 21 9 26 13 29 11 12 7 Diarrhea 12 8 18 13 8 6 9 4 Anorexia 11 2 17 10 8 4 4 1 Dry Mouth 10 7 12 3 9 6 4 4 Dyspepsia 7 5 10 4 10 6 6 2 Nervous System Insomnia 16 9 28 22 33 13 10 7 Anxiety 12 7 14 7 15 9 6 2 Nervousness 14 9 14 15 11 5 8 6 Somnolence 13 6 17 7 13 5 5 2 Tremor 10 3 9 1 13 1 3 1 Libido Decreased 3 -- 11 2 5 1 1 2 Abnormal Dreams 1 1 5 2 5 3 1 1 Respiratory System Pharyngitis 3 3 11 9 10 5 3 3 Sinusitis 1 4 5 2 6 4 2 3 Yawn -- -- 7 -- 11 -- 1 -- Skin and Appendages Sweating 8 3 7 -- 8 3 2 2 Rash… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS As with all drugs, the potential for interaction by a variety of mechanisms (e.g., pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic drug inhibition or enhancement, etc.) is a possibility. Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6: Fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6 enzyme pathway ( 7.6 ) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Monitor TCA levels during co-administration with fluoxetine or when fluoxetine has been recently discontinued (5.2, 7.6 ) Benzodiazepines: Diazepam—increased t1/2 , alprazolam—further psychomotor performance decrement due to increased levels ( 7.6 ) Antipsychotics: Potential for elevation of haloperidol and clozapine levels ( 7.6 ) Anticonvulsants: Potential for elevated phenytoin and carbamazepine levels and clinical anticonvulsant toxicity ( 7.6 ) Serotonergic Drugs: ( 2.6 , 2.7 , 4.1 , 5.2 ) Drugs that Prolong the QT Interval: Do not use fluoxetine with thioridazine or pimozide.
Use with caution in combination with other drugs that prolong the QT interval ( 4.2 , 5.11 , 7.6 , 7.7 )
7.1Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) [See Dosage and Administration ( 2.6 , 2.7 ), Contraindications ( 4.1 ), and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] .
7.2CNS Acting Drugs Caution is advised if the concomitant administration of fluoxetine and such drugs is required. In evaluating individual cases, consideration should be given to using lower initial doses of the concomitantly administered drugs, using conservative titration schedules, and monitoring of clinical status [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ].
7.3Other Serotonergic Drugs The concomitant use of serotonergic drugs (including other SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, lithium, buspirone, amphetamines, tryptophan, and St. John's Wort) with fluoxetine increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and dosage increases.
If serotonin syndrome occurs, consider discontinuation of fluoxetine and/or concomitant serotonergic drugs [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ].
7.4Drugs that Interfere with Hemostasis (eg, NSAIDS, Aspirin, Warfarin) Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Epidemiological studies of the case-control and cohort design that have demonstrated an association between use of psychotropic drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have also shown that concurrent use of an NSAID or aspirin may potentiate this risk of bleeding. Altered anticoagulant effects, including increased bleeding, have been reported when SNRIs or SSRIs are coadministered with warfarin.
Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be carefully monitored when fluoxetine is initiated or discontinued [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] .
7.5Potential for Other Drugs to Affect Fluoxetine Drugs Tightly Bound to Plasma Proteins – Because fluoxetine is tightly bound to plasma protein, adverse effects may result from displacement of protein-bound fluoxetine by other tightly bound drugs. [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .
7.6Potential for Fluoxetine to Affect Other Drugs Pimozide —Concomitant use in patients taking pimozide is contraindicated. Pimozide can prolong the QT interval. Fluoxetine can increase the level of pimozide through inhibition of CYP2D6.
Fluoxetine can also prolong the QT interval. Clinical studies of pimozide with other antidepressants demonstrate an increase in drug interaction or QT prolongation. While a specific study with pimozide and fluoxetine has not been conducted, the potential for drug interactions or QT prolongation warrants restricting the concurrent use of pimozide and fluoxetine [see Contraindications ( 4.2 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ), and Drug Interactions ( 7.7 )] .
