Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

7-KETO Lean Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Integrative Therapeutics

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

7-KETO Lean is a dietary supplement by Integrative Therapeutics with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for mental focus and alertness, coping with stress, fatigue and sleep loss.Based on those ingredients, 498 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Parsley, Inositol, Copper. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

7-KETO Lean contains 7 active ingredients. L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make neurotransmitters and thyroid hormones.

Inositol is a compound that plays a role in cell signaling and may support metabolic health. Choline is an essential nutrient needed for brain function and cell membranes.

Iodine is a mineral required for thyroid hormone production. 7-keto is a metabolite related to DHEA.

Copper is a trace mineral involved in energy and connective tissue. Parsley is an herb traditionally used for various wellness purposes.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—hypromellose, magnesium stearate, and silica—which are fillers and binders in the capsule.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Phenylketonuria (PKU) — rated "Effective" (Tyrosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Copper deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Copper) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Radiation exposure — rated "Likely Effective" (Iodine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Iodine deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Iodine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cognitive function — rated "Possibly Effective" (Tyrosine) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for this product's ingredients varies widely. L-tyrosine is effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and possibly effective for cognitive function and memory, though possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Inositol is possibly effective for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome, but possibly ineffective for anxiety, diabetic nerve pain, and depression. For iodine, the data supports it as likely effective for radiation exposure and iodine deficiency, and possibly effective for mouth sores and gum disease.

Choline, copper, and parsley lack established effectiveness ratings in our data for most conditions. 7-keto shows insufficient evidence across all rated conditions including PTSD, obesity, depression, and aging.

Overall, evidence is strongest for iodine's use in deficiency and radiation exposure.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Tyrosine Inositol Choline Iodine 7-keto-dhea Copper Parsley

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-tyrosine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but not enough safety data exists for routine supplementation without a doctor's advice. The most common side effects at normal doses are fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea; higher doses can worsen these.

Inositol is generally well tolerated with mostly mild digestive effects like diarrhea, gas, and nausea. It is possibly safe in pregnancy under medical supervision but safety is not fully established; lactation data is not on file.

Choline is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation at recommended amounts, though high doses carry a daily upper limit. Its most common side effect is a fishy body odor; very high doses (9 grams or more daily) can cause nausea, vomiting, and digestive upset.

Iodine is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts; high doses can cause thyroid problems, headache, metallic taste, and gastrointestinal upset. It is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation at advised amounts but possibly unsafe in excess.

Iodine can rarely cause allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. 7-keto has limited safety data; short-term use appears tolerated but long-term safety is unclear, and it should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Reported side effects include nausea and dizziness. Copper is safe at standard supplement amounts; excess copper is toxic.

Parsley is safe as a food but concentrated extracts, seeds, and essential oil may not be safe in large amounts; it should be avoided in medicinal doses during pregnancy due to uterine-stimulating effects, though food amounts are fine.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Tyrosine Inositol Choline Iodine 7-keto-dhea Copper Parsley

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Iodine, Inositol, Choline, Parsley, Copper, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 498 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using this product if you take any of the following: diabetes medications (risk of low blood sugar from parsley and inositol), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin (parsley increases bleeding risk), thyroid medications or lithium (L-tyrosine and iodine can interfere), the heart drug amiodarone (iodine interaction), the arthritis drug penicillamine (copper decreases absorption), hormonal contraceptives (copper levels may rise), CYP1A2-metabolized drugs (parsley may raise their levels), water-balance drugs (diuretics—parsley may interfere), the sedative pentobarbital (parsley may prolong effects), the transplant drug sirolimus (parsley may increase levels), or levodopa for Parkinson's disease (L-tyrosine competes for absorption).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

7-KETO Lean is a multi-ingredient formula with documented interactions across nearly 500 medications, especially if you take diabetes drugs, blood thinners, thyroid medications, heart drugs, or sedatives. Before you start, talk with your pharmacist or doctor—they can check your exact medications against this product's ingredients.

If you have thyroid disease, are pregnant, breastfeeding, or take any prescription drug, this conversation is essential.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about 7-KETO Lean, straight from the product label.

Brand Integrative Therapeutics
Barcode (UPC) 871791000827
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 22, 2023
DSLD ID 288680
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for 7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
871791000827
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Tyrosine100 mg--
Inositol50 mg--
Choline20 mg4%
Iodine100 mcg67%
7-Keto100 mg--
Copper0.5 mg56%
Parsley100 mg--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

If you have a family history of prostate cancer, prostate enlargement, heart disease, low HDL cholesterol, or if you are taking any medications or other dietary supplements, consult a healthcare professional before use.

