Sulfur Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More
What is this page for?
First and foremost: how Sulfur interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Sulfur is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.
But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Sulfur is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Check Sulfur against your medication
Add one medicationDrugs that interact with Sulfur
0 medications have a known interaction with Sulfur, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.
We don’t currently list any known drug interactions for Sulfur. This doesn’t guarantee none exist — always confirm with your pharmacist before combining supplements with your medications.
What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean
Severity — How Serious It Can Be
- Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
- Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
- Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
- No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.
Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented
- Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
- Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
- Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
- Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Where This Data Comes From
- Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
- Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Sulfur combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
- Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
Sulfur: Uses, Safety & Side Effects
Sulfur is a mineral used mainly in topical skin products for acne, rosacea, dandruff, and certain skin infections, and has a long history in dermatology. Topical sulfur is generally well tolerated but can be drying and smelly; oral sulfur supplements like MSM are taken for joint pain, though the evidence is limited. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting any sulfur product.
- Part used
- Elemental sulfur (mineral) or sulfur-containing compounds
- Common forms
- Topical creams, ointments, lotions, soaps, and bath products; oral MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) capsules and powders
- Acne and oily skin
- Rosacea
- Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff
- Scabies and other skin parasites
- Joint pain (as MSM)
Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.
Topical sulfur is generally well tolerated, but it can irritate skin and oral forms are less studied.
When applied topically and appropriately, short-term. Topical products containing sulfur in concentrations up to 6% have been safely applied nightly f...
Read the full pregnancy detailWhen applied topically and appropriately, short-term. Topical products containing sulfur in concentrations up to 6% have been safely applied nightly f...
Read the full breastfeeding detailPregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.
Overview
Sulfur is a naturally occurring chemical element and mineral found in the earth. It has been used in medicine and skin care for centuries. In its yellow, powdered form, elemental sulfur is added to many creams, ointments, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.
Sulfur is also part of larger compounds. One popular dietary supplement, MSM (methylsulfonylmethane), is an organic sulfur compound taken by mouth. Sulfur is also a building block of certain amino acids and proteins in the body.
Today, the most common use of sulfur is on the skin. People use it for acne, rosacea, dandruff, and some skin infections. Oral sulfur supplements are mainly used for joint and muscle discomfort.
How it works
Topical sulfur is thought to have keratolytic effects, meaning it helps soften and shed the top layer of skin. This may help unclog pores and reduce flaking. Sulfur also appears to have mild antibacterial and antifungal properties, which may explain its use in acne, dandruff, and certain skin infections.
For scabies, sulfur is believed to be toxic to the mites and their eggs when applied to the skin.
Sulfur is also a natural part of some amino acids and proteins in the body. Supporters of MSM suggest it provides sulfur the body can use, and some lab and animal research points to possible anti-inflammatory effects. Much of this mechanism research is preliminary and does not prove a clear benefit in people.
Does Sulfur work?
How to read these evidence grades
Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.
Possibly Effective Dandruff
Sulfur is an FDA-permitted ingredient of over-the-counter (OTC) topical products to treat dandruff. However, efficacy data from clinical trials is limited. In a study of 48 adults using shampoos containing sulfur 2%, salicylic acid 2%, or both ingredients twice weekly for 5 weeks, reductions in scaling and the number of desquamating cells per square centimeter were greater with any of the active treatments compared with the shampoo base alone. However, the combination of both ingredients produced significantly greater and earlier reductions than either active ingredient alone.
Possibly Effective Scabies
Applying topical preparations of 5% to 20% precipitated sulfur in petrolatum appears to be effective for the treatment of scabies in some patients. Response occurs in 24% to 97% of patients, but is unpleasant due to the smell. Sulfur preparations are applied overnight (10-12 hours) for between 3 and 6 nights, with reduced efficacy when used for only 24 hours. Concentrations should be limited to between 2% and 6% for infants, children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
Also studied for 6 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Acne
Sulfur in concentrations of 3% to 10% is an FDA-permitted ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) topical products to treat acne. However, efficacy data is mainly anecdotal. Creams and ointments containing 1% to 10% sulfur have been used to treat acne for many decades, but sulfur is now generally found in combination with benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or sodium sulfacetamide.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
A preliminary clinical study suggests that using a homeopathic nasal spray containing sulfur, luffa, Galphimia glauca, and histamine for 42 days has similar efficacy to cromolyn sodium nasal spray for relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Preliminary clinical research shows that inhalation of aerosolized sulfurous water (Acqua Breta, Terme di Riolo) 5 mL once daily for 12 days does not improve lung function when compared with baseline in patients with COPD.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Common cold
A preliminary clinical study suggests that taking a homeopathic product containing sulfur and German ipecac (Engystol, Heel GmbH) orally for up to 2 weeks during a cold provides similar symptomatic relief to conventional over-the-counter remedies such as antihistamines, antitussives, and NSAIDs.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hyperlipidemia
A preliminary clinical study suggests that drinking 50 mL of water from a sulfurous spring three times daily for 4 weeks reduces total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and decreases platelet aggregability. However, the study has methodological problems, including the lack of a control group, and does not address the effects of sulfur alone.