Thioridazine —Thioridazine should not be administered with fluoxetine or within a minimum of 5 weeks after fluoxetine has been discontinued, because of the risk of QT prolongati… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: SSRI use, particularly later in pregnancy, may increase risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension and symptoms of poor adaptation (respiratory distress, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, hypotonia, tremor, irritability) in the neonate ( 8.1 ) Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of fluoxetine in patients < 8 years of age with MDD and < 7 years of age with OCD have not been established ( 8.4 )
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on data from published observational studies, exposure to SSRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Clinical Considerations] . Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports over several decades have not established an increased risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. Some studies have reported an increased incidence of cardiovascular malformations; however, these studies results do not establish a causal relationship [see Data] .
There are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy and risks of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (see Data) and poor neonatal adaptation with exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including Fluoxetine Tablets, during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). In rats and rabbits treated with fluoxetine during the period of organogenesis, there was no evidence of developmental effects at doses up to 1.6 and 3.9 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 60 mg on a mg/m2 given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis.
However, in other reproductive studies in rats, an increase in stillborn pups, a decrease in pup weight, and an increase in pup deaths early after birth occurred at doses that are 1.5 times (during gestation) and 0.97 times (during gestation and lactation) the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.
In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Women who discontinue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continue antidepressants. This finding is from a prospective, longitudinal study that followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy.
Consider the risk of untreated depression when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medication during pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal Adverse Reactions Use of Fluoxetine Tablets in the month before delivery may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )]. Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Neonates exposed to Fluoxetine Tablets and other SSRIs or SNRIs late in the third trimester have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding.
Such complications can arise immediately upon delivery. Reported clinical findings have included respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremors, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. These findings are consistent with either a direct toxic effect of SSRIs and SNRIs or possibly a drug discontinuation syndrome.
It should be noted that, in some cases, the clinical picture is consistent with serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Data Human Data It has been shown that SSRIs… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on data from published observational studies, exposure to SSRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Clinical Considerations] . Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports over several decades have not established an increased risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. Some studies have reported an increased incidence of cardiovascular malformations; however, these studies results do not establish a causal relationship [see Data] .
There are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy and risks of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (see Data) and poor neonatal adaptation with exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including Fluoxetine Tablets, during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). In rats and rabbits treated with fluoxetine during the period of organogenesis, there was no evidence of developmental effects at doses up to 1.6 and 3.9 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 60 mg on a mg/m2 given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis.
However, in other reproductive studies in rats, an increase in stillborn pups, a decrease in pup weight, and an increase in pup deaths early after birth occurred at doses that are 1.5 times (during gestation) and 0.97 times (during gestation and lactation) the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.
In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Women who discontinue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continue antidepressants. This finding is from a prospective, longitudinal study that followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy.
Consider the risk of untreated depression when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medication during pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal Adverse Reactions Use of Fluoxetine Tablets in the month before delivery may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )]. Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Neonates exposed to Fluoxetine Tablets and other SSRIs or SNRIs late in the third trimester have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding.
Such complications can arise immediately upon delivery. Reported clinical findings have included respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremors, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. These findings are consistent with either a direct toxic effect of SSRIs and SNRIs or possibly a drug discontinuation syndrome.
It should be noted that, in some cases, the clinical picture is consistent with serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Data Human Data It has been shown that SSRIs (including fluoxetine) can cross the placenta. Published epidemiological studies of pregnant women exposed to fluoxetine have not established an increased risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, and other adverse developmental outcomes.
Several publications reported an increased incidence of cardiovascular malformations in children with in utero exposure to fluoxetine. However, these studies results do not establish a causal relationship. Methodo… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use Use of fluoxetine in children —The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of MDD was demonstrated in two 8-to-9 week placebo-controlled clinical trials with 315 pediatric outpatients ages 8 to ≤18 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of OCD was demonstrated in one 13- week placebo- controlled clinical trial with 103 pediatric outpatients ages 7 to <18 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients <8 years of age in MDD and <7 years of age in OCD have not been established.
Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 21 pediatric patients (ages 6 to ≤18) with MDD or OCD [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . The acute adverse reaction profiles observed in the 3 studies (N = 418 randomized;228 fluoxetine-treated, 190 placebo-treated) were generally similar to that observed in adult studies with fluoxetine. The longer-term adverse reaction profile observed in the 19-week MDD study (N= 219 randomized; 109 fluoxetine-treated, 110 placebo-treated) was also similar to that observed in adult trials with fluoxetine [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] .
The acute adverse reaction profiles observed in the 3 studies (N = 418 randomized;228 fluoxetine-treated, 190 placebo-treated) were generally similar to that observed in adult studies with fluoxetine. The longer-term adverse reaction profile observed in the 19-week MDD study (N= 219 randomized; 109 fluoxetine-treated, 110 placebo-treated) was also similar to that observed in adult trials with fluoxetine [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . Manic reaction, including mania and hypomania, was reported in 6 (1 mania, 5 hypomania) out of 228 (2.6%) fluoxetine-treated patients and in 0 out of 190 (0%) placebo-treated patients.
Mania/hypomania led to the discontinuation of 4 (1.8%) fluoxetine-treated patients from the acute phases of the 3 studies combined. Consequently, regular monitoring for the occurrence of mania/hypomania is recommended. As with other SSRIs, decreased weight gain has been observed in association with the use of fluoxetine in children and adolescent patients.
After 19 weeks of treatment in a clinical trial, pediatric subjects treated with fluoxetine gained an average of 1.1 cm less in height and 1.1 kg less in weight than subjects treated with placebo. In addition, fluoxetine treatment was associated with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels. The safety of fluoxetine treatment for pediatric patients has not been systematically assessed for chronic treatment longer than several months in duration.
In particular, there are no studies that directly evaluate the longer-term effects of fluoxetine on the growth, development and maturation of children and adolescent patients. Therefore, height and weight should be monitored periodically in pediatric patients receiving fluoxetine [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Fluoxetine is approved for use in pediatric patients with MDD and OCD [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .
Anyone considering the use of fluoxetine in a child or adolescent must balance the potential risks with the clinical need. Juvenile Animal Toxicity data —Significant toxicity on muscle tissue, neurobehavior, reproductive organs, and bone development has been observed following exposure of juvenile rats to fluoxetine from weaning through maturity. Oral administration of fluoxetine to rats from weaning postnatal day 21 through adulthood day 90 at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day was associated with testicular degeneration and necrosis, epididymal vacuolation, and hypospermia (at 30 mg/kg/day corresponding to plasma exposures [AUC] approximately 5 to 10 times the average AUC in pediatric patients at the MRHD of 20 mg/day); increased serum levels of creatine kinase (at AUC as low as 1 to 2 times the average AUC in pediatric patients at the MRHD of 20 mg/day); skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis; decreased femur length/growth; and body weight gain (a… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
8.5Geriatric Use US fluoxetine clinical trials included 687 patients ≥65 years of age and 93 patients ≥75 years of age. The efficacy in geriatric patients has been established [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 ) ]. For pharmacokinetic information in geriatric patients, [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ].
No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. SNRIs and SSRIs, including fluoxetine, have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatremia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse reaction [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ) ].
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE The following have been reported with fluoxetine tablet overdosage: • Seizures, which may be delayed, and altered mental status including coma. • Cardiovascular toxicity, which may be delayed, including QRS and QTc interval prolongation, wide complex tachyarrhythmias, torsade de pointes, and cardiac arrest. Hypertension most commonly seen, but rarely can see hypotension alone or with co-ingestants including alcohol. • Serotonin syndrome (patients with a multiple drug overdosage with other proserotonergic drugs may have a higher risk).
Gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal should be considered in patients who present early after a fluoxetine overdose. Consider contacting a Poison Center (1-800-221-2222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1Mechanism of Action Although the exact mechanism of fluoxetine is unknown, it is presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin.
12.2Pharmacodynamics Studies at clinically relevant doses in man have demonstrated that fluoxetine blocks the uptake of serotonin into human platelets. Studies in animals also suggest that fluoxetine is a much more potent uptake inhibitor of serotonin than of norepinephrine. Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and α 1 -adrenergic receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of classical TCA drugs.