Discontinue use and call a healthcare professional immediately if you experience rapid heartbeat, dizziness, blurred vision, or other similar symptoms.

Keep out of reach of children.

Safety sealed with printed inner seal. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.

Do not exceed recommended dose. Exceeding the recommended dose may cause serious adverse health effects. Possible side effects include acne, hair loss, hair growth on the face (in women), aggressiveness, irritability, and increased levels of estrogen.

Do not use if you are pregnant. nursing, under the age of 18, or if you have known hypersensitivity to iodine or hyperthyroidism.

General Statements

For more information, please visit integrativepro.com.

Storage

Keep tightly closed. Store at room temperature. Avoid excessive heat and direct sunlight.

Formulation

Contains no wheat, gluten, soy, dairy, or artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives.

Brand IP Statement(s)

7-KETO 7-KETO is a Lonza trademark. Copyright 2022 Distributed by Integrated Therapeutics, LLC

Seals/Symbols

Quality Global Sourcing Bottled & Tested in the USA

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formula

Ephedra-free DHEA Metabolite

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendation: Adults take 1 capsule twice daily.

See for yourself

7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in 7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Tyrosine

Interacts with
21 drugs
100 mg per serving

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performan...

L-Tyrosine monograph & interactions

Inositol

Interacts with
86 drugs
50 mg per serving

Inositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, m...

Inositol monograph & interactions

Choline

Interacts with
16 drugs
20 mg per serving Form: Choline Bitartrate

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...

Choline monograph & interactions

Iodine

Interacts with
7 drugs
100 mcg per serving Form: Potassium Iodide

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements...

Iodine monograph & interactions

7-Keto

No known
interactions
100 mg per serving

7-keto-DHEA is a lab-made metabolite of the hormone DHEA that is marketed mainly for weight loss and a faster metabolism. Unlike DHEA, it is not thoug...

7-Keto monograph & interactions

Copper

Interacts with
31 drugs
0.5 mg per serving Form: Copper Gluconate

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes wor...

Copper monograph & interactions

Parsley

Interacts with
443 drugs
100 mg per serving

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...

Parsley monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against 7-KETO Lean?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
498Drugs
472 Moderate 26 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Parsley 443
Copper 31
Choline 16

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in 7-KETO Lean with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Parsley8 drug types · 443 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sirolimus (Rapamune)

Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Inositol1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking inositol with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that inositol lowers blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Theoretically, taking copper with penicillamine might decrease the absorption of penicillamine; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
Copper chelates penicillamine, which decreases its absorption and may reduce its clinical effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking copper with contraceptive drugs might increase the levels and toxic effects of copper.
A meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests that chronic use of oral contraceptives increases serum copper levels by a mean of 57 mcg/dL. In most people, this resulted in levels above the normal reference range for copper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

L-Tyrosine2 drug types · 21 drugs

Levodopa

Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

Atropine

Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Iodine3 drug types · 7 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Combining iodine with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use with iodine might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Iodine might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking iodine while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Combining iodine with lithium might have additive hypothyroid effects.
Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. Several case reports suggest that concomitant use of lithium and potassium iodide can reduce thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for 7-KETO Lean, from the product label.

Integrative Therapeutics

See all Integrative Therapeutics products
Name
Integrative Therapeutics, LLC
City
Green Bay
State
WI
ZipCode
54311
Phone Number
800.931.1709
Web Address
integrativepro.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics: Common Questions

Does 7-KETO Lean by Integrative Therapeutics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, 7-KETO Lean has a known interaction with 498 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
7-KETO Lean contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product contain any ingredients I haven't heard of?
Yes. 7-keto is a metabolite derived from DHEA; it's not a common food ingredient. The others—L-tyrosine, inositol, choline, iodine, copper, and parsley—are either amino acids, nutrients, minerals, or an herb found in food. All seven are the active ingredients in this formula.
Is L-tyrosine safe to take every day?
L-tyrosine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but there isn't enough safety data to recommend regular use without talking to a healthcare provider first. Most common side effects are fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Safety data is mixed across the ingredients. Inositol is possibly safe in pregnancy under medical supervision; choline is likely safe at recommended amounts; iodine is likely safe at advised amounts. But 7-keto should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and parsley in medicinal amounts may stimulate the uterus. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
What side effects might I experience?
Most common are digestive: nausea, heartburn, diarrhea, and gas from various ingredients. L-tyrosine may cause fatigue or headache. Choline at very high doses can cause a fishy body odor. Iodine can cause a metallic taste. Rare but serious effects from parsley at very high doses include anaphylaxis and allergic swelling.
Does this product have any fillers?
Yes. The inactive ingredients are hypromellose (a capsule material), magnesium stearate (a binder), and silica (a flow agent). These are standard excipients used in supplements.
Is there enough evidence that this product actually works?
Evidence varies by ingredient. Iodine is well supported for iodine deficiency and radiation exposure. L-tyrosine has some evidence for memory and cognitive function. The others—inositol, choline, 7-keto, copper, and parsley—either lack strong evidence for the conditions this product may target, or evidence is rated insufficient in our data.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if 7-KETO Lean is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

7-KETO Lean label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind 7-KETO Lean’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Tyrosine

Interacts with 21 drugs

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...

