Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Alpha King Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Force Factor

Alpha King label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Alpha King against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Alpha King is a dietary supplement by Force Factor with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for blood sugar control, boosting breast milk supply, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 390 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract, Tribulus terrestris. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Alpha King by Force Factor

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Alpha King by Force Factor — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Alpha King by Force Factor

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Alpha King has four active ingredients. Three of them—AlphaFen fenugreek seed liposomal extract, tribulus terrestris, and black maca root extract—are herbal extracts traditionally used to support sexual function.

The fourth ingredient, DIM, is present but we don't hold detailed data on its role or effects. The product also contains several inactive ingredients (gelatin, dicalcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, silica, titanium dioxide, and color additives FD&C Red #40, FD&C Blue #1, and FD&C Yellow #6) that serve as capsule material, binder, and color.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: boost free testosterone and male vitality.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related testosterone deficiency, Athletic performance, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Exercise-induced muscle damage, Male infertility, Muscle strength — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Fenugreek is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction, Sexual arousal.
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

Evidence for sexual function support is modest across the active ingredients we have data for. Fenugreek is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction and sexual arousal.

Tribulus terrestris is also rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction, though it's rated possibly ineffective for athletic performance and we hold insufficient evidence to rate it for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Black maca root extract has insufficient evidence for all conditions we reviewed, including amenorrhea, anemia, sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants, athletic performance, and bone health.

We hold no effectiveness data for DIM.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Fenugreek Tribulus Maca

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Fenugreek is generally well tolerated at food amounts, but supplement doses can cause gastrointestinal upset—abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence are the most common side effects. Rare serious allergic reactions including angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock have been reported.

Fenugreek is likely unsafe during pregnancy due to potential effects on the uterus; possibly safe while breastfeeding, though evidence is limited. Tribulus is often well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though long-term safety data are limited.

Gastrointestinal side effects (abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation) can occur; rare serious effects include liver and kidney injury and seizures. Avoid tribulus during pregnancy and breastfeeding—safety isn't established.

Black maca may cause stomach pain if consumed fresh and uncooked; it's generally well tolerated as food but long-term supplement safety hasn't been studied. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Fenugreek Tribulus Maca

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tribulus, Fenugreek.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 390 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take Alpha King, double-check if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel (moderate risk), blood pressure medications or diabetes drugs (moderate risk), lithium (moderate risk), theophylline, warfarin, metoprolol, phenytoin, or sildenafil (all moderate risk). We couldn't check DIM for interactions, so mention that ingredient to your pharmacist too.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Alpha King is marketed to support sexual function and athletic performance. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, blood pressure drugs, lithium, or anti-seizure medication, you'll want to check your specific prescriptions with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether this product is right for you, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing any chronic condition.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Alpha King, straight from the product label.

Brand Force Factor
Barcode (UPC) 818594013715
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2019
DSLD ID 193174
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Alpha King by Force Factor, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
818594013715
IngredientAmount% DV
AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract400 mg--
Tribulus terrestris150 mg--
Black Maca root extract100 mg--
DIM100 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Dicalcium Phosphate, Magnesium Stearate, Silica, Titanium Dioxide, FD&C Red #40, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #6

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Unleash your potential

The same characteristics attributed to kings ultimately define all successful men: power and confidence, relentless drive and ambition, and the desire to achieve greatness and leave a lasting legacy. Never before have these qualities been more attainable.

More free testosterone leads to a heightened sexual appetite and noticeable increase in libido. It means more energy and better physical performance. It amplifies passion and virility, and it promises to give you the competitive edge you need to rise to the pinnacle of masculinity. Bottom line, Alpha King's premium formula helps you experience fully what it means to be a man, and it endows you with the ability to truly unleash your potential.

Facebook Instagram Snapchat

Premier free testosterone booster Build lean muscle Boost sex drive & libido Improve performance Superior bioavailability

Speak with one of our experts 1-800-938-3701 In conjunction with a resistance training program.