Fluoxetine binds to these and other membrane receptors from brain tissue much less potently in vitro than do the tricyclic drugs.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Systemic bioavailability — In man, following a single, oral dose of fluoxetine 60 mg tablet, the peak plasma concentration of fluoxetine and time to achieve peak plasma concentration were 49.6 ± 10.0 ng/mL, and 7.20 ± 1.41 hours, respectively (both values are mean ± SD). The capsule, tablet, and oral solution dosage forms of fluoxetine are bioequivalent. The exposure (C max , AUC) to fluoxetine was similar after administration of either 1 × 60 mg fluoxetine tablet USP or 3 × 20 mg fluoxetine tablets.
Food does not appear to affect the systemic bioavailability of fluoxetine, although it may delay its absorption by 1 to 2 hours, which is probably not clinically significant. Thus, fluoxetine may be administered with or without food. Protein binding —Over the concentration range from 200 to 1000 ng/mL, approximately 94.5%of fluoxetine is bound in vitro to human serum proteins, including albumin and α 1 -glycoprotein.
The interaction between fluoxetine and other highly protein-bound drugs has not been fully evaluated, but may be important. Enantiomers —Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture (50/50) of R -fluoxetine and S -fluoxetine enantiomers. In animal models, both enantiomers are specific and potent serotonin uptake inhibitors with essentially equivalent pharmacologic activity.
The S -fluoxetine enantiomer is eliminated more slowly and is the predominant enantiomer present in plasma at steady state. Metabolism —Fluoxetine is extensively metabolized in the liver to norfluoxetine and a number of other unidentified metabolites. The only identified active metabolite, norfluoxetine, is formed by demethylation of fluoxetine.
In animal models, S -norfluoxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake and has activity essentially equivalent to R - or S -fluoxetine. R -norfluoxetine is significantly less potent than the parent drug in the inhibition of serotonin uptake. The primary route of elimination appears to be hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites excreted by the kidney.
Variability in metabolism —A subset (about 7%) of the population has reduced activity of the drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Such individuals are referred to as "poor metabolizers" of drugs such as debrisoquin, dextromethorphan, and the TCAs. In a study involving labeled and unlabeled enantiomers administered as a racemate, these individuals metabolized S- fluoxetine at a slower rate and thus achieved higher concentrations of S-fluoxetine.
Consequently, concentrations of S -norfluoxetine at steady state were lower. The metabolism of R -fluoxetine in these poor metabolizers appears normal. When compared with normal metabolizers, the total sum at steady state of the plasma concentrations of the 4 active enantiomers was not significantly greater among poor metabolizers.
Thus, the net pharmacodynamic activities were essentially the same. Alternative, nonsaturable pathways (non-2D6) also contribute to the metabolism of fluoxetine. This explains how fluoxetine achieves a steady-state concentration rather than increasing without limit.
Because fluoxetine's metabolism, like that of a number of other compounds including TCAs and other… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action Although the exact mechanism of fluoxetine is unknown, it is presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
16.1How Supplied Fluoxetine tablets, USP 60 mg, are available as 60 mg (fluoxetine base equivalent), film coated, functionally scored, capsule shaped, white to off white tablets debossed with "0 95" on one side ("0" on one side of score and ·'95" on other side of score) and "6 0" on other side ("6" on one side of score and "0" on other side of score) in bottles of 30 tablets (NDC 75834-148-30).
16.2Storage and Handling Store at 20 °C to 25 °C (68 °F to 77 °F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.
16.1How Supplied Fluoxetine tablets, USP 60 mg, are available as 60 mg (fluoxetine base equivalent), film coated, functionally scored, capsule shaped, white to off white tablets debossed with "0 95" on one side ("0" on one side of score and ·'95" on other side of score) and "6 0" on other side ("6" on one side of score and "0" on other side of score) in bottles of 30 tablets (NDC 75834-148-30).