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rosacea
Preliminary clinical research shows that applying sulfur 10% in an emollient base (Diprobase, Merck Sharp and Dohme) once daily for 4 weeks is as effective as oral tetracycline (300 mg twice daily for 1 week, then 150 mg twice daily for 3 weeks) for reducing rosacea papules and pustules. Using a combination of sulfur 5% and sodium sulfacetamide 10% in a topical emollient foam (Clarifoam EF, Onset Dermatologics) twice daily also seems to reduce the severity of rosacea. Other clinical research shows that using this same product for 8 weeks reduces inflammatory lesions by an additional 42% and erythema by an additional 52% when compared with placebo. In another study, using foam containing sulfur 5% and sodium sulfacetamide 10% for 8 weeks reduced papules, pustules, and overall severity of rosacea more than topical metronidazole 0.75% gel.
Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.
Safety & precautions
Topical sulfur is generally considered safe and well tolerated when used as directed. The most common problem is skin irritation, dryness, or a noticeable odor. People with sensitive skin should test a small area first.
Oral sulfur supplements like MSM are less thoroughly studied. People with kidney problems, or those who take many medications, should be especially careful and check with a healthcare provider before use.
Pregnancy: Topical sulfur is sometimes considered a lower-risk option for certain skin conditions, but you should still talk with your doctor before using it. Avoid unproven oral supplements during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding: There is limited information. Use only with guidance from your healthcare provider, and avoid applying sulfur products to the breast or nipple area where a baby could ingest them.
As with any supplement or skin product, talk to your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you have existing health conditions or take other medicines.
Side effects
Common side effects of topical sulfur include:
- Dryness, redness, or peeling of the skin
- Itching or mild burning
- An unpleasant rotten-egg or sulfur smell
- Staining of clothing or skin (with some products)
Oral sulfur supplements such as MSM may cause mild stomach upset, bloating, diarrhea, or headache in some people.
Serious reactions are uncommon. Stop use and seek medical care if you develop signs of an allergic reaction, such as a widespread rash, swelling, or trouble breathing.
Sulfur: Reported Adverse Effects
Documented safety reports on Sulfur from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.
Topically, sulfur is generally well tolerated when used in concentrations of up to 10%. Adverse effects include skin dryness, irritation, and pruritus. Orally, sulfur has been reported to cause diarrhea and metabolic acidosis.
- Roos, T. C., Alam, M., Roos, S., Merk, H. F., and Bickers, D. R. Pharmacotherapy of ectoparasitic infections. Drugs 2001;61(8):1067-88.
- Pelle, M. T., Crawford, G. H., and James, W. D. Rosacea: II. Therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:499-512.
- Gupta, A. K. and Nicol, K. The use of sulfur in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol 2004;3(4):427-31.
- Akhavan, A. and Bershad, S. Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4(7):473-92.
- Lin, A. N., Reimer, R. J., and Carter, D. M. Sulfur revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18(3):553-8.
- Blum, J. E. and Coe, F. L. Metabolic acidosis after sulfur ingestion. N Engl J Med 1977;297(16):869-70.
Diabetes Renal
There is one case report of metabolic acidosis occurring in a 57-year-old woman who had consumed approximately 250 grams of flowers of sulfur, a form of sulfur prepared by sublimation, over a 6-day period. Underlying conditions, including diabetes and renal failure, may have contributed to the acidosis. Sulfur is converted to sulfide by colonic bacteria and then to sulfate in various tissues, generating hydrogen ions which can lead to acidosis when clearance mechanisms are overwhelmed.
Diarrhea Gastrointestinal
Orally, sulfur is converted to sulfide in the gastrointestinal tract, causing intestinal irritation which can lead to diarrhea.
Pruritus Dermatologic
Topically, application of sulfur preparations can cause dryness, leading to local irritation and pruritus in up to 28% of patients.
- Roos, T. C., Alam, M., Roos, S., Merk, H. F., and Bickers, D. R. Pharmacotherapy of ectoparasitic infections. Drugs 2001;61(8):1067-88.
- Pelle, M. T., Crawford, G. H., and James, W. D. Rosacea: II. Therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:499-512.
- Gupta, A. K. and Nicol, K. The use of sulfur in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol 2004;3(4):427-31.
- Akhavan, A. and Bershad, S. Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4(7):473-92.
- Lin, A. N., Reimer, R. J., and Carter, D. M. Sulfur revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18(3):553-8.
Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
Dosing
There is no single standardized dose for sulfur, and the right amount depends on the product and how it is used. Topical products contain different concentrations of sulfur, so always follow the directions on the label.
For oral supplements like MSM, there is no firmly established dose. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and do not exceed the recommended amount.
Because products vary so much, it is best to check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take other medicines.
Sulfur & Pregnancy
Sulfur & Breastfeeding
© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center
Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
References & further reading
The 17 references that drive our Sulfur monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
- Blum, J. E. and Coe, F. L. Metabolic acidosis after sulfur ingestion. N Engl J Med 1977;297(16):869-70. PubMed
- Roos, T. C., Alam, M., Roos, S., Merk, H. F., and Bickers, D. R. Pharmacotherapy of ectoparasitic infections. Drugs 2001;61(8):1067-88. PubMed
- Diaz, M., Cazorla, D., and Acosta, M. [Efficacy, safety and acceptability of precipitated sulphur petrolatum for topical treatment of scabies at the city of Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela]. Rev Invest Clin 2004;56(5):615-22.
- Schmiedel, V. and Klein, P. A complex homeopathic preparation for the symptomatic treatment of upper respiratory infections associated with the common cold: An observational study. Explore (NY) 2006;2(2):109-14. PubMed
- Weiser, M., Gegenheimer, L. H., and Klein, P. A randomized equivalence trial comparing the efficacy and safety of Luffa comp.-Heel nasal spray with cromolyn sodium spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Forsch Komplementarmed 1999;6(3):142- PubMed
- FDA OTC ingredients list, April 2010. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/UCM135691.pdf (accessed 2/7/15).
- Leyden, J. J., McGinley, K. J., Mills, O. H., Kyriakopoulos, A. A., and Kligman, A. M. Effects of sulfur and salicylic acid in a shampoo base in the treatment of dandruff: a double-blind study using corneocyte counts and clinical grading. Cutis 1987;39(6)
- Trumbore, M. W., Goldstein, J. A., and Gurge, R. M. Treatment of papulopustular rosacea with sodium sulfacetamide 10%/sulfur 5% emollient foam. J Drugs Dermatol 2009;8(3):299-304.
- Pelle, M. T., Crawford, G. H., and James, W. D. Rosacea: II. Therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:499-512.
- Blom I, Hornmark AM. Topical treatment with sulfur 10 per cent for rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol 1984;64:358-9. DOI
- Gupta, A. K. and Nicol, K. The use of sulfur in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol 2004;3(4):427-31.
- Akhavan, A. and Bershad, S. Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4(7):473-92.
- Wilkinson RD, Adam JE, Murray JJ, Craig GE. Benzoyl peroxide and sulfur: foundation for acne management. Can Med Assoc J 1966;95(1):28-9.
- Food and Drug Administration. Classification of benzoyl peroxide as safe and effective and revision of labeling to drug facts format; topical acne drug products for over-the-counter human use; final rule. Federal Register 2010;75(42):9767-77.
- Lin, A. N., Reimer, R. J., and Carter, D. M. Sulfur revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18(3):553-8.
- Goszcz, A., Kostka-Trabka, E., Grodzinska, L., et al. [The effect of treatment with sulphur water from the spring in Wieslaw in Busko-Solec on levels of lipids, the fibrinolytic system and thrombogenic platelet function in patients with arteriosclerosis].
- Contoli M, Gnesini G, Forini G, et al. Reducing agents decrease the oxidative burst and improve clinical outcomes in COPD patients: a randomised controlled trial on the effects of sulphurous thermal water inhalation. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Dec 23;20 PubMed
This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Brands that make products with Sulfur
104 brands in our database make a supplement containing Sulfur.
Supplement products with Sulfur
500 products in our database contain Sulfur. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.
Sulfur: Common Questions
What is Sulfur used for, and does it work?
Does Sulfur interact with prescription medications?
How are Sulfur interactions rated?
Is it safe to take Sulfur with my medications?
Where does this Sulfur interaction information come from?
What is Sulfur used for?
Is topical Sulfur safe to use?
Why do Sulfur products smell bad?
Can I use Sulfur products while pregnant?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Products that contain Sulfur
A rotating sample of real supplements in our database that list Sulfur — open any to see its full ingredients and every drug interaction we check.
- ConcenTrace Trace Mineral Drops by Trace Minerals
- Gammadyn S by UNDA Gammadyn
- Premium Adult Multi-Vitamin Mineral by Tropical Oasis
- Electrolyte Stamina by Trace Minerals TM Sport
- Grape Colloidal Minerals by Buried Treasure Liquid Nutrients
- Double Strength Glucosamine MSM Complex by Vitamin World
- 5M Trace Minerals by True Botanica
- ConcenTrace Trace Mineral Drops by Trace Minerals
- Stress-X by Trace Minerals Research
- Multivitamin Tablets by InVite
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