Proudly manufactured in the U.S. from foreign and domestic ingredients.

Formula

Alpha King, the strongest male vitality supplement to date from Force Factor, delivers an enviable boost of free testosterone when paired with the resistance training that helps men build lean muscle.

An elite new ingredient Alpha King's AlphaFen is a new generation of fenugreek seed extract, with enhanced bioavailability to help boost free testosterone to elite levels.

The secret to AlphaFen's success resides in its high concentration of sapogenins, a constituent compound fenugreek that is believed to block the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to estrogen. Maximizing bioavailable sapogenins in the blood is the quickest way to ensure results. Alpha King also includes traditional male sexual health ingredients, including DIM (diindolylmethane), tribulus terrestris, and black maca.

Overall, Alpha King is a formula you can literally feel working, helping you ascend to the crown of manliness.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions Take 1 capsule daily with breakfast.

It is so powerful that you only need one small capsule per day to experience its full benefits.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Presenting Alpha Fen

AlphaFen is a registered trademark of Specnova, LLC.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

For adult use only.

Allergen Warning: Manufactured by equipment which processes products containing milk, eggs, soybeans, wheat, shellfish, fish oil, tree nuts, and peanut flavor.

Precautions: Use only as directed.

Consult a healthcare professional before use if you are pregnant or nursing, have a medical condition, or use prescription medications.

Ask your doctor if your heart is strong enough for exercise and sex.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from heat, light, and moisture.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General

17-1

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Alpha King by Force Factor label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Alpha King label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Alpha King by Force Factor

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract

Interacts with
389 drugs
400 mg per serving Form: Sapogenins

Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. So...

AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract monograph & interactions

Tribulus terrestris

Interacts with
259 drugs
150 mg per serving

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims...

Tribulus terrestris monograph & interactions

Black Maca root extract

No known
interactions
100 mg per serving

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire an...

Black Maca root extract monograph & interactions

DIM

100 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Dicalcium Phosphate, Magnesium Stearate, Silica, Titanium Dioxide, FD&C Red #40, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #6. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Alpha King by Force Factor Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Alpha King?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
390Drugs
390 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract 389
Tribulus terrestris 259

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Alpha King interact with 390 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Alpha King interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract Tribulus terrestris

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Alpha King with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract9 drug types · 389 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels .

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that fenugreek seed can reduce fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metoprolol (Toprol)

Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
Some fenugreek constituents have antiplatelet effects, although these might not be present in concentrations that are clinically significant. In one case report, a patient taking warfarin experienced an increased INR when starting to take fenugreek in combination with boldo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Fenugreek may also have an additive effect on blood pressure-lowering medications. Studies on animals have shown that fenugreek seed can decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by up to 22% when combined with metoprolol. Therefore, it is essential to monitor your blood pressure regularly if you are taking fenugreek and metoprolol together or any other antihypertensive drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
AlphaFen Fenugreek seed Liposomal extract full monograph & interactions

Tribulus terrestris3 drug types · 259 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tribulus terrestris full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Alpha King, from the product label.

Force Factor

Name
Force Factor, LLC
City
Boston
State
MA
ZipCode
02108
Phone Number
1-800-938-3701
Web Address
www.forcefactor.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Alpha King by Force Factor: Common Questions