📦 Storage and Handling ▾
16.2Storage and Handling Store at 20 °C to 25 °C (68 °F to 77 °F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION Fluoxetine hydrochloride USP is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for oral administration It is designated(±)- N -methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine hydrochloride and has the empirical formula of C 17 H 18 F 3 NO•HCl. Its molecular weight is 345.79. The structural formula is: Fluoxetine hydrochloride USP is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 14 mg/mL in water.
Each scored tablet contains fluoxetine hydrochloride USP equivalent to 60 mg (194 µmol) of fluoxetine. In addition, each scored tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: corn starch, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide. Fluoxetine-01.jpg
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Information on Medication Guide and Benefits/Risks of Fluoxetine Healthcare providers should instruct their patients to read the Medication Guide before starting therapy with fluoxetine tablets and to reread it each time the prescription is renewed. Healthcare providers should inform patients, their families, and their caregivers about the benefits and risks associated with treatment with fluoxetine tablets and should counsel them in its appropriate use.
Healthcare providers should instruct patients, their families, and their caregivers to read the Medication Guide and should assist them in understanding its contents. Patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the contents of the Medication Guide and to obtain answers to any questions they may have. Patients should be advised of the following issues and asked to alert their healthcare provider if these occur while taking fluoxetine tablets.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Patients, their families, and their caregivers should be encouraged to be alert to the emergence of anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, mania, other unusual changes in behavior, worsening of depression, and suicidal ideation, especially early during antidepressant treatment and when the dose is adjusted up or down. Families and caregivers of patients should be advised to look for the emergence of such symptoms on a day-to-day basis, since changes may be abrupt.
Such symptoms should be reported to the patient's prescriber or health professional, especially if they are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient's presenting symptoms. Symptoms such as these may be associated with an increased risk for suicidal thinking and behavior and indicate a need for very close monitoring and possibly changes in the medication [ see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]. Serotonin Syndrome Patients should be cautioned about the risk of serotonin syndrome with the concomitant use of fluoxetine and other serotonergic agents including triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, lithium, buspirone, tryptophan, amphetamines, and St.
John's Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular, MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others, such as linezolid). Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome [see Contraindications ( 4.1 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ), and Drug Interactions ( 7.3 )]. Allergic Reactions and Rash Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they develop a rash or hives [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .
Patients should also be advised of the signs and symptoms associated with a severe allergic reaction, including swelling of the face, eyes, or mouth, or have trouble breathing. Patients should be cautioned to seek medical care immediately if they experience these symptoms. Increased Risk of Bleeding Inform Patients about the concomitant use of fluoxetine and NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, or other drugs that affect coagulation since combined use of psychotropic drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and these agents have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.4 )] .
Advise patients to call their doctor if they experience any increased or unusual bruising or bleeding while taking fluoxetine. Angle-closure Glaucoma Patients should be advised that taking fluoxetine can cause mild pupillary dilation, which in susceptible individuals, can lead to an episode of angle-closure glaucoma. Pre-existing glaucoma is almost always open-angle glaucoma because angle-closure… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
💬 Medication Guide ▾
MEDICATION GUIDE FLUOXETINE (floo-OX-e-teen) TABLETS USP Read the Medication Guide that comes with fluoxetine before you start taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment.
Talk with your healthcare provider if there is something you do not understand or want to learn more about. What is the most important information I should know about fluoxetine? Fluoxetine and other antidepressant medicines may cause serious side effects, including: 1.
Suicidal thoughts or actions: Fluoxetine and other antidepressant medicines may increase suicidal thoughts or actions in some children, teenagers, or young adults within the first few months of treatment or when the dose is changed . Depression or other serious mental illnesses are the most important causes of suicidal thoughts or actions. Watch for these changes and call your healthcare provider right away if you notice: New or sudden changes in mood, behavior, actions, thoughts, or feelings, especially if severe.
Pay particular attention to such changes when fluoxetine is started or when the dose is changed. Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider and call between visits if you are worried about symptoms. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, or call 911 if an emergency, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: attempts to commit suicide acting on dangerous impulses acting aggressive or violent thoughts about suicide or dying new or worse depression new or worse anxiety or panic attacks feeling agitated, restless, angry or irritable trouble sleeping an increase in activity or talking more than what is normal for you other unusual changes in behavior or mood Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, or call 911 if an emergency.