Read the full Tyrosine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Inositol

Interacts with 86 drugs

Inositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, mood, and metabolic concerns. The stronge...

Read the full Inositol monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Iodine

Interacts with 7 drugs

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements help when you are truly deficient, but...

Read the full Iodine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

7-keto-dhea

7-keto-DHEA is a lab-made metabolite of the hormone DHEA that is marketed mainly for weight loss and a faster metabolism. Unlike DHEA, it is not thought to convert into estrogen or testoster...

Read the full 7-keto-dhea monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Copper

Interacts with 31 drugs

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes work. Most people get enough copper from fo...

Read the full Copper monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Parsley

Interacts with 443 drugs

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...

Read the full Parsley monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

7-KETO Lean's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 92 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Tyrosine 4 references
  1. Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
  2. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  3. Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:146-9.
  4. van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Tyrosine monograph →

Inositol 14 references
  1. Palatnik A, Frolov K, Fux M, Benjamin J. Double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:335-9.. PubMed
  2. Allan SJ, Kavanagh GM, Herd RM, Savin JA. The effect of inositol supplements on the psoriasis of patients taking lithium: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:966-9. PubMed
  3. Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
  4. Kamenov Z, Kolarov G, Gateva A, Carlomagno G, Genazzani AD. Ovulation induction with myo-inositol alone and in combination with clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015;31(2):131-5. PubMed
  5. Matarrelli B, Vitacolonna E, D'Angelo M, et al. Effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation in pregnancy on the incidence of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26(1 PubMed
  6. Mukai T, Kishi T, Matsuda Y, Iwata N. A meta-analysis of inositol for depression and anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014;29(1):55-63. PubMed
  7. Farren M, Daly N, McKeating A, Kinsley B, Turner MJ, Daly S. The Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Antenatal Oral Inositol Supplementation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(6):759-63. PubMed
  8. Zheng X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, et al. Relationship Between Myo-Inositol Supplementary and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(42):e1604. PubMed
  9. Crawford TJ, Crowther CA, Alsweiler J, Brown J. Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(12):CD011507. PubMed
  10. Maurizi AR, Menduni M, Del Toro R, et al. A pilot study of D-chiro-inositol plus folic acid in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(4):361-65. PubMed
  11. Leppink EW, Redden SA, Grant JE. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inositol in trichotillomania. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;32(2):107-14. PubMed
  12. Lam S, Mandrekar SJ, Gesthalter Y. A Randomized Phase IIb Trial of myo-Inositol in Smokers with Bronchial Dysplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2016;9(12):906-14.
  13. Wozniak J, Faraone SV, Chan J, et al. A randomized clinical trial of high eicosapentaenoic acid omega-3 fatty acids and inositol as monotherapy and in combination in the treatment of pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. PubMed
  14. Vitale SG, Corrado F, Caruso S, et al. Myo-inositol supplementation to prevent gestational diabetes in overweight non-obese women: bioelectrical impedance analysis, metabolic aspects, obstetric and neonatal outcomes - a randomized and open-label, placebo-

See these in context on the Inositol monograph →

Choline 14 references
  1. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  2. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
  3. Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
  4. Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
  5. Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
  6. Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
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Iodine 26 references
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Copper 11 references
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Parsley 21 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
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  8. Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardag R, et al. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:138-41.. DOI
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  11. Jakovljevic, V., Raskovic, A., Popovic, M., and Sabo, J. The effect of celery and parsley juices on pharmacodynamic activity of drugs involving cytochrome P450 in their metabolism. Eur.J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;27(3):153-156. PubMed
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  13. Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S., Tabakoglu-Oguz, A., and Ozsoy-Sacan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(8):1206-1210. PubMed
  14. Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozsoy-Sacan, O., and Karabulut-Bulan, O. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. Phytother.Res 2004;18(12):996-999.
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  21. Kurtaran M, Koc NS, Aksun MS, Yildirim T, Yilmaz SR, Erdem Y. Petroselinum crispum, a commonly consumed food, affects sirolimus level in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021;12:20420986211009358.

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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