Does Alpha King by Force Factor interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Alpha King has a known interaction with 390 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Alpha King contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does fenugreek really help with sexual function?
Fenugreek is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction and sexual arousal based on the data we hold, so there's some evidence to suggest it may help—but it's not a proven cure. Results vary, and you should talk with your doctor if you're using it for this purpose.
Can I take this if I'm on blood thinner medication?
Fenugreek may add to the effects of blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, which could increase bleeding risk. This is a moderate-severity concern, so check your exact medication with our tool or call your pharmacist before you start.
What are the most common side effects?
Fenugreek most commonly causes gastrointestinal upset—bloating, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, and abdominal pain. These effects are usually mild. Tribulus and maca can also cause stomach issues, though tribulus side effects in studies were similar to placebo in some cases.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
No. Fenugreek is likely unsafe during pregnancy because it may affect the uterus. Tribulus and black maca are both possibly or likely unsafe in pregnancy, and there isn't enough data to know they're safe. Talk with your doctor if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can I take this if I have diabetes?
Both fenugreek and tribulus may lower blood sugar, so if you're on diabetes medication, there's a moderate risk of blood sugar dropping too low. Check with your pharmacist before starting, and monitor your blood sugar closely if you do take it.
What is DIM, and does it interact with anything?
DIM is one of the four active ingredients in this product, but we don't hold interaction data for it, so we can't tell you whether it affects your medications. Mention it to your pharmacist when you check your prescriptions.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Alpha King is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Alpha King label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Alpha King’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Fenugreek

Interacts with 389 drugs

Fenugreek is a common kitchen spice that is also taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and to support breast milk production. Some early research is encouraging for blo...

Read the full Fenugreek monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tribulus

Interacts with 259 drugs

Tribulus is a plant supplement most often marketed to boost libido, testosterone, and athletic performance, but the human evidence behind these claims is weak and inconsistent. It is general...

Read the full Tribulus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Maca

Maca is a nutrient-rich Andean root often used for energy, libido, and menopause symptoms. Early studies suggest it may modestly help sexual desire and some menopause symptoms, but the evide...

Read the full Maca monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Alpha King's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 41 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Fenugreek 30 references
  1. Madar Z, Thorne R. Dietary fiber. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1987;11:153-74.
  2. Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:301-6.
  3. Patil SP, Niphadkar PV, Bapat MM. Allergy to fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:297-300. PubMed
  4. Lambert J, Cormier J. Potential interaction between warfarin and boldo-fenugreek. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:509-12. PubMed
  5. Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty PubMed
  6. Yalcin SS, Tekinalp G, Ozalp I. Peculiar odor of traditional food and maple syrup urine disease. Pediatr Int 1999;41:108-9. PubMed
  7. Sewell AC, Mosandl A, Bohles H. False diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease owing to ingestion of herbal tea. N Engl J Med 1999;341:769.. PubMed
  8. Abdo MS, al-Kafawi AA. Experimental studies on the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (abstract). Planta Med 1969;17:14-8.
  9. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001;49:1057-61.
  10. Gabay MP. Galactogogues: medications that induce lactation. J Hum Lact 2002;18:274-9. PubMed
  11. Chevassus H, Gaillard JB, Farret A, et al. A fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat intake in overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(5):449-55. PubMed
  12. Turkyilmaz C, Onal E, Hirfanoglu IM, et al. The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17(2):139-42. PubMed
  13. Swafford S, Berens P. Effect of fenugreek on breast milk volume. Abstract presented at: 5th International Meeting of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine; September 11-13,2000, Tucson, Arizona.
  14. Abdel-Barry, J. A., Abdel-Hassan, I. A., Jawad, A. M., and al Hakiem, M. H. Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum in healthy volunteers. East Mediterr.Health J 2000;6(1):83-88. DOI
  15. Parvizpur, A., Ahmadiani, A., and Kamalinejad, M. Probable role of spinal purinoceptors in the analgesic effect of Trigonella foenum (TFG) leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):108-112. PubMed
  16. Mora, A., Herrrera, A., Lopez, C., Dahbi, G., Mamani, R., Pita, J. M., Alonso, M. P., Llovo, J., Bernardez, M. I., Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., and Blanco, J. Characteristics of the Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 German ou
  17. Blanco, J. [Stx2a-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4-ST678. Microbiological diagnostic already, for this and other STEC/VTEC serotypes!]. Enferm.Infecc.Microbiol.Clin. 2012;30(2):84-89.
  18. Beutin, L. and Martin, A. Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 infection in Germany causes a paradigm shift with regard to human pathogenicity of STEC strains. J Food Prot. 2012;75(2):408-418. PubMed
  19. King LA, Nogareda F, Weill FX, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Loukiadis E, Gault G, Jourdan-DaSilva N, Bingen E, Macé M, Thevenot D, Ong N, Castor C, Noël H, Van Cauteren D, Charron M, Vaillant V, Aldabe B, Goulet V, Delmas G, Couturier E, Le Strat Y, Combe C, Delm
  20. Reeder C, Legrand A, O'Connor-Von SK. The Effect of Fenugreek on Milk Production and Prolactin Levels in Mothers of Preterm Infants. Clinical Lactation 2013;4(4):159-165. DOI
  21. Al-Jenoobi FI, Ahad A, Mahrous GM, Al-Mohizea AM, AlKharfy KM, Al-Suwayeh SA. Effects of fenugreek, garden cress, and black seed on theophylline pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Pharm Biol 2015;53(2):296-300. PubMed
  22. Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a doubl
  23. Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and mineral formulation. Phytother Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):1294-300.
  24. Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Hu M, Lu F. Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes and prediabetes: A meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:260-268. PubMed
  25. Ouzir M, El Bairi K, Amzazi S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Oct;96:145-54. PubMed
  26. Khodamoradi K, Khosropanah MH, Ayati Z, et al. The Effects of Fenugreek on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102416. PubMed
  27. Alkharfy K, Jan B, Alotaibi K, et al. Clopidogrel-herb Interactions: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment in a Rat Model. Curr Drug Metab 2021;22(12):969-977. PubMed
  28. Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effects of garden cress, fenugreek and black seed on the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol: an herb-drug interaction study in rats with hypertension. Pharm Biol 2021;59(1):1088-1097. PubMed
  29. Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, El-Maghraby GM, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa, Lepidium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum on sildenafil disposition in beagle dogs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2015;40(2):219-24. PubMed
  30. Alkharfy KM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM, et al. Effects of Lepidium sativum, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graceum on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Phytother Res. 2013;27(12):1800-4.