Fluoxetine may be associated with these serious side effects: 2. Serotonin Syndrome. This condition can be life-threatening and may include: agitation, hallucinations, coma or other changes in mental status coordination problems or muscle twitching (overactive reflexes) racing heartbeat, high or low blood pressure sweating or fever nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea muscle rigidity dizziness flushing tremor seizures 3.
Severe allergic reactions: trouble breathing swelling of the face, tongue, eyes or mouth rash, itchy welts (hives) or blisters, alone or with fever or joint pain 4. Abnormal bleeding: Fluoxetine and other antidepressant medicines may increase your risk of bleeding or bruising, especially if you take the blood thinner warfarin (Coumadin ® , Jantoven ® ), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs, like ibuprofen or naproxen), or aspirin. 5.
Visual problems eye pain changes in vision swelling or redness in or around the eye Only some people are at risk for these problems. You may want to undergo an eye examination to see if you are at risk and receive preventative treatment if you are. 6.
Seizures or convulsions 7. Manic episodes: greatly increased energy severe trouble sleeping racing thoughts reckless behavior unusually grand ideas excessive happiness or irritability talking more or faster than usual 8. Changes in appetite or weight.
Children and adolescents should have height and weight monitored during treatment. 9. Low salt (sodium) levels in the blood.
Elderly people may be at greater risk for this. Symptoms may include: headache weakness or feeling unsteady confusion, problems concentrating or thinking or memory problems 10. Changes in the electrical activity of your heart (QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia including Torsades de Pointes).
This condition can be life threatening. The symptoms may include: fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat shortness of breath dizziness or fainting Do not stop fluoxetine without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping fluoxetine too qui… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🧬 Pharmacokinetics ▾
12.3Pharmacokinetics Systemic bioavailability — In man, following a single, oral dose of fluoxetine 60 mg tablet, the peak plasma concentration of fluoxetine and time to achieve peak plasma concentration were 49.6 ± 10.0 ng/mL, and 7.20 ± 1.41 hours, respectively (both values are mean ± SD). The capsule, tablet, and oral solution dosage forms of fluoxetine are bioequivalent. The exposure (C max , AUC) to fluoxetine was similar after administration of either 1 × 60 mg fluoxetine tablet USP or 3 × 20 mg fluoxetine tablets.
Food does not appear to affect the systemic bioavailability of fluoxetine, although it may delay its absorption by 1 to 2 hours, which is probably not clinically significant. Thus, fluoxetine may be administered with or without food. Protein binding —Over the concentration range from 200 to 1000 ng/mL, approximately 94.5%of fluoxetine is bound in vitro to human serum proteins, including albumin and α 1 -glycoprotein.
The interaction between fluoxetine and other highly protein-bound drugs has not been fully evaluated, but may be important. Enantiomers —Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture (50/50) of R -fluoxetine and S -fluoxetine enantiomers. In animal models, both enantiomers are specific and potent serotonin uptake inhibitors with essentially equivalent pharmacologic activity.
The S -fluoxetine enantiomer is eliminated more slowly and is the predominant enantiomer present in plasma at steady state. Metabolism —Fluoxetine is extensively metabolized in the liver to norfluoxetine and a number of other unidentified metabolites. The only identified active metabolite, norfluoxetine, is formed by demethylation of fluoxetine.
In animal models, S -norfluoxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake and has activity essentially equivalent to R - or S -fluoxetine. R -norfluoxetine is significantly less potent than the parent drug in the inhibition of serotonin uptake. The primary route of elimination appears to be hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites excreted by the kidney.
Variability in metabolism —A subset (about 7%) of the population has reduced activity of the drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Such individuals are referred to as "poor metabolizers" of drugs such as debrisoquin, dextromethorphan, and the TCAs. In a study involving labeled and unlabeled enantiomers administered as a racemate, these individuals metabolized S- fluoxetine at a slower rate and thus achieved higher concentrations of S-fluoxetine.
Consequently, concentrations of S -norfluoxetine at steady state were lower. The metabolism of R -fluoxetine in these poor metabolizers appears normal. When compared with normal metabolizers, the total sum at steady state of the plasma concentrations of the 4 active enantiomers was not significantly greater among poor metabolizers.
Thus, the net pharmacodynamic activities were essentially the same. Alternative, nonsaturable pathways (non-2D6) also contribute to the metabolism of fluoxetine. This explains how fluoxetine achieves a steady-state concentration rather than increasing without limit.
Because fluoxetine's metabolism, like that of a number of other compounds including TCAs and other SSRIs, involves the CYP2D6 system, concomitant therapy with drugs also metabolized by this enzyme system (such as the TCAs) may lead to drug interactions [see Drug Interactions ( 7.6 )] . Accumulation and slow elimination —The relatively slow elimination of fluoxetine (elimination half-life of 1 to 3 days after acute administration and 4 to 6 days after chronic administration) and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine (elimination half-life of 4 to 16 days after acute and chronic administration), leads to significant accumulation of these active species in chronic use and delayed attainment of steady state, even when a fixed dose is used [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] .
After 30 days of dosing at 40 mg/day, plasma concentrations of fluoxetine in the range of 91 to 302 ng/mL and… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🧬 Pharmacodynamics ▾
12.2Pharmacodynamics Studies at clinically relevant doses in man have demonstrated that fluoxetine blocks the uptake of serotonin into human platelets. Studies in animals also suggest that fluoxetine is a much more potent uptake inhibitor of serotonin than of norepinephrine. Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and α 1 -adrenergic receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of classical TCA drugs.
Fluoxetine binds to these and other membrane receptors from brain tissue much less potently in vitro than do the tricyclic drugs.
🔬 Clinical Studies ▾
14 CLINICAL STUDIES Efficacy for fluoxetine was established for the: Acute and maintenance treatment of MDD in adults, and children and adolescents (8 to 18 years) in 7 short-term and 2 long-term, placebo-controlled trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )]. Acute treatment of obsessions and compulsions in adults, and children and adolescents (7 to 17 years) with OCD in 3 short-term, placebo-controlled trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. Acute and maintenance treatment of binge-eating and vomiting behaviors in adult patients with moderate to severe Bulimia Nervosa in 3 short-term and 1 long-term, placebo-controlled trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )].
Acute treatment of Panic Disorder, with or without agoraphobia, in adult patients in 2 short-term, placebo-controlled trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14.4 )].
14.1Major Depressive Disorder Daily Dosing Adult— The efficacy of fluoxetine was studied in 5- and 6- week placebo-controlled trials with depressed adult and geriatric outpatients (≥18 years of age) whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the DSM-III (currently DSM-IV) category of MDD. Fluoxetine was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Fluoxetine was also significantly more effective than placebo on the HAM-D subscores for depressed mood, sleep disturbance, and the anxiety subfactor.
Two 6- week controlled studies (N = 671, randomized) comparing fluoxetine 20 mg and placebo have shown fluoxetine 20 mg daily to be effective in the treatment of elderly patients (≥60 years of age) with MDD. In these studies, fluoxetine produced a significantly higher rate of response and remission as defined, respectively, by a 50% decrease in the HAM-D score and a total endpoint HAM-D score of ≤ 8. Fluoxetine was well tolerated and the rate of treatment discontinuations due to adverse reactions did not differ between fluoxetine (12%) and placebo (9%).
A study was conducted involving depressed outpatients who had responded (modified HAMD-17 score of ≤7 during each of the last 3 weeks of open-label treatment and absence of MDD by DSM-III-R criteria) by the end of an initial 12- week, open-treatment phase on fluoxetine 20 mg/day. These patients (N = 298) were randomized to continuation on double-blind fluoxetine 20 mg/day or placebo. At 38 weeks (50 weeks total), a statistically significantly lower relapse rate (defined as symptoms sufficient to meet a diagnosis of MDD for 2 weeks or a modified HAMD-17 score of ≥14 for 3 weeks) was observed for patients taking fluoxetine compared with those on placebo.
