Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Approved Science

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine is a dietary supplement by Approved Science with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for blood sugar support, weight management, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,085 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are BioPerine, Apple Cider Vinegar. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 2 active ingredients: apple cider vinegar and BioPerine (a concentrated form of black pepper extract). Apple cider vinegar is fermented apple juice; BioPerine is standardized to piperine, the compound that gives black pepper its bite and heat.

The capsule is made with cellulose as an inactive ingredient.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The label doesn't state a purpose we can grade — see each ingredient's own graded uses on its monograph instead.

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.

The evidence for apple cider vinegar is insufficient to rate it for acne, athletic performance, cognitive function, dental plaque, depression, or atopic dermatitis (eczema). Similarly, BioPerine has insufficient evidence for allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, or diarrhea.

We don't have established effectiveness data in our files for either ingredient for any claimed use.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Apple Cider Vinegar Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Apple cider vinegar in food amounts is generally well tolerated, but large medicinal doses or unpasteurized supplements carry risks. Long-term use in large amounts has been linked to low potassium, elevated renin levels, and osteoporosis in rare cases.

Topical application can cause chemical burns and skin irritation. BioPerine from black pepper is safe in food amounts; concentrated supplements should be used with caution.

Short-term oral use of black pepper as a medicine is generally well tolerated, though some people report a burning aftertaste, upset stomach, or reduced taste. In rare cases, allergic reactions have occurred.

There is no safety data on file for either ingredient during pregnancy or breastfeeding—talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Apple Cider Vinegar Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, Apple Cider Vinegar.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,086 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Double-check this product if you take water pills (diuretics), digoxin, insulin, diabetes medications, propranolol, nevirapine, rifampin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, pentobarbital, atorvastatin, or theophylline. BioPerine can raise drug levels substantially, and apple cider vinegar poses its own risks with heart and blood sugar medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're taking medications—especially for your heart, blood pressure, blood sugar, seizures, breathing, or infections—you need to check this product against your exact prescriptions before starting. The combination of apple cider vinegar and black pepper extract can significantly alter how your body processes drugs.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 21, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine, straight from the product label.

Brand Approved Science
Barcode (UPC) X00282AL9J
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 21, 2024
DSLD ID 319711
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
X00282AL9J
IngredientAmount% DV
Apple Cider Vinegar1600 mg--
BioPerine10 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, take two capsules daily, (one in the morning and one in the afternoon), before meals with an 8 oz. glass of water.

Precautions

Caution: Do not exceed recommended dose. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

Pregnant women or nursing mothers, children under 18, and individuals with a known medical condition, should consult with a physician before taking this or any other dietary supplement.

Pregnant women or nursing mothers, children under 18, and individuals with a known medical condition, should consult with a physician before taking this or any other dietary supplement. Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store at room temperature.

Formulation

Manufactured in the USA according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and conforms to the tested ingredient grade, strength and purity and industry Quality Standards.

Vegan friendly

Made with GMO free ingredients

Advanced health support Premium grade High potency Safe Fast Natural formula Optimal strength GMP Certified

100% vegan friendly

Seals/Symbols

Vegan friendly Made in USA No animal testing GMP Good Manufacturing Practice Quality product

Formula

Contains BioPerine bioavailability enhancer

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

BioPerine Patented Bioavailability Enhancer

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Interacts with
162 drugs
1600 mg per serving Form: Malus domestica

Apple cider vinegar is a fermented apple product that many people use hoping to help with blood sugar, weight, or digestion. The evidence for most of...

Apple Cider Vinegar monograph & interactions

BioPerine

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Piper nigrum

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

BioPerine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,085Drugs
1,043 Moderate 42 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

BioPerine 1,019
Apple Cider Vinegar 162

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine interact with 1,085 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. BioPerine Apple Cider Vinegar

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

BioPerine17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
BioPerine full monograph & interactions

Apple Cider Vinegar4 drug types · 162 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of apple cider vinegar with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
A case of hypokalemia related to chronic use of apple cider vinegar has been reported. Theoretically, overuse of apple cider vinegar could decrease potassium levels, increasing the risk of toxicity with digoxin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of apple cider vinegar with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
A case of hypokalemia related to chronic use of apple cider vinegar has been reported. There is some concern that people taking apple cider vinegar along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Insulin

Theoretically, concomitant use of apple cider vinegar with insulin might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
A case of hypokalemia related to chronic use of apple cider vinegar has been reported. Theoretically, overuse of apple cider vinegar concomitantly with insulin might increase the risk of hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking apple cider vinegar with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Apple cider vinegar might reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and decrease gastric emptying in people with diabetes. However, not all research agrees. Theoretically, it might have additive effects on glucose levels when used with antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Apple Cider Vinegar full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine, from the product label.