See these in context on the Fenugreek monograph →

Tribulus 10 references
  1. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats: role of tissue ACE activity. Life Sci 2003;73:2963-71. PubMed
  2. Walker D, Bird A, Flora T, O'Sullivan B. Some effects of feeding Tribulus terrestris, Ipomoea lonchophylla and the seed of Abelmoschus ficulneus on fetal development and the outcome of pregnancy in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 1992;4:135-44. PubMed
  3. Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:257-60. PubMed
  4. Tabakova, P., Dimitrov, M., Ognyanov, K., and et al. Clinical study of Tribestan in females with endocrine sterility. Documentation for Registration (unpublished) 1999.
  5. Akhtari E, Raisi F, Keshavarz M, et al. Tribulus terrestris for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Daru 2014;22:40. PubMed
  6. Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, et al. Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Clin Nephrol 2015;83(3):177-83. PubMed
  7. Postigo S, Lima SM, Yamada SS, et al. Assessment of the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function of menopausal women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38(3):140-6. PubMed
  8. Talasaz AH, Abbasi MR, Abkhiz S, Dashti-Khavidaki S. Tribulus terrestris-induced severe nephrotoxicity in a young healthy male. Nephrol Dial Tranplant 2010;25(11):3792-3. PubMed
  9. Samani NB, Jokar A, Soveid M, Heydari M, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Evid
  10. Siddiqui MA, Itrat M, Mobeen A, Khan MI. Efficacy of khar-i-khasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in prehypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2021.

See these in context on the Tribulus monograph →

Maca 1 reference
  1. Valerio, L. G., Jr. and Gonzales, G. F. Toxicological aspects of the South American herbs cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Maca (Lepidium meyenii) : a critical synopsis. Toxicol.Rev 2005;24(1):11-35. PubMed

See these in context on the Maca monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team