Pediatric (children and adolescents)— The efficacy of fluoxetine 20 mg/day in children and adolescents (N = 315 randomized; 170 children ages 8 to <13, 145 adolescents ages 13 to ≤18) was studied in two 8- to 9- week placebo-controlled clinical trials in depressed outpatients whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the DSM-III-R or DSM-IV category of MDD. In both studies independently, fluoxetine produced a statistically significantly greater mean change on the Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) total score from baseline to endpoint than did placebo.
Subgroup analyses on the CDRS-R total score did not suggest any differential responsiveness on the basis of age or gender.
14.2Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Adult —The effectiveness of fluoxetine for the treatment of OCD was demonstrated in two 13-week, multicenter, parallel-group studies (studies 1 and 2) of adult outpatients who received fixed fluoxetine doses of 20, 40, or 60 mg/day (on a once-a-day schedule, in the morning) or placebo. Patients in both studies had moderate to severe OCD (DSM-III-R), with mean baseline ratings on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS, total score) ranging from 22 to 26. In study 1, patients receiving fluoxetine experienced mean reductions of approximately 4 to 6 units on the YBOCS total score, compared with a 1-unit reduction for placebo patients… [Excerpted — this section continues on DailyMed.]
🔒 Drug Abuse and Dependence ▾
9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
9.3Dependence Fluoxetine has not been systematically studied, in animals or humans, for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. While the premarketing clinical experience with fluoxetine did not reveal any tendency for a withdrawal syndrome or any drug seeking behavior, these observations were not systematic and it is not possible to predict on the basis of this limited experience the extent to which a CNS- active drug will be misused, diverted, and/or abused once marketed. Consequently, physicians should carefully evaluate patients for history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse of fluoxetine (eg, development of tolerance, incrementation of dose, drug-seeking behavior).
🧪 Nonclinical Toxicology ▾
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis —The dietary administration of fluoxetine to rats and mice for 2 years at doses of up to 10 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day, respectively [approximately 1.2 and 0.7 times, respectively, the MRHD of 80 mg on a mg/m 2 basis], produced no evidence of carcinogenicity. Mutagenesis —Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine have been shown to have no genotoxic effects based on the following assays: bacterial mutation assay, DNA repair assay in cultured rat hepatocytes, mouse lymphoma assay, and in vivo sister chromatid exchange assay in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells.
Impairment of Fertility —Two fertility studies conducted in adult rats at doses of up to 7.5 mg/kg/day and 12.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.9 and 1.5 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) indicated that fluoxetine had no adverse effects on fertility. However, adverse effects on fertility were seen when juvenile rats were treated with fluoxetine [ see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 ) ].
13.2Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Phospholipids are increased in some tissues of mice, rats, and dogs given fluoxetine chronically. This effect is reversible after cessation of fluoxetine treatment. Phospholipid accumulation in animals has been observed with many cationic amphiphilic drugs, including fenfluramine, imipramine, and ranitidine. The significance of this effect in humans is unknown.
📄 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility ▾
13.1Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis —The dietary administration of fluoxetine to rats and mice for 2 years at doses of up to 10 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day, respectively [approximately 1.2 and 0.7 times, respectively, the MRHD of 80 mg on a mg/m 2 basis], produced no evidence of carcinogenicity. Mutagenesis —Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine have been shown to have no genotoxic effects based on the following assays: bacterial mutation assay, DNA repair assay in cultured rat hepatocytes, mouse lymphoma assay, and in vivo sister chromatid exchange assay in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells.
Impairment of Fertility —Two fertility studies conducted in adult rats at doses of up to 7.5 mg/kg/day and 12.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.9 and 1.5 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) indicated that fluoxetine had no adverse effects on fertility. However, adverse effects on fertility were seen when juvenile rats were treated with fluoxetine [ see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 ) ].
📄 Recent Major Changes ▾
RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions, ( 5.2 , 5.7 ) 8/2023
📄 Package Label / Principal Display Panel ▾
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Fluoxetine-02.jpg
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