Approved Science

See all Approved Science products
Name
Approved Science
City
New York
State
NY
ZipCode
10003
Phone Number
888-307-4790
Web Address
www.approvedscience.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science: Common Questions

Does Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine by Approved Science interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine has a known interaction with 1,085 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this product lower my blood sugar?
Apple cider vinegar might reduce blood glucose levels, but the evidence isn't strong enough to rate. If you take insulin or diabetes drugs, this product may add to their blood-sugar-lowering effect, raising the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Check with your pharmacist or doctor first.
Is black pepper extract (BioPerine) safe to take with my other medications?
BioPerine can significantly increase the blood levels of several medications—including heart drugs, anti-seizure drugs, and cholesterol medications—which may cause side effects or toxicity. This is one of the biggest concerns with this product. You absolutely need to check your exact medications before starting.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
We don't have safety data on file for either ingredient during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to get personalized advice based on your situation.
What are the common side effects?
In food amounts, apple cider vinegar is well tolerated. BioPerine may cause a burning aftertaste, upset stomach, or reduced taste perception. These are mild. Large long-term doses of apple cider vinegar can cause serious effects like low potassium and bone loss.
Does apple cider vinegar actually work for acne or other skin issues?
We don't have enough reliable evidence to rate apple cider vinegar for acne, eczema, or other skin conditions. The evidence is insufficient, so we can't say whether it works.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Apple Cider Vinegar

Interacts with 162 drugs

Apple cider vinegar is a fermented apple product that many people use hoping to help with blood sugar, weight, or digestion. The evidence for most of these uses is limited and mixed, and the...

Read the full Apple Cider Vinegar monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Apple Cider Vinegar +BioPerine's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 40 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Apple Cider Vinegar 11 references
  1. Lhotta K, Hofle G, Gasser R, Finkenstedt G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia, and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80:242-3. PubMed
  2. Hill LL, Woodruff LH, Foote JC, Barreto-Alcoba M. Esophageal injury by apple cider vinegar tablets and subsequent evaluation of products. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:1141-4. PubMed
  3. Hlebowicz J, Darwiche G, Björgell O, Almér LO. Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2007;7:46. PubMed
  4. Johnston CS, Kim CM, Buller AJ. Vinegar improves insulin sensitivity to a high-carbohydrate meal in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:281-2. PubMed
  5. Lhotta, K., Hofle, G., Gasser, R., and Finkenstedt, G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80(2):242-243. PubMed
  6. Bunick CG, Lott JP, Warren CB, et al. Chemical burn from topical apple cider vinegar. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67(4):e143-4. PubMed
  7. Feldstein S, Afshar M, Krakowski AC. Chemical Burn from Vinegar Following an Internet-based Protocol for Self-removal of Nevi. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015 Jun;8(6):50.
  8. Luu LA, Flowers RH, Kellams AL, et al. Apple cider vinegar soaks [0.5%] as a treatment for atopic dermatitis do not improve skin barrier integrity. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(5):634-639. PubMed
  9. Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Clark CCT, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021;21(1):179. PubMed
  10. Feise NK, Johnston CS. Commercial vinegar tablets do not display the same physiological benefits for managing postprandial glucose concentrations as liquid vinegar. J Nutr Metab 2020;2020:9098739. PubMed
  11. Gheflati A, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Reza JZ, Kord MT, Nadjarzadeh A. The effect of apple vinegar consumption on glycemic indices, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: A randomized contro

See these in context on the Apple Cider Vinegar monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  11. Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
  12. Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  13. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  14. Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
  15. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  16. Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
  17. Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998. PubMed
  18. Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  19. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  20. Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
  21. Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed
  22